Scribd
Upload
4 views2 pages

Module 10. Peace in History

Tnx

Uploaded by

Kevin Edwin Orfanel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views2 pages

Module 10. Peace in History

Tnx

Uploaded by

Kevin Edwin Orfanel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY – GOA CAMPUS

Title of Module: Peace in History: Periodization of Peace, Classical Peace, Peace History in the 20 th Century, Peace in
the Modern Age
Name of Student: ______________________ Week No.
Course Code: GEE4 Name of Faculty: DR. ERNESTO V. VILLANOBO JR.
Course Title: GENDER AND SOCIETY WITH PEACE EDUCATION

Objectives:

At the end of the module, students are expected to:


1. Discuss the history of peace in the world: Classical Peace, Peace History in the 20th Century, Peace in the
modern age

Lesson:

Peace in History: Periodization of Peace, Classical Peace, Peace History in the 20 th Century, Peace in the
Modern Age

Introduction

Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense,
peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between
individuals or groups. Throughout history leaders have used peacemaking and diplomacy to establish a certain
type of behavioral restraint that has resulted in the establishment of regional peace or economic growth through
various forms of agreements or peace treaties. Such behavioral restraint has often resulted in the reduction of
conflicts, greater economic interactivity, and consequently substantial prosperity.

History
In ancient times and more recently, peaceful alliances between different nations were codified through royal marriages.
Two examples, Hermodike I c.800BC[4] and Hermodike II c.600BC[5] were Greek princesses from the house
of Agamemnon who married kings from what is now Central Turkey. The union of Phrygia / Lydia with Aeolian
Greeks resulted in regional peace, which facilitated the transfer of ground-breaking technological skills into Ancient
Greece; respectively, the phonetic written script and the minting of coinage (to use a token currency, where the value is
guaranteed by the state).[6] Both inventions were rapidly adopted by surrounding nations through further trade and
cooperation and have been of fundamental benefit to the progress of civilization.
Since classical times, it has been noted that peace has sometimes been achieved by the victor over the vanquished by the
imposition of ruthless measures. In his book Agricola the Roman historian Tacitus includes eloquent and vicious polemics
against the rapacity and greed of Rome. One, that Tacitus says is by the Caledonian chieftain Calgacus, ends Auferre
trucidare rapere falsis nominibus imperium, atque ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant. (To ravage, to slaughter, to
usurp under false titles, they call empire; and where they make a desert, they call it peace. — Oxford Revised Translation).
World peace, or peace on Earth, is the concept of an ideal state of happiness, freedom and peace within and among all
people and nations on Planet Earth. This idea of the world non-violence is one motivation for people and nations to
willingly cooperate, either voluntarily or by virtue of a system of governance that has this objective. Different cultures,
religions, philosophies, and organizations have varying concepts on how such a state would come about.
Various religious and secular organizations have the stated aim of achieving world peace through addressing human rights,
technology, education, engineering, medicine, or diplomacy used as an end to all forms of fighting. Since 1945, the United
Nations and the five permanent members of its Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and
the United States) have operated under the aim to resolve conflicts without war or declarations of war. None the
less, nations have entered numerous military conflicts since then.
PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH
The term is traced back to the Roman Emperor Hadrian (reigned AD 117 – 138) but the concept is as old as recorded
history. In the Indian Epic Ramayana, considered 7000 years old, Lord Rama is quoted as saying "Bhay Bin Hoye na
Preet" meaning once prayers for peace fail, one may need to instill fear to bring peace. In 1943, at the peak of World
War II, the founder of the Paneuropean Union, Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, argued that after the war the United
States is bound to take "command of the skies" to ensure the lasting world peace:
But the inauguration of such a glorious century of peace demands from us abandonment of old conceptions of peace.
The new Angel of Peace must no longer be pictured as a charming but helpless lady with an olive branch in her hand,
but like the Goddess of Justice with a balance in her left and a sword in her right; or like the Archangel Michael, with a
fiery sword and wings of steel, fighting the devil to restore and protect the peace of heaven.

MARXISM:WORLD PEACE VIA WORLD RESOLUTION


According to the dialectic materialist theory of Karl Marx, humanity under capitalism is divided into just two classes:
the proletariat - who do not possess the means of production, and the bourgeoisie - who do possess the means of
production. Once the communist revolution occurs and consequently abolishes the private propriety of the means of
production, humanity will not be divided and the tension created between these two classes will cease. Through a
period called socialism, the rule of the proletariat will dissolve the last vestiges of capitalism and will help to make the
revolution worldwide. Once private propriety has been abolished worldwide, the state will no longer be needed to
act as a monopoly of violence and will therefore disappear. Organizations of workers will take their place and manage
the production of things, but no organization will have any military power, a police force, nor prisons.
The main principle of Marx's theory is that material conditions limit spiritual conditions. Should their material
conditions allow it, people around the world will not be violent but respectful, peaceful, and altruistic. In a state of
communism, they will no longer need to live for survival, but for their own spiritual fulfillment.
CAPITALISM PEACE THEORY
In her essay "The Roots of War", Ayn Rand held that the major wars of history were started by the more controlled
economies of the time against the freer ones and that capitalism gave mankind the longest period of peace in history
—a period during which there were no wars involving the entire civilized world—from the end of the Napoleonic
wars in 1815 to the outbreak of World War I in 1914, with the exceptions of the Franco-Prussian War (1870),
the Spanish–American War (1898), and the American Civil War (1861–1865), which notably occurred in perhaps the
most liberal economy in the world at the beginning of the industrial revolution.
United Nations Charter and international law
After World War II, the United Nations was established by the United Nations Charter to "save successive generations
from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind" (Preamble).
The Preamble to the United Nations Charter also aims to further the adoption of fundamental human rights, to
respect obligations to sources of international law as well as to unite the strength of independent countries in order
to maintain international peace and security. All treaties on international human rights law make reference to or
consider "the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of
the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and "peace
in the world".

International Day of Peace


The International Day of Peace, sometimes called World Peace Day, is observed annually on 21 September. It is
dedicated to peace, and specifically the absence of war and violence, and can be celebrated by a temporary ceasefire
in a combat zone. The International Day of Peace was established in 1981 by the United Nations General Assembly.
Two decades later, in 2001, the General Assembly unanimously voted to designate the day as a day of preventing
violence and a cease-fire. The celebration of this day is recognized by many nations and people. In 2013, for the first
time, the day has been dedicated to peace education, i.e. by the key preventive means to reduce war sustainably.

References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_peace

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved:

ERNESTO V. VILLANOBO JR.,PhD EMELINA R. PADAYAO, SE


FACULTY PROGRAM DIRECTOR DEAN

You might also like