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Exercise 3.2

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10 views

Exercise 3.2

Uploaded by

Utibe Ikpembe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXERCISE 3.

2 – CIRCUIT CURRENT

Exercise Objective

 To describe and measure current by using a simple circuit.

DISCUSSION

Electrons in their free state generate electrical current. The passage or motion of electrons from one
location to another through a conductor is referred to as current. Conductors, including copper, comprise
electrons that are loosely bonded. In the absence of an applied potential difference across a copper
conductor, the electrons exhibit stochastic motion, thereby impeding the flow of current. These electrons
are compelled to orbit from the negative to the positive terminal of the conductive wire when a potential
difference is established between the opposing extremities.

Electrons are repelled from terminal 1 and attracted to terminal 2 due to the presence of a negative charge
at terminal 1 and a positive charge at terminal 2. The reciprocating movement of electrons constitutes the
electric current. Electrons discharge from terminal 1 of the battery and proceed into the copper wire. At
terminal 2, electrons exit the conductor and enter the battery. Proficiency in electricity measurement is
essential for comprehension. Multiple units of measurement exist for electricity. Current (l) is quantified
in units of the ampere. (A), where "a" denotes the quantity of electrons traversing a specific point within
the duration of one second. Coulombs (C) are utilised to quantify electrical charge (Q). One ampere of
current is equivalent to the flow rate of one coulomb per second, since one ampere of current requires one
second of charge to produce one coulomb.

A coulomb is defined as the quantity of charge that passes through a point in one second, resulting in a
current of one ampere. The quantity of electrons that must pass is equivalent to 6.28 x 10 18 electrons.
There are two categories for electric current. The kind of equipment required depends on where it is being
used. For example, most portable electronic devices, including transistor radios and small tape recorders,
run on direct current (DC). One may characterise the flow of electrons as being in a constant direction.
The other kind of current is called alternating current, or simply ac. In most homes and most industrial
sites, alternating current is used. The alternating current (AC) flow alternates continuously between a
positive and a negative direction. To operate appliances or large electrical equipment, electrical current
must be transported from the generating station to our homes or places of business via alternating current.
Direct current is less expensive than this method.

When calculating the current flow in an electrical circuit, two factors are taken into account: the voltage
applied to the circuit and the circuit's total resistance. As long as the circuit's resistance stays constant,
variations in the voltage applied to it might result in changes to the circuit's current. As long as the
applied voltage remains constant, variations in the circuit resistance have the ability to alter the current
flowing through the circuit.

PROCEDURE

1. The power sources were turned off. The DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board was inserted into
the base unit and the power sources turned on.
2. The OHM'S LAW circuit block was located on the DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board. A two-
post connector was inserted between resistors R1 and R2, and a voltmeter was connected across
the variable battery.
3. The positive supply control was adjusted on the base unit for approximately 0V on the voltmeter.
4. The voltmeter was removed from the circuit. A DC milliamp was selected on the multimeter. The
ammeter was connected between the two test points (separated by dashed lines) above the battery.
5. The current reading was recorded:
I = 0.000mA
6. The positive supply control was adjusted until the ammeter read 1.0. The ammeter reading
indicates 1 mA
7. The voltage at the battery was measured and recorded: E = 1.73V
8. The voltage was adjusted to 5Vdc. The circuit current was measured and recorded. The
multimeter was placed in series as in step 4. Current I = 3mA
9. When the applied voltage increased, the current increased.
10. The positive supply voltage control was adjusted from minimum to maximum (CCW to CW).
The minimum and maximum current values were recorded as follows:
Minimum = 0mA; maximum = 7mA
11. The multimeter was set to read voltage. The minimum and maximum applied voltage was
measured and recorded:
Maximum = 10.41V; minimum = 0.092V
12. The amount of circuit current varies directly with the amount of voltage in steps 10 and 11?
13. The power supply was turned off, and all circuit board connections were removed.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Current (I) is the flow of electrons in an electrical circuit.


2. Current flows from the negative terminal of the power source, through a conductor, and back to
the positive terminal of the power source.
3. The ampere (A) is the unit of measure for current, and an ammeter is used to measure the current.
4. When an ammeter is connected in series with a circuit and when circuit resistance remains the
same, current varies directly with variations in the applied voltage.
5. Scientific notation expresses large or small electrical quantities in a simplified way.

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