ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

SECOND QUARTER

TYPES OF
SPEECHES

VINA G. AZAÑES
Subject Teacher
INTRODUCTION

Speech is a powerful form of communication that can

inform, persuade, entertain, and inspire audiences. This
module provides a comprehensive overview of speech
types according to purpose and delivery, along with the
principles of speech writing and speech delivery.

By the end of this module, you will:

• Identify and differentiate the types of speeches based

on purpose and delivery.
• Understand the principles of effective speech writing
and delivery.
• Practice applying these principles through individual
paper-and-pen activities.
TYPES OF SPEECHES

A. Types of Speech According to Purpose

1. Informative Speech

An informative speech aims to educate the audience

about a specific topic by providing facts, explanations,
or instructions.

Characteristics:

• Objective: Focuses on factual and unbiased

information.

• Structure: Organized into an introduction, body,

and conclusion to facilitate comprehension.

• Language: Uses clear and concise language

suitable for the audience.

• Visual Aids: Often incorporate tools like slides,

charts, or graphs to illustrate points.
Examples:

• A teacher explaining Newton's laws of motion.

• A student reporting on climate change.
• A tour guide describing the history of a landmark.

When to Use:

Informative speeches are ideal in academic,

professional, or formal settings where the audience
expects to learn something new.

Tips for Effective Informative Speeches:

• Research thoroughly to ensure accuracy.

• Use examples or analogies to clarify complex
ideas.
• Encourage questions to promote understanding.

Practice Activity 1:

Instruction: Write a 5-sentence speech introducing a

topic you are knowledgeable about. Ensure your
speech is factual and educational. Write them on one
whole sheet of paper.
2. Persuasive Speech

A persuasive speech seeks to convince the audience

to adopt a particular viewpoint or take specific action.

Characteristics:

• Goal: Convince the audience to agree with a

viewpoint or take a specific action.

• Structure: Includes a strong thesis, logical

arguments, emotional appeals, and a compelling
conclusion

• Techniques: Uses rhetoric, such as ethos

(credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos
(logical reasoning).

Examples:

• A politician urging citizens to vote for them.

• An environmentalist advocating for renewable
energy.
• A student convincing classmate to join a club or
organization.
When to Use:

Persuasive speeches are used in debates, campaigns,

sales presentations, and any setting where changing
opinions or motivating action is essential.

Tips for Effective Persuasive Speeches:

• Know your audience and tailor your message to

their values and concerns.
• Use credible evidence and real-life examples to
support your claims.
• Address counterarguments respectfully and refute
them logically.

Practice Activity 2:

Instruction: Write a 5-sentence speech persuading

your classmates to support a school project or
initiative. Include at least one logical argument.
3. Entertainment Speech

An entertainment speech aims to amuse or inspire the

audience, often using humor or storytelling.

Characteristics:

• Tone: Relaxed, humorous, or inspirational.

• Content: Often includes personal stories, jokes, or

anecdotes.

• Purpose: Creates an emotional connection or

leaves the audience feeling happy, inspired, or
reflective.

Examples:

• A wedding toast with humorous and heartfelt

anecdotes.
• A motivational talk at a graduation ceremony.
• A comedian performing a stand-up routine.
When to Use:

Entertainment speeches are ideal for informal or

celebratory settings, such as parties, weddings, or
events where the audience expects to be engaged and
uplifted.

Tips for Effective Entertainment Speeches:

• Use relatable and lighthearted content that

resonates with the audience.
• Incorporate humor, but ensure it is appropriate for
the setting.
• Balance entertainment with a meaningful
message or insight.

Practice Activity 3:

Instruction: Write a short speech (5 sentences) about

a funny or memorable experience. Use lighthearted
language.
Key Differences Among the Types of Speeches

Informative Persuasive Entertainment

Aspect
Speech Speech Speech
Primary To educate To convince or To amuse or
Goal and inform motivate inspire
Neutral and Passionate and Lighthearted and
Tone
factual compelling engaging
Heavy Combines logic
Use of Minimal; often
reliance on with emotional
Evidence anecdotal
data and facts appeal
Evaluate and Enjoys and
Audience Receives
may be connects
Role information
persuaded emotionally

Why Understanding Purpose Matters

Choosing the correct speech type based on purpose

ensures that the message is effectively delivered and well-
received by the audience. A well-crafted informative
speech, for example, may fail to persuade, just as an overly
factual entertainment speech might bore the audience.
Recognizing the nuances of each type is key to achieving
the desired outcome.
B. Types of Speech According to Delivery

Speech delivery refers to how a speaker conveys their

message to the audience. The method of delivery can
significantly impact the effectiveness, clarity, and
engagement of the speech. Each type of delivery has
unique characteristics, advantages, and challenges.
Below are the four main types of speech delivery:
Reading from a Manuscript, Memorized Speech,
Impromptu Speech, and Extemporaneous Speech.

A. Reading from a Manuscript

This type of speech involves reading a pre-written script

word for word.

Characteristics:
• Requires thorough preparation to create a detailed
and polished manuscript.
• Demands practice to ensure natural delivery while
reading.
• Limits spontaneity and direct interaction with the
audience.

Examples:
• A news anchor reading a report.
 • A formal declaration or statement by a government
official.
• A eulogy delivered at a funeral service.

Advantages:
• Ensures accuracy and consistency, especially in
highly formal or sensitive contexts.
• Reduces the risk of forgetting important details.
• Useful for complex topics that require precise
language.

Challenges:
• May sound monotonous or robotic if not practiced
well.
• Reduces eye contact and rapport with the audience.
• Limited flexibility to adapt to audience reactions or
questions.

Tips for Effective Delivery:

• Rehearse extensively to sound natural and
engaging.
• Use intentional pauses and vocal variety to maintain
interest.
• Maintain occasional eye contact by glancing up from
the manuscript.
Practice Activity 4:

Instruction: Write a short speech (5 sentences) you

would read during a school assembly.

B. Memorized Speech

A memorized speech is delivered without notes, as the

speaker has learned it by heart.

Characteristics:
• Requires thorough memorization of the entire
speech.
• Allows the speaker to maintain eye contact and
engage with the audience.
• Demands confidence and practice to avoid forgetting
parts of the speech.

Examples:
• A student delivering a declamation piece.
• A keynote speaker at a conference.
• A motivational speaker reciting a prepared message.
• An orator reciting a declamation piece.
• A student delivering a memorized class
presentation.
Advantages:
• Creates a strong connection with the audience
through direct engagement.
• Demonstrates mastery of the material.
• Enables dynamic and energetic delivery.

Challenges:
• Forgetting parts of the speech can cause significant
disruptions.
• Memorization can be time-consuming and stressful.
• Lack of flexibility to adjust content during delivery.

Tips for Effective Delivery:

• Break the speech into smaller sections to aid
memorization.
• Practice in front of a mirror or a trusted audience for
feedback.
• Visualize the speech’s flow to reinforce memory.

Practice Activity 5:

Instruction: Write a 5-sentence speech about an

inspiring person or event that you could memorize.
C. Impromptu Speech

An impromptu speech is delivered spontaneously without

prior preparation.

Characteristics:
• Often delivered in informal or spontaneous
situations.
• Relies on the speaker’s general knowledge and
communication skills.
• Usually shorter and less structured than other types
of speeches.

Advantages:
• Encourages authentic and natural communication.
• Requires minimal preparation, making it adaptable to
any setting.
• Can be highly engaging when done well.

Challenges:
• High potential for disorganization or lack of clarity.
• Increases the risk of filler words or hesitation.
• Demands quick thinking and composure.
Tips for Effective Delivery:
• Take a moment to gather your thoughts before
speaking.
• Use a simple structure: introduction, body, and
conclusion.
• Focus on key points and avoid overloading with
details.

Examples:
• Speaking on the spot during a class discussion.
• Answering an unexpected question in a meeting.
• Responding to a toast at a celebration.
• Sharing insights during a class discussion.

Practice Activity 6:
Instruction: Imagine you are asked to give an impromptu
speech about your favorite hobby. Write what you would
say in 5 sentences.

D. Extemporaneous Speech

An extemporaneous speech is prepared in advance but

delivered using minimal notes, allowing for a more
conversational tone.
Characteristics:
• Combines the advantages of preparation and
spontaneity.
• Involves outlining main points rather than writing a
full script.
• Promotes interaction and adaptability based on
audience feedback.

Examples:
• A seminar or conference presentation.
• A teacher explaining a lesson with pre-prepared
notes.
• A debate participant arguing their position.
• A student presenting during a school contest.

Advantages:
• Balances preparation with a natural and engaging
delivery.
• Allows flexibility to adjust to audience reactions or
time constraints.
• Encourages eye contact and interaction with the
audience.

Challenges:
• Requires familiarity with the content to avoid over-
reliance on notes.
• Demands practice to ensure coherence and fluency.
 • May be challenging for speakers who prefer a
detailed script.

Tips for Effective Delivery:

• Prepare a clear outline with main points and
supporting details.
• Practice the speech several times to improve fluency
and confidence.
• Use keywords or cue cards to guide your delivery.

Practice Activity:

Instruction: Draft a short speech outline on “The

Importance of Time Management.” Include 3 key points
you would expand upon.

Key Differences Among Delivery Types

Aspect Manuscript Memorized Impromptu Extemporaneous
Preparation Fully scripted Fully memorized Minimal to none Outline prepared
Flexibility Limited None High Moderate
Audience Limited due High with direct Moderate to High due to
Engagement to reading eye contact high conversational tone
Q&A,
Common Formal Competitions, Presentations,
spontaneous
Uses events, news ceremonies teaching
occasions
Why Delivery Matters

The method of delivery can shape the audience's

perception of the speaker and the message. Choosing the
appropriate delivery type based on the occasion, audience,
and content ensures effective communication and
enhances the overall impact of the speech.

C. Principles of Speech Writing

1. Choosing the Topic

Selecting a topic that is relevant, interesting, and

appropriate for the audience and occasion.

Key Considerations:

• Relevance: The topic should be meaningful to

the audience and appropriate for the context.

• Interest: It should capture both the speaker's

passion and the audience's curiosity.
 • Scope: Ensure the topic can be covered within
the allotted time without overwhelming the
audience.

Tips for Choosing a Topic:

• Brainstorm ideas by considering current
events, personal experiences, or audience
preferences.
• Narrow down broad subjects into specific,
manageable themes.
• Ensure the topic resonates with the speech’s
purpose (to inform, persuade, or entertain).

Example:

If the purpose is to persuade, a suitable topic could

be: “The Importance of Recycling in Combating
Climate Change.”

Practice Activity:
Instruction: List three potential topics for a speech
in your class. Explain why each topic is suitable.
2. Analyzing the Audience

Understanding the audience’s demographics,

interests, and needs to tailor your speech
effectively.

Key Considerations:
• Demographics: Age, gender, cultural
background, education level, and occupation.

• Interests: What topics does the audience care

about or find engaging?

• Knowledge Level: Their familiarity with the

subject to avoid oversimplifying or
overcomplicating the content.

• Attitudes and Beliefs: Identifying biases,

opinions, or values that could influence how the
audience perceives the message.
Tips for Audience Analysis:
• Conduct surveys or research to gather
audience information.
• Observe the audience or ask event organizers
for insights.
• Anticipate questions or objections to address
them effectively.

Example:

For a high school audience, using relatable

examples and interactive elements will enhance
engagement.

Practice Activity:

Instruction: Write a paragraph describing an

audience for a school event and how you would
adapt your speech to them.
3. Sourcing the Information

Gathering reliable and accurate data to support

your speech.

Key Considerations:
• Credibility: Use reputable sources like
academic journals, books, or expert opinions.

• Relevance: Ensure the information directly

relates to the topic and supports your key
points.

• Variety: Incorporate diverse types of evidence,

such as statistics, anecdotes, examples, and
quotes.

Tips for Sourcing Information:

• Use multiple sources to avoid bias and provide
a well-rounded perspective.
• Verify facts through cross-referencing.
• Keep track of sources for citations or audience
inquiries.
Example:

For a speech on climate change, data from

reputable organizations like the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) or National
Geographic can enhance credibility.

Practice Activity:

Instruction: Choose one of your topics and list

three sources where you would gather supporting
information.
4. Outlining and Organizing the Speech
Contents

Structuring the speech with a clear introduction,

body, and conclusion for better flow and impact.

Key Components:
• Introduction: Captures attention, introduces
the topic, and provides a preview of the main
points.

• Techniques: Start with a question, a quote, a

startling fact, or a story.

• Body: Develop the main ideas with supporting

details.

• Use a logical sequence, such as chronological,

problem-solution, or cause-effect.

• Limit the body to 2-4 key points for clarity and

focus.
 • Conclusion: Summarizes the speech and
ends with a memorable call to action or
statement.

Tips for Organization:

• Use transitional phrases to connect ideas
smoothly.
• Balance the time allocated for each section of
the speech.
• Practice delivering the speech according to the
outline.

Example Outline:

Topic: “The Role of Technology in Education”

Introduction: Anecdote about a student using a

tablet in class.
 Body:
• Benefits of technology in learning
(engagement, accessibility).
• Challenges of integrating technology (cost,
dependency).
• Future trends in educational technology.

Conclusion: Quote on the transformative power of

technology and a call to embrace innovation.

Practice Activity:

Instruction: Create a simple outline for a speech

on “The Benefits of Reading.” Include 3 main points
with brief explanations.

Additional Tips for Effective Speech Writing

• Use Appropriate Language:

o Match your language to the audience's level
of understanding.
o Avoid jargon unless explaining it clearly.
• Focus on Clarity:
o Use simple and direct sentences to convey
ideas.
o Define terms and avoid ambiguity.

• Be Concise:
o Eliminate unnecessary details to keep the
speech focused and engaging.

• Inject Personality:
o Include personal anecdotes or humor where
appropriate to make the speech relatable.

• Practice Drafting:
• Write multiple drafts to refine the content and
improve its impact.

Why These Principles Matter

Effective speech writing ensures that the

message is not only heard but understood and
remembered. By following these principles,
speakers can craft speeches that resonate with
their audience, achieve their purpose, and leave
 a lasting impression. Whether the goal is to
inform, persuade, or entertain, these principles
provide a solid foundation for success.

D. Principles of Speech Delivery

Speech delivery is the art of presenting a speech

to an audience in a way that communicates the
message effectively and leaves a lasting impact.
It involves more than just saying words; it
includes how the speaker uses their voice, body,
and interaction skills to engage the audience.
Below is a comprehensive discussion of the
principles of speech delivery:

1. Articulation

Articulation refers to the clarity and precision

with which a speaker pronounces words.
Proper articulation ensures that the audience
can understand the message without
confusion.
Key Elements:
o Pronunciation: Saying words correctly
according to standard language rules.

o Enunciation: Speaking distinctly so that

every word is clear.

o Speed and Pacing: Avoid mumbling or

rushing through words.

Importance:
o Prevents misunderstandings.
o Enhances the credibility of the speaker.
o Makes the message accessible to a
diverse audience.

Tips for Effective Articulation:

o Practice difficult words or phrases before
delivering the speech.
o Speak at a moderate pace to give the
audience time to absorb the message.
o Record and listen to yourself to identify
areas for improvement.
Practice Activity:

Instruction: Write three sentences using

challenging words. Practice pronouncing them
clearly and correctly.

2. Modulation

Modulation involves varying the pitch, tone,

volume, and speed of the voice to make the
delivery more dynamic and engaging.

Key Elements:
o Pitch: Adjusting the highness or lowness of
the voice to emphasize emotions or ideas.

o Volume: Using appropriate loudness

depending on the venue and audience
size.

o Tone: Conveying emotions like

enthusiasm, urgency, or empathy through
vocal expression.
 o Pace: Slowing down or speeding up to
emphasize key points.

Importance:
o Keeps the audience’s attention and avoids
monotony.
o Enhances the emotional impact of the
speech.
o Highlights key points effectively.

Tips for Effective Modulation:

o Practice reading with different emotions to
develop vocal flexibility.
o Pause strategically to let important points
sink in.
o Adjust volume and tone to suit the setting
and audience.

Practice Activity:

Instruction: Write a short paragraph of a

speech. Highlight words or phrases where you
would use modulation for emphasis.
3. Stage Presence

Stage presence is the speaker’s ability to

command attention and project confidence
while on stage.

Key Elements:
o Posture: Standing upright conveys
confidence and authority.

o Movement: Purposeful movement can

emphasize points and engage the
audience.

o Confidence: A calm and self-assured

demeanor reassures the audience of the
speaker’s credibility.

Importance:
o Makes a strong first impression.
o Builds the audience’s trust and interest.
o Keeps the audience focused on the
speaker.
Tips for Developing Stage Presence:
o Practice using gestures and movements
that align with the speech content.
o Use the space effectively; avoid staying in
one spot or pacing.
o Maintain a relaxed and approachable
demeanor.

Practice Activity:

Instruction: Write a list of five tips for

maintaining stage presence during a speech.

4. Facial Expressions, Gestures, and

Movements

These non-verbal cues complement spoken

words and add depth to the speech.

Key Elements:
o Facial Expressions: Reflect emotions like
happiness, concern, or excitement to
reinforce the message.
 o Gestures: Hand and arm movements that
emphasize or illustrate key points.

o Body Movements: Movement across the

stage to connect with different sections of
the audience.

Importance:
o Makes the speech visually engaging.
o Helps convey emotions and ideas more
vividly.
o Aligns non-verbal communication with
verbal content for clarity.

Tips for Using Expressions and Gestures:

o Use natural gestures; avoid overacting or
stiff movements.
o Practice in front of a mirror or record
yourself to observe consistency.
o Align gestures with the message to avoid
distracting the audience.
Practice Activity:

Instruction: Describe three scenarios where

specific gestures or facial expressions would
enhance a speech.

5. Rapport with the Audience

Building a connection with the audience by

engaging them and making them feel valued.

Key Elements:
o Eye Contact: Looking directly at the
audience to create a sense of personal
connection.

o Audience Interaction: Asking questions,

using anecdotes, or acknowledging
audience reactions.

o Empathy: Demonstrating understanding of

the audience’s needs and interests.
Importance:
o Establishes trust and credibility.
o Keeps the audience engaged throughout
the speech.
o Makes the message more relatable and
impactful.

Tips for Building Rapport:

o Address the audience directly and
personalize examples or anecdotes.
o Show genuine enthusiasm and interest in
the topic and audience.
o Listen to audience feedback and adapt
your delivery if needed.

Practice Activity:

Instruction: Write a short opening for a speech

that establishes rapport with your audience.
Best Practices for Combining Delivery
Principles

To deliver a speech effectively, these principles

should be integrated and tailored to the
audience and context. Below are some general
tips:

1. Practice and Preparation:

o Rehearse multiple times to master your
content and delivery.
o Record yourself and review areas for
improvement.

2. Adaptability:
o Be ready to adjust your tone, pace, or
content based on audience reactions.
o Address any distractions or unexpected
interruptions smoothly.

3. Feedback:
o Seek constructive feedback from peers or
mentors.
o Use feedback to refine your delivery for
future speeches.
Why These Principles Matter

Effective speech delivery enhances the

speaker’s ability to communicate their
message, build rapport, and leave a lasting
impression on the audience. Mastering these
principles transforms a good speech into a
memorable one, ensuring that the speaker
achieves their goal, whether it’s to inform,
persuade, or entertain.