Importance of Textile Testing
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syeda heebaImportance of Textile Testing
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syeda heebaTTQC
ASSIGNMENT OF
Textile Testing & Quality Control (TTQC)
TOPIC: Textile testing is not an expensive business
Name: Syeda Heeba
Roll Number: 19TE56 (Section-B)
Department: Textile Engineering
Assigned By: Dr.Iftikhar Ali Sahito
Date: 30-Aug-2K22
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1.1 What is Textile Testing?
Textile testing is referred to as testing the quality and suitability of raw materials.
2 Textile testing is not an expensive business:
2.1 Importance of textile testing and quality Control in Industries:
Textile business is a business that requires money, be it raw material, skilled employees,
advanced machinery. And in all of this, people often ignore their testing and quality
management department. Since there is no productive output, it only increases the cost of the
company. Textile testing machines are believed to be expensive. For effective testing, you need a
complete lab with trained operators. To make testing profitable for business, you first need to
figure out the purpose of setting up a lab. You can incorporate testing at various points in the
production cycle where testing can play an important role in improving product quality while
avoiding further processing of substandard items.
2.1.1 Raw material Checking:
➢ Production cycle and quality of any industry is concerned to the raw material used. So,
before using raw material on production floor required testing of raw material is carried
out which Justifies either raw material is eligible to be used on production floor or not.
2.1.2 For Example:
➢ We check according to the raw materials so different fabric have different test like cotton
have different test and polyester required different test.
➢ Cotton grey fabric we check count . If we don’t check count then we can’t make recipe.
Basically, higher picks per inch make a compact, dense and fine fabric. Gray fabric is
sized. Its absorbency is not so much. It is almost hydrophobic, then we check its
absorbency, how much time is it taking? When we pretreat the fabric i.e. desize it, then
we check the absorbency of the fabric.
➢ Shrinkage cause product failure. Therefore, it should be checked. So it is better to check
the degree or percentage of fabric shrinkage otherwise it may deform the fabric.
➢ Singing is the process of burning the protruding fibers from the surface of the fabric thus
improving the performance and wear properties of the fabric. It provides a smooth
surface for dyeing or printing. It is the first and very important textile pretreatment
process on mostly cotton woven fabrics. A white spot or frostbite may then be seen. If
cotton fabric is pre-treated and then dyed without singeing process, a white spot or frost
pattern may be observed after dyeing.
➢ Testing fabric abrasion and pilling is extremely important as it ensures quality and
consistency within the fabric for manufacturers.
➢ Efficiency of desizing will directly affect the thickness of the fabric. Fabric surface/warp
yarn reduce before and after weight of exchange/GSM and thickness after desizing/every
pretreatment process will reduce because impurities are removed in the pretreatment
process.
➢ The iodine drop test (Tegeva test) is used to test desizing efficiency. Tageva scale or
Violet scale with a rating of 1–9. A rating of 1 indicates almost no size removal and a
rating of 9 indicates complete size removal from the fabric. Desizing, the absorption of
the fabric increases. As a result, the fabric can easily absorb chemicals, dye molecules. If
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the size does not remove from the fabric properly, it causes problems with dyeing and
printing, so it is important to check desizing efficiency in TTQC lab.
➢ Similarly, what is the influence of bending length/stiffness on the fabric? The softer the
material, the shorter the bending length. The stiffer the fabric, the longer the bending
length. If a fabric has higher stiffness, it will have less absorbency and also less
Drapebility. It will also influence on linear density and movement capability in the yarn
or weave. So it depends on the end uses like for wearing purpose less stiffness is
required. Before finalizing the bulk production, we should check the stiffness.
➢ After Scouring and bleaching we check pickup %age of the fabric, whiteness of fabric and
PH of fabric. Absorbency of fabric checked by Capillary test and drop test method.
Indicates whether the fabric has achieved whiteness as per the customer’s demand or
not. This test is done with the help of spectrophotometer. Bleached or scoured Cotton
results will absorb more moisture than untreated fabric. So it is very important to check
all of these.
➢ Mercerization is the process to improve luster, strength, dye affinity and so on. It remove
crease. So it is important to test textile strength, luster, shrinkage.
2.2.1 Production Monitoring:
➢ A certain standard level should be maintained to control the increase in waste,
cost increase etc.
2.2.2 For Example:
➢ If we do not check this during production, the final product will not be good.
➢ If chemical treatment is not executed in a controlled way, it has negative influence,
sometimes if over treatment is done. Like If the thickness is reduced more than a limit,
there will be an adverse effect on the fabric.
2.3.1 Final Product's Assessment:
➢ Final products are checked in bulk before shipment to determine whether the product
meets the customer’s specifications.
➢ Although it is too late to change production conditions, improvements can be made.
Errors are built upon to avoid further losses.
2.3.2 For Example:
➢ The specific demands or orders given by the customer. For example, Assume that I have
a customer of Ikea. He gave me a custom sample. He said that I want this pretreat fabric.
I want this construction. I want this finishing. So what will we do? First, we will
investigate the material. What type of material have You used? Then First we will take
out the fabric and check the count of the warp and weft. Then we will match the
requirements of the fabric and keep it as a standard.
Standard follow if the requirements is count 20’s and length is 1000,material is cotton
strength, absorbency, feel it is particular requirements remaining is general
requirements. And if length requirements is less or more that is acceptable like ± 1m
variations. But if the requirement of Strength is 6 and requirement is 5.5 so this not
acceptable.
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➢ If these requirements not match of final product then shipment cancelled and maybe
sell in low price so it is necessary to estimate final product.
➢ To achieve requirements we have to follow some standards. Suppose standard is
ASTM3065 this is to measure the strength. This requirement will be given to you by
customer.
2.4.1 Faulty Material Investigation:
➢ Although textile testing is done to investigate defective materials. Production but if any
defect is found during inspection or complaint is received. It becomes necessary to
separate the cause from the customer.
➢ Investigating the error often clarifies the cause and stage at which the error occurred was
encouraged.
2.4.2 For Example:
➢ Through textile testing we can easily detect machinery and material defects during textile
testing.
➢ CV is more its mean your quality is not good.
➢ If we want less mass variation then we set requirements. There are so many factors
1. Raw materials ( can we make better stock or not this range? )
2. Technician
3. M/c are working properly or not
2.5.1 Product development & Research:
➢ In case of product development it helps in continuous search for new knowledge and
developing new products.
➢ R&D basically a ratio of quality and cost.
2.5.2 For Example:
➢ Until we will not launch fabric. Unless we don’t do research and development. If we don’t
launch anything and continue to provide a regular product in the market, people will not
take interest after a few years, so there is no sustainability in the market.
➢ Development in a product that has good quality and minimum cost. If the cost is
minimum you will be able to sell easily.
➢ Tangible value to improve quality and reduce cost.
Conclusion:
So the conclusion is that textile testing is not an expensive business. We can not
eliminate textile testing from any textile industry b/c if at one handle it is expensive, on
the other hand it helps to improve the quality of the final products, reproducibility of
product is impossible and also we can’t satisfy our customers or buyers.
Textile testing does not give us productive o/p, if we do not test, many losses can occur.
Our loss will be in trillions. Therefore, testing plays important role in textile business.
References:
This data have been collected by book and goggle in my words. Which is given below:
https://www.scribd.com
Reference books: Introduction of Textile Testing & Advanced textile testing
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