Glorious Public School

SCIENCE
CLASS X
Pre Board
(Science 086)
Max. Marks: 80 Time Allowed: 3 hours
General Instructions:
1. All questions would be compulsory. However, an internal choice of approximately
33% would be provided. 50% marks are to be allotted to competency-based
questions.
2. Section A would have 16 simple/complex MCQs and 04 Assertion-Reasoning type
questions carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B would have 6 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C would have 7 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D would have 3 Long Answer (LA) type questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E would have 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of
assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the values of 1/2/3 marks.

Section-A
Question 1 to 16 are multiple choice questions. Only one of the choices is correct.
Select and write the correct choice as well as the answer to these questions.

1 Identify ‘p’, ‘q’ and ‘r’ in the following balanced

1
reaction Heat
p Pb (NO3)2(s)------> q PbO(s) + r NO2(g) + O2(g)
A. 2,2,4
B. 2,4,2
C. 2,4,4
D. 4,2,2
2 Match column I with column II and select the correct option using
the given codes. 1

A. a – (ii), b – (i), c – (iii), d – (iv) B. a – (iii), b – (i), c – (iv), d – (ii)

C. a – (iv), b – (ii), c – (iii), d – (i) D. a – (iii), b – (ii), c – (i), d – (iv)
3
1

The solution in the given figure is likely to be

A.
HNO3
B.
C2H5OH
C.
H2SO4
D.
CO2 in water
--------------
For Visual Impaired Students
Which among the following is considered as the strongest
electrolyte?
A. Dilute acid
B. Dilute sugar solution
C. Glucose solution
D. Ethanol in water
4 An aqueous solution ‘A’ turns the phenolphthalein solution pink. On
addition of an aqueous solution ‘B’ to ‘A’, the pink colour disappears. 1
Which of the following statement is true for the solutions ‘A’ and ‘B’.
A. A is strongly basic and B is a weak base.
B. A is strongly acidic and B is a weak acid.
C. A has a pH greater than 7 and B has a pH less than 7.
D. A has a pH less than 7 and B has a pH greater than 7.

5 When 50g of lead powder is added to 300 ml of blue copper

sulphate solution, after a few hours, the solution becomes 1
colourless. This is an example of
A. Combination reaction
B. Decomposition reaction
C. Displacement reaction
D. Double displacement reaction

6 The electronic configuration of three elements X, Y and Z are X- 2,

8, 7; Y- 2, 8, 2; and Z - 2, 8 1
A. Y and Z are metals
B. Y and X are non-metals
C. X is a non -metal and Y is a metal
D. Y is a non-metal and Z is a metal
7 Which of the following is an endothermic reaction?
A. Burning of candle. 1
B. Cooking of food.
C. Decomposition of Vegetable matter.
D. Reaction of Sodium with air
8 During cellular oxidation of Glucose, ATP is produced along with 1
formation of other products in this reaction. Which of the following
events is associated with production of maximum ATP molecules per
molecule of Glucose during this process? Synthesis of
A. ethanol in yeast
B. lactic acid in muscle cells
C. carbon dioxide in yeast cells
D. carbon dioxide in human cells

9 During which of the following stages of the circulation of blood in 1

a normal human being, the oxygenated blood is pumped to all parts
of the body?
A. contraction of the left atrium
B. contraction of left ventricle
C. relaxation of the right atrium
D. relaxation of the right ventricle
10 Which of the following adaptations in herbivores helps in digestions 1
of cellulose?
A. Longer large intestine
B. Smaller large intestine
C. Smaller small intestine
D. Longer small intestine

11 There was a cerebellar dysfunction in a patient. Which of the 1

following activities will get disturbed in this patient as a result of
this?
A. Salivation
B. Hunger control
C. Posture and balance
D. Regulation of blood pressure
12 In snails individuals can begin life as male and depending on 1
environmental conditions they can become female as they grow. This
is because
A. male snails have dominant genetic makeup.
B. female snails have dominant genetic makeup.
C. expression of sex chromosomes can change in a snail’s life
time.
D. sex is not genetically determined in snails.
13 In the following cases, a ray is incident on a concave mirror. In 1
which case is the angle of incidence equal to zero?
A. A ray parallel to the principal axis.
B. A ray passing through the centre of curvature and incident
obliquely.
C. A ray passing through the principal focus and incident obliquely.
D. A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis, at the pole of the
mirror.
14 1

Choose the correct option for the colour of rays for A and B.

Colour of Ray A Colour of Ray B

A. Blue Red
B. Green Yellow
C. Red Violet
D. Violet Indigo

15 Identify the incorrect statement 1

‘The energy available to the producers is maximum’ because:
A. It is the first trophic level which absorbs1% of light energy
directly from the source.
B. It utilizes the most of the chemical energy for its own
respiration, growth, reproduction, movement etc.
C. It utilizes 10% of light energy and transfers the rest to the
next trophic level.
D. It transfers only 10% of light energy to the next trophic level.
16 Which of the following is not a role of decomposers in the 1
ecosystem?
A. Natural replenishment of soil.
B. Enrichment of oxygen in atmosphere.
C. Waste decomposition.
D. Break-down of dead remains.
Question No. 17 to 20 consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason
(R). Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
17 Assertion (A): On adding dil. HCl to a test tube containing a 1
substance ‘X’, a colourless gas is produced which gives a pop sound
when a burning match stick is brought near it.
Reason (R): In this reaction metal ‘X’ is displaced by Hydrogen.
18 Assertion (A): The number of chromosomes in a cell and in a germ 1
cell is not the same in any species.
Reason (R): When 2 germ cells combine they restore the normal
number of chromosomes in a species.
19 Assertion (A): A convex mirror always forms an image behind it and 1
the image formed is virtual.
Reason (R): According to the sign convention, the focal length of a
convex mirror is positive.
20 Assertion (A): If the lions are removed from a food chain it will not 1
affect the food chain, however if the plants are removed from a food
chain it will disturb the ecosystem.
Reason (R): Plants are producers who can make food using sunlight,
while lions are consumers.
Section-B
Question No. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions
21 Identify the type of each of the following reactions stating the 2
reason for your answers.
A.
Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe + heat
B.
Pb (NO3)2 + 2KI → PbI2( )+ 2KNO3
22 Differentiate between alveoli and nephron on the basis of the 2
following points:
S. No. Feature Alveoli Nephron
1 Structure and
location
2 Function
23 Attempt either option A or B. 2
A. List the steps for the synthesis of glucose by the plants.
What special feature is found in desert plants related to this
process?
OR
B. Explain the role of the following enzymes in the process of
digestion of food in humans:
(i) Salivary amylase
(ii) Pepsin
(iii) Trypsin
(iv) Lipase
24 2

The above figure shows the formation of an image by a lens shown

by a thick line.
 Analyse the figure and answer the following questions.
A. What is the type of lens used?
B. What is the nature of the image?
C. If the image is formed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens
and the image is twice the size of the object, then where is
the object placed?
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For visually impaired students
A. What type of lens always forms a virtual erect and diminished
image?
B. List two uses of such a lens.
25 Attempt either option A or B. 2
A.

The electric circuit (above figure) in a clothes dryer contains two

heaters X and Y in parallel. The above figure shows the circuit
connected to a 230 V power supply. When both switches are
closed, the current in X is 3.5 A.

Analyse the circuit given above and answer the following

questions.
(i) Calculate the power developed in heater X.
(ii) If the resistance of X is double that of Y calculate the current
in heater Y.
OR
B.

The above figure shows two resistors X and Y connected in series to

a battery. The power dissipated for this combination is P1. When
these resistors
 are connected in parallel to the same battery then the power
𝑃1
𝑃2
dissipated is given by P2. Find out the ratio .

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For visually impaired students
A. We have four resistors A, B, C and D of resistance 3 Ω, 6 Ω ,9 Ω
and 12 Ω respectively. Find out the lowest resistance which
can be obtained by combining these four resistors.
OR
B. You are given 2 fuse wires A and B with current ratings 2A
and 5A respectively. Justify with reason which of the two
would you use with a 1000W, 220V room heater?
26 The cartoon below addresses a growing concern: 2

main.jpg (1148×574)
(frontiersin.org)

What impact will the process shown in the image have on

Humans if they occupy the last trophic level? Explain.
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For visually impaired students
Create a food chain with more than 2 trophic levels that exists in
the cabbage farm. If Humans occupy the last trophic level, then
how would spraying pesticide affect the humans? Explain.
Section-C
Question No. 27 to 33 are short answer questions
27 A. Anirudh took two metal oxides; aluminium oxide and
magnesium oxide as shown in the pictures given below. But he 3
forgot to label them. How will you guide/ help Anirudh to identify
the oxides and label them?
 B. In an activity Aishu was given two substances; Copper Sulphide
(Cu2S) and Copper Oxide (Cu2O) to obtain copper from these
compounds. She was able to extract Copper successfully.
Illustrate with the help of chemical equations how Aishu might
have completed the activity.
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For visually impaired students
Give reasons for the following
i. Certain metals are used for making cooking utensils.
ii. Hydrogen gas does not evolve when certain metals except
Mg & Mn react with nitric acid.
28 Attempt either option A or B.
A. 3
(i) In the given series of reactions, name the compounds X and
Z.
(ii) Which type of reaction is X to Z?

(iii) You are given 3 unknown solutions A, B, and C with pH

values of 6, 8 and 9.5 respectively. In which solution will the
maximum number of hydronium ions be present? Arrange
the given samples in the increasing order of H+ ion
concentration.
OR
B. Comment on the following statements:
(i) Bee sting is treated with baking soda paste whereas wasp
sting is treated with dilute vinegar.
(ii) Farmers treat soil with quicklime when tilling.
(iii) Ancient sculptures and marble structures are
conserved by treating them with certain chemicals.”
29 Water is used by the leaves of the plants for photosynthesis but 3
rather than watering the leaves, we water the plant through the soil.
How does this water reach the leaves of the plant?
30 A. In a family of four individuals, the father possessed long ears 3
and the mother possessed short ears. If the parents had pure
dominant and recessive traits respectively, then calculate the
ratio of genetic makeup of F2 generation. Show a suitable cross.
(2)
B. If father had short ears and the mother had long ears, explain
what effect it will have on the ratio of genetic makeup in F2
generation.
(1)
31 A. What is the fundamental difference between hypermetropia 3
and myopia in terms of the optical experience of a person?
B. The diagram below shows a special case of an eye defect.
(i) What is the defect that is shown in the figure?
(ii) State one cause for such a defect?
(iii) Explain with reason if a concave lens can be used to
correct the defect.

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For visually impaired students
A. What is the fundamental difference between hypermetropia
and myopia in terms of the optical experience of a person?
B. What are the causes of myopia in the human eye?
32 A. State the relationship between the resistance R of a wire to 3
its length l and cross sectional area A. Use the mathematical
symbols to arrive at the final formula.
B. Using the formula define the resistivity of a material.
33 3

Mona was doing an experiment with a magnetic compass and a

straight current-carrying wire. She observed that as she moved the
compass away from the current-carrying wire, the deflection of the
compass needle reduced.
A. Explain why the deflection of the compass needle reduced as
Mona moved away the compass needle from the current
carrying wire.
B. Mention one thing that could have changed in the circuit of the
wire that could increase the deflection of the needle.
C. Explain with reason what will be the direction of the magnetic
field associated with the wire for the case described by the
above figure.
 Section-D
Question No. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.
34
Attempt either option A or B. 5
A.
(i) “Keerthi thinks that Substitution reaction occurs in saturated
Hydrocarbons, on the contrary Krishi thinks, it occurs in
unsaturated Hydrocarbons.” Justify with valid reasoning
whose thinking is correct.
(ii) “Methane and Propane and their Isomers are used as fuels”
Comment. Draw the electron dot structure of the immediate
lower homologue of Propane. Give any two characteristics of
homologues of a given homologous series.
(iii) A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you
predict why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
OR
B.
(i) ‘A’ & ‘B’ are sodium salts of long-chain carboxylic acid and
long chain Sulphonic acid respectively. Which one of A or B
will you prefer as a cleansing agent while using underground
water (hand pump water)? Give the reason for your answer.
(ii) Elaborate on the process of cleansing action. Illustrate micelle
with the help of labelled diagram.
(iii) Write the chemical equation of the preparation of soap from
an ester CH3COOCH3. What is the name of this process?
35 Attempt either option A or B. 5
A. The image below shows a banana plant which is growing with the
help of suckers. These suckers are small plant stem outgrowths
which can be separated from the main plant and planted
separately and they will grow into a new plant subsequently.

Fig.-1-Parts-of-Banana-plant-FAO-2021.png (623×609)
(wp.com)
(i) Give the name and type of reproduction that is shown in
the image above.

(1)
 (ii) List two advantages the farmer will have on using the type
of reproduction mentioned above.
(2)
(iii) T
he above plant produces male flowers. Explain how this plant
will be involved in the process of pollination.
(1)
(iv) W
hy is the offspring of this banana plant not absolutely
identical to its parent plant?
(1)
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For visually impaired students
A. A banana plant is growing with the help of suckers. These
suckers are small plant stem outgrowths which can be
separated from the main plant and planted separately and they
will grow into a new plant subsequently.
(i) Give the name and type of reproduction. (1)
(ii) List two advantages the farmer will have on using the type
of reproduction mentioned above.

(2)
(iii) The above plant produces only male flower. Explain how this
plant will be involved in the process of pollination.

(1)
(iv) Why is the offspring of this banana plant not absolutely
identical to its parent plant?

(1)
OR
B. The image below shows a developing fetus in the mother's
womb. The developing fetus is connected to the placenta by
means of umbilical cord. The Umbilical vein and artery run
inside the umbilical cord.

(i) Name two substance that moves through the blood vessels. (1)
(ii) If the placenta has less villi how will it affect the baby’s growth?
(1)
(iii) Name the region where the embryo develops inside the
 female body. Explain how this region is adapted for
nourishing the baby.

(1)
(iv) Some of the fetal cells fall off into the amniotic fluid and can
be collected by careful procedure. The cells were screened
and found to contain XY chromosome. (2)
a) What is the sex of the foetus?
b) How is this prenatal sex determination misused?
--------------
For visually impaired students
B. A developing fetus is connected to the placenta by means of
umbilical cord. The Umbilical vein and artery run inside the
umbilical cord.
 (i) Name two substance that moves through the blood vessels. (1)
(ii) If the placenta has less villi how will it affect the baby’s growth?
(1)
(iii) Name the region where the embryo develops inside the
female body. Explain how this region is adapted for
nourishing the baby.

(1)
(iv) Some of the fetal cells fall off into the amniotic fluid and can
be collected by careful procedure. The cells were screened
and found to contain XY chromosome.
a) What is the sex of the foetus?
b) How is this prenatal sex determination misused? (2)
36 Attempt either option A or B. 5

A.

The above circuit is a part of an electrical device. Use the

information given in the question to calculate the following.
(i)
Potential Difference across R2.
(ii)
Value of the resistance R2.
(iii)
Value of resistance R1

OR
B.

As shown in the figure above A and B are two lamps. Lamp A is

rated at 12 V, 24W. Lamp B is rated at 6.0 V. When lamp B operates
at its rated voltage, the current in it is 3.0 A. The values of R1 and R2
are chosen so that both lamps operate at their rated voltages.
Based on the information given, answer the following.
(i) Calculate the current in Lamp A.
(ii) State and give reason for the reading of the Voltmeter.
(iii) Calculate the resistance of R2.
(iv) Find the value of the resistance R1.
 --------------
For visually impaired students
A.
(i) State the law and write the formula connecting the electric
current flowing through a conductor and voltage applied
across it.
(ii) In a household five fans each of 100W are used for 4 hours
and an electric press of 500W for 2 hours every day.
Calculate the cost of using tube-lights and electric press for
60 days if the cost of 1 unit of electrical energy is Rs. 6.5.
OR
B.
(i) State Joules law of heating and write its mathematical
expression.
(ii) Two resistors of resistances 2𝛺 and 4𝛺 are connected in
a) series
b) parallel
with a battery of given potential difference. Compute the
ratio of total quantity of heat produced in the combination
in the two cases if the total voltage and time are kept the
same for both.
Section – E
Question No. 37 to 39 are case-based/data -based questions.

37 4

A. Derive the names of A, Y, Z, M, P & R

Attempt either subpart B or C.
B. Improvise an activity to test Z.
OR
C. Name the process in which compounds X, Y & Z are formed
from A. Justify your response.
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For visually impaired students
 A. Distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid experimentally.
Attempt either subpart B or C.
B. Give the IUPAC name of the first member of Alkene which is
formed by addition of conc. sulphuric acid to it. Illustrate the
change with the help of a chemical equation.
OR
C. “All combustion reactions are oxidation but all oxidation
reactions are not combustion.” Justify.
38 Mohan and Rohit observed that shoots of a plant growing in shade 4
bend
towards the sunlight. Whereas, leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant fold
and droop soon after touching. They were curious to know how
these movements occur in plants.

A. Shoots of a plant bending towards light

B. Folding of leaves Touch me not plant

In order to help them understand the movements in the plants,

answer the following questions:
Attempt either subpart A or B.
A. What causes the bending of shoots in the plants as shown in
figure A?
OR
B. What causes the folding of the leaves in ‘Touch me not’ plant
as shown in figure B?
(2)
C. Compare the movement of growth of the pollen tube towards
ovule with the movements shown in part A of the above
figure.
(1)
D. Compare the movement shown in figure B with the movement
of body parts in the animals.
(1)
 --------------
For visually impaired students

During a field trip, Mohan and Rohit observed that shoots of

sunflower plants bend towards the sunlight. Whereas, leaves of
‘Touch me not’ plant begin to fold and droop soon after touching
even during the day. They were curious to know how these
movements occur in plants.
Attempt either subpart A or B.
A. What causes the bending of shoots in the sunflower plants
towards sunlight?
OR
B. What causes the folding of the leaves in ‘Touch me not’
plants when touched by hand?

(2)
C. Compare the movement of growth of the pollen tube towards
ovule with the bending of shoots of sunflower plant towards
sunlight. (1)
D. Compare the movement in folding of leaves of ‘Touch me not’
plants with the movement of body parts in the animals.

(1)
39 4

The above image is that of a reflecting telescope. Reflecting

telescopes revolutionised our ways of looking into the sky. They
employ mirrors to gather and focus light, rather than relying solely
on lenses as in their refracting counterparts. These telescopes utilise
precisely shaped and polished mirrors to capture incoming light and
reflect it to a focal point, where it forms an image for observation.
A. What kind of image of the star is seen by the observer at the
eyepiece?
B. What kind of mirror is used in this reflecting telescope?
Attempt either subpart C or D.
C. Explain with reason what kind of optical device (type of lens
or mirror) that is used at the eyepiece.
OR
D. What is the role of the plane mirror in the telescope?
--------------
For visually impaired students

Azim Taraporewala was a traveller and science enthusiast. During

one of his
travels he found himself on the edge of an island without any mode
of communication. As he had read in many stories, he thought he
would light a fire on the beach and travelling boats or ships could
see that fire and come to give him a ride. He had run out of lighters
and match-sticks but had a reading glass. Being a science
enthusiast he knew some tricks and used that lens and a scrap of
paper to light a fire, with the help of scorching rays from the sun.
A. Which lens can be used by Azim to create the fire?
B. What property of the lens helps Azim to create the fire?
Attempt either subpart C or D.
C. List two more uses of this kind of lens.
OR
D. Explain with reason the condition under which the lens can
form both real as well as virtual images.

***********
 MARKING SCHEME
2024 -25
Class X Science (086)

Section-A

1 A. 2,2,4 1

2 B. a – (iii), b – (i), c – (iv), d – (ii) 1

3 A. C2H5OH 1
Alternate question for VI
A. Dilute acid

4 C. A has a pH greater than 7 and B has a pH less than 7 1

5 C. Displacement reaction 1

6 C. X is a non-metal and Y is a metal. 1

7 B. Cooking of food 1

8 D. carbon dioxide in human cells 1

9 B. contraction of left ventricle. 1

10 D. Longer small intestine. 1

11 C. Posture and balance. 1

12 D. sex is not genetically determined in snails. 1

13 B. A ray passing through the centre of curvature and incident 1

obliquely.
14 C. Red Violet 1

15 C. It utilizes 10% of light energy and transfers the rest to the next 1
trophic level.
16 B. Enrichment of oxygen in the atmosphere. 1

17 A. A is true but R is false 1

18 B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A 1

19 B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A 1

20 D. A is false but R is true. 1

 Section-B

21 A. Exothermic/Displacement reaction/Redox reaction. 2

(0.5) Heat is evolved or a More reactive element displaces a

less reactive element or aluminium reduces iron (II) oxide to
iron

(0.5)
B. Double displacement / Precipitation reaction

(0.5) As there is an exchange of ions between reactants and

products / (Yellow) precipitate (of Lead iodide) is formed

(0.5)
22 2

23 Students to attempt either option A or B. 2

A. Steps of synthesis of glucose in plants:
 Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
 Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and
splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
 Reduction of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
 Desert plants take up carbon dioxide at night and
prepare an intermediate which is acted upon by the
energy absorbed by the chlorophyll during the day.
(0.5 x 4)
OR
B.
 Salivary amylase – breaks down starch which is a
complex molecule to sugar.
 Pepsin – Helps to digest proteins in stomach.
 Trypsin – It helps in digesting proteins to amino acids.
 Lipase – Breaking down of emulsified fats to fatty acids
and glycerol. (0.5 x
4)
24 A. The lens is a convex lens. 2
B. The image is virtual.
C. Magnification for lens = 𝑣 = ℎ𝑖
𝑢 ℎ𝑜
= 2.
−30𝑐𝑚
𝑢 =2
Hence u = -15 cm
------------
For visually impaired students
A. concave lens (1)
B. correction of myopia and peepholes of doors or any other
correct alternative.
(1)

S.
No. Feature Alveoli Nephron

1 Structure Balloon like structures Tubular

and present at the terminal structure
location ends of bronchioles in present in
lungs kidneys
2 Function Exchange of Filtration of
gases blood to
form urine
25 Student to attempt either A or B. 2
A. P = VI (1)

I 𝖺 , so half the resistance means double the current.

1
= 230 × 3.5 = 805 W
𝑅
Therefore, current in Y = 7.0 A. (1)
OR
B. For series total resistance is R+2R = 3R (0.5)
2

3𝑅
P1 = . (0.5)
2𝑅
3
For parallel total Resistance is . (0.5)
𝑉2 32

2𝑅/3 2𝑅
P2 = = .
𝑃1 2
= . (0.5)
𝑃2 9
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For visually impaired students

A. The resistance will be lowest/minimum if all the resistors are

connected in parallel.
The equivalent resistance in parallel combination is given by

1 1 1 1 1
(0.5)
= + + +
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑣 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅4
(0.5)

1 1 1 1 1
Substituting the values, we get
= + + +
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑣 3 6 9 12

12 + 6 + 4 + 2 24 2
(0.5)
= = =
36 36 3
3
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑣 = = 1.5 𝛺
2 (0.5)

B. 𝑃 = 𝑉 × 𝐼
OR

𝐼 = = = 4.54 𝐴
𝑃 1000
(0.5)

𝑉 220
(0.5)
We will be using fuse B with is rated as 5A. This is because it
will be able to sustain the current (4.54 A) passing through
it. Whereas fuse A will melt and break the circuit as the
current exceeds its rating. (1)
26 Pesticides are non-biodegradable/ keep getting accumulated at 2
each trophic level, / persist for longer time/ and thus last trophic
level has highest concentration/ humans will have the highest
concentration of pesticides/ leads to bio-magnification. (any 2
points)
------------
For visually impaired students
 Cabbage/plant-> rabbit-> snake-> owl (Any other relevant food
chain) (1)
Pesticides are non-biodegradable and persist for long. So when
humans consume plants or any animal that consume this plant,
the pesticide enters the food chain and keeps getting
accumulated at each trophic level, thus the organism in the last
trophic level-human being has the highest concentration of
pesticide and this is called biological magnification.

(1)
Section-C

27 A. Aqueous solution of magnesium oxide turns red litmus to 3

blue. Aluminium oxide is amphoteric and insoluble in water.
Thus, it does not change the colour of either blue or red
litmus.
OR
Magnesium oxide reacts with acid only whereas Aluminium
oxide reacts with acids and bases, which are amphoteric. (1)
B.

(1+1)

- -- - - - - - - - -
For visually impaired students
A. Certain metals (like aluminium/ copper) are used for making
cooking utensils as they are good conductors of heat and
have high melting points. (0.5 +
0.5)
B. Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric
acid. This is because HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent. It
oxidises the H2 produced to water and itself gets reduced to
any of the nitrogen oxides (N2O, NO, NO2). But magnesium
(Mg) and manganese (Mn) react with very dilute HNO3 to
evolve H2 gas.
(1+1)
28 Students to attempt either A or B. 3
A.
(i) X = NaHCO3; Z = Na2CO3
(0.5+0.5)
(ii) Decomposition reaction (0.5)
(iii) Soluti
on A (0.5)
(iv) Incr
easing order or H+ ions C<B<A (1)
OR
B.
(i) As bee sting is acidic and wasp sting is basic. (1)
 (ii) To change the nature of soil to (neutral or basic). (1)
(iii) To
protect sculptures from the effects of certain gases
present in environment and acid rain.

(1)
29 ● In plants, the water is absorbed by the plants from the soil 3
through the roots. Xylem tissue of the roots, stems and
leaves are interconnected to form a continuous system of
water conducting channels.
(1)
● During the day, when stomata are open, the transpiration pull
becomes
 the major driving force for the movement of water in the
xylem. (1)
● Evaporation of water molecules from the stomata creates a
suction which pulls water from the xylem cells of roots to the
stem and then to the leaves.
(1)
30 (Any letter which clearly indicated dominant and recessive ears, 3
example, L or E or any other)
A. LL × ll
F1= Ll
Ll X Ll
1LL:2Ll:1ll. (2)
B. No change in ratio/the ratio of F2 generation will still be
1LL:2Ll:1ll/ ratio will be the same.
As the cross is still between a pure dominant and
recessive allele/ genes/ traits/characters /as shown in the
cross above.

(1)
31 A. Hypermetropia is a defect that causes difficulty in focusing on 3
near objects, with clearer vision observed for distant objects.
In Myopia distant objects appear blurry while near objects are
seen clearly. (1)
B.
(i) The image shows a case of hypermetropia. (0.5)
(ii) shortening of the eyeball or focal length of the eye lens
becomes too long.
(0.5)
(iii) No the concave lens would diverge the rays coming to the
eyeball and will push the image even further, but a convex
lens should be used which will help to converge the rays
and create the image at the exact place on the retina.
(1)

------------
For visually impaired students
A. Hypermetropia is a defect that causes difficulty in focusing on
near objects, with clearer vision observed for distant objects.
In Myopia distant objects appear blurry while near
objects are seen clearly.
(1)
B. High converging power of eye lens, elongation of eye-ball. (2)
 R𝖺𝑙
32 A. 3

R𝖺
𝑙
𝐴
R=𝜌 .
𝐴
(1.5)

R=𝜌
𝑙
B.
𝐴
𝜌 = R𝐴 for A =1m2 and l =1m, we have
𝑙
𝜌=R
Hence resistivity is the resistance offered by a wire of length 1 m
having a cross sectional area of 1 m2. (1.5)
33 A. Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the distance 3
from the
 current carrying wire. Hence when Mona moved the compass
away from the current carrying wire, the magnetic effect was
less on it and hence the deflection was less.

(1)
B. Magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the current in
the wire. So, Mona could increase the current in the circuit to
observe a greater deflection in the compass needle.

(1)
C. The battery suggests that the current is going from top of the
plane to the bottom of the plane. Using the right hand thumb
rule we can say that the magnetic field will be clockwise.

(1)
Section-D

34 Student to attempt either option A or B. 5

A.
(i) Keerthi’s thinking is correct as substitution reactions occur
in saturated hydrocarbons, hydrogen atoms are replaced
with heteroatoms in saturated hydrocarbons. Whereas in
unsaturated hydrocarbons an addition reaction occurs,
simple molecules are added across double and/or triple
bonds. (1)
(ii) Methane and propane undergo combustion reaction in
presence of oxygen and produce large amount of energy. (1)
The lower homologue of propane is ethane has the following
electron dot structure:

(1)
ANY TWO CHARACTERISTICS
- Difference in -CH2- / 14u molecular mass of any two
adjacent homologues.
- Same general formula/ functional group
- Similar chemical properties
- Gradual change in physical properties (1)
(iii) T
he mixture of ethyne and oxygen in sufficient amounts
undergoes complete combustion to fire a clean blue flame.
In pressure of insufficient supply of oxygen or in presence of
air, ethyne does not undergo complete combustion and
produces sooty flame.
(1)
OR
 B.
(i) ‘B’ is preferred for cleansing action. The calcium and
magnesium salts present in underground water are
precipitated with carboxylic acids. The Ca++ and Mg++ salts
of sulphonic acid are soluble in water. ‘B’ is a more effective
cleansing agent in presence of Ca and Mg salts. (1)
(ii)
 Soaps are molecules in which the two ends have differing
properties, one is hydrophilic, that is, it dissolves in
water, while the other end is hydrophobic, that is, it
dissolves in hydrocarbons.
 The molecules of soap are sodium or potassium salts of
long-chain carboxylic acids. The ionic end of soap
dissolves in water while the carbon chain dissolves in oil.
The soap molecules, thus form structures called micelles
where one end of the molecules is towards the oil droplet
while the ionic end faces outside. This forms an emulsion
in water. The soap micelle thus helps in dissolving the
dirt in water and we can wash our clothes clean

(Labelled fig - 1 + 2)
(iii) CH3COOCH3+ NaOH  CH3COONa+ CH3OH
The process is saponification. (0.5 + 0.5)
35 Students to attempt either option A or B. 5
A.
(i) Vegetative propagation/ asexual reproduction. (0.5+0.5)
(ii) More crops in same time interval, genetically identical,
flower fruit faster, no need to depend on pollinators.

(1+1)
(iii) Cross pollination, the pollen from anther will be
transferred the stigma of another banana plant using
agents like wind, water, or insects etc.
(0.5+0.5)
(iv) T
here would be minor changes/some variation during the
process of copying of the DNA.

(1)
------------
For visually impaired students
(i) Vegetative propagation/ asexual reproduction. (0.5+0.5)
(ii) More crops in same time interval, genetically identical,
 flower fruit faster, no need to depend on pollinators.

(1+1)
(iii) Cross pollination, the pollen from anther will be
transferred the stigma of another banana plant using
agents like wind, water, or insects etc.
(0.5+0.5)
 (iv) There would be minor changes/some variation during the
process of copying of the DNA.

(1)
OR
B.
(i) Nutrients /glucose/oxygen/ waste. (any two) (1)
(ii) less surface area for nutrients (glucose/oxygen) to pass
from mother to embryo slow growth.
(1)
(iii) uterus; has thick lining with rich supply of blood to
nourish the embryo.
(1)
(iv) (iv)
a) male child
b) misused as if the foetus is female, some people
engage in aborting the child leading to female foeticide.
(2)
------------
For visually impaired students
A.
(i) Nutrients /glucose/oxygen/ waste. (any two) (1)
(ii) less surface area for nutrients (glucose/oxygen) to pass
from mother to embryo slow growth.
(1)
(iii) ut
erus; has thick lining with rich supply of blood to nourish the
embryo.
(1)
(iv) (iv)
a) male child
b) misused as if the foetus is female, some people engage
in aborting the child leading to female foeticide.
(2)
36 Students to attempt either option A or B. 5
A.
(i) p.d. across 4 Ω resistor = p.d. Across R2 as both are in
parallel.
(0.5)
1.5 (A) × 4 (Ω) = 6 V (0.5)
(ii) Total Current through 4 Ω and R2 = 2.0 A (given).
Current through 4 Ω = 1.5 A (given) (0.5)
Hence current through R2 = 2-1.5= 0.5 A
Using Ohm’s law for R2 we get (0.5)
6 V= 0.5 A x R2
Hence R2 = 6/0.5 = 12 Ω (0.5)
(iii) p.d. across R1 = Total p.d. - (p.d. across R2) - (p.d. across
2.0
Ω) (0.5)
p.d. across 2.0 Ω = 2x2 = 4 V
p.d. across R2 = 6 V (calculated before) (0.5)

Hence p.d. across R1 = 12 − 6 − 4 = 2 V (0.5)

Current through R1 = 2A (0.5)
Using Ohm’s Law, we get
R1 = 2V/2A = 1Ω (0.5)
Alternative method
Total Resistance = R1 +(4 𝑥 12)
(4+12)
+ 2 = 12V/2 A = 6Ω (0.5)
R1 = 6 – (3 + 2) = 1 Ω

(0.5)
OR
B.
(i)Use of P = IV (0.5)
I = P ÷ V = 24 W ÷ 12V
Current in lamp A – 2 A (0.5)
(ii) Voltmeter reading = 12 V
(0.5) Lamp A and Lamp B are in parallel.
Hence p.d. across the arm containing A = p.d.
across arm containing B
= 12 V (from a) (0.5)
(iii) p.d. across R2 + p.d. across B = 12 V. (0.5)
p.d. across B = 6 V (given)
Hence p.d. across R2 = 12 V - 6 V = 6V (0.5)

Current through R2 = Current through B = 3A (given)

(0.5) Use of R = V/I

R2 =6V/3A = 2Ω (0.5)
(iv) Current through R1 = Total Current = 3A+2A = 5A (0.5)
p.d. across R1 = 15V -12 V = 3V
R1=3V/5A = 0.6 Ω (0.5)

------------
For visually impaired students
A.
(i) Ohm's Law is the law, which states that the electric
current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the voltage
(V) applied across it and inversely proportional to the resistance

𝑉𝖺𝐼
(R) of the conductor. Mathematically, it can be represented as: (1)

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 (1)

Let the energy consumed by the fans be 𝐸𝑓 and

the energy consumed by the electric press be 𝐸𝑝.
(ii)

 𝐸𝑓 = 𝑃 × 𝑡 = = 0.4 𝑘𝑊ℎ
100 ×4

1000
𝐸𝑝 = 𝑃 × 𝑡 = = 1 𝑘𝑊ℎ
500 ×2

1000
 (1)
Total energy consumed in 1 day = 𝐸𝑝 + 𝐸𝑓 = 1.4
𝑘𝑊ℎ


Total energy consumed in 60 days = 1.4 × 60 = 84 𝑘𝑊ℎ.

Total cost = 84 × 𝑅𝑠. 6.5 = 𝑅𝑠. 546.00 (2)

OR
B.
(i) Joule's Law of Heating states that the amount of heat
produced in a conductor is directly proportional to the
square of the electric current passing through it, the
resistance of the conductor, and
 the time for which the current flows. Mathematically, it

𝐻 = 𝐼2𝑅𝑡
can be expressed as

● H is the heat produced (in joules),

● I is the electric current (in amperes),
● R is the resistance of the conductor (in ohms),
● t is the time for which the current flows (in seconds).

𝑅𝑠 and that for parallel be denoted by 𝑅𝑝. Total

(ii) Let the equivalent resistance in series be denoted by

voltage of the circuit is given by 𝑉 in both cases and

the time is denoted by 𝑡.
 𝑅𝑠 = 12 +14 = 3 6𝛺
 1 = + = ,𝑅 =
4

𝑅𝑝 2 4 4 𝑝 3
𝐻 = 𝑡, 𝐻 = 𝑡
𝑉2 2 𝑉
𝑠 𝑝

𝑅𝑅 2 𝑅𝑝
= =
𝑠𝑝
𝐻𝑠

𝐻𝑝 𝑅𝑠 9

SECTION – E
37 A. A - Sodium 4
chloride Y -
Chlorine gas,
Z - Hydrogen
gas, M - Sodium
metal,
P - Sodium ethanoate &
R - Ethyl ethanoate/ester (0.5 X 6 =
3)
Student to attempt either subpart B or C.
B. Any activity similar to the given figure (1)

OR
C. Chlor alkali process
The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of
the products formed from chlorine and alkali for sodium
hydroxide.
(1)
 ------------
For visually impaired students
A.

(1+1)
B. Ethene
C2H5OH ------Hot Conc Sulphuric acid--- CH2=CH2 + H2O (1)
C. In combustion reactions oxygen is added hence all combustion
reactions are oxidation, whereas in oxidation reactions, energy
may or may not be released (along with the products), hence all
oxidation reactions are not combustion reactions. (1)
38 Students to attempt either subpart A or B. 4
A.
● Bending of shoots of plants is a response to the stimulus
and a directional, growth-related movement.
● When growing plants detect sunlight, a hormone called
auxin, synthesized at shoot tip helps the cells to grow
longer.
● When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin
diffuses to the shady side of the shoot.
● This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells of the shoot
to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away from
the light. Thus, plant appears to bend towards light. (0.5 x
4 =2) OR
B.
● Leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant respond to the stimulus by
showing growth independent movement.
● These plants use electrical–chemical means to
convey the information from cell to cell.
● Movement happens at a point different from the point of
touch.
● Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water
in them, resulting in swelling or shrinking, and therefore in
changing shape.
(0.5 x 4
=2)
C. Growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule is an example of
chemotropism whereas bending of shoots towards sunlight
is an example of phototropism.
 (1)

ETHANOIC ACID ETHANOL

Reaction with carbonates and hydrogen No reaction

carbonates: Ethanoic acid reacts with
carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to give
rise to salt, carbon dioxide and water. The salt
produced is commonly called
sodium acetate.
2CH3 COOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COONa + H2O +
 D.
i) Although both plants and animals show electrical–chemical
means to convey the information from cell to cell but
unlike nerve cells in animals there is no specialized tissue
in plants for conduction of information.
(0.5)
ii) In animal cells, change in shape occurs because of the
specialized proteins found in muscle cells; plant cells
change shape by changing the amount of water in them.

(0.5)
------------
For visually impaired students
Students to attempt either subpart A or B.
A.
● Bending of shoots of plants is a response to the stimulus
and a directional, growth-related movement.
● When growing plants detect sunlight, a hormone called
auxin, synthesized at shoot tip helps the cells to grow
longer.
● When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin
diffuses to the shady side of the shoot.
● This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells of the
shoot to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is
away from the light. Thus, plant appears to bend towards
light. (0.5 x 4
=2)
OR
B.
● Leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant respond to the stimulus
by showing growth independent movement.
● These plants use electrical–chemical means to convey
the information from cell to cell.
● Movement happens at a point different from the point of
touch.
● Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of
water in them, resulting in swelling or shrinking, and
therefore in changing shape.
(0.5 x 4 =2)
C. Growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule is an example of
chemotropism whereas bending of shoots towards sunlight
is an example of phototropism.

(1)
D.
i) Although both plants and animals show electrical–chemical
means to convey the information from cell to cell but
unlike nerve cells in animals there is no specialized tissue
 in plants for conduction of information.

(0.5)
ii) In animal cells, change in shape occurs because of the
specialized proteins found in muscle cells; plant cells
change shape by changing the amount of water in them.

(0.5)
39 A. Real Image (the final image is formed due to the lens at the 4
eye-piece)
(1)
 B. Concave Mirror (1)
Student to attempt either subpart C or D.
C. A converging lens is used at the eyepiece to collect the rays
from the plane mirror and help the viewer to see a real
erect image of the star.
(2)
OR
D. The plane mirror laterally inverts the image formed by
the curved mirror and its position helps to direct the rays
towards the eye-piece.
(2)
------------
For visually impaired students
A. Convex lens. (1)
B. Converging property. The lens can converge parallel rays
to one point.
(1)
Student to attempt either subpart C or D
C. To correct hypermetropia, lenses of telescopes,
microscopes and slide projectors.
(2)
OR
D. If the object is kept between the optical centre and the
focus the image obtained is virtual, rest in all cases the
image is real.

**********