Introduction to

Environmental
Pollution

Rina Resnawati
Kimia Dasar Lingkungan
 The addition of contaminants into the natural environment that causes
detrimental effects to nature, natural resources and mankind.
Environmental
Any unnatural and negative changes in all the dimensions like chemical,
Pollution?? physical and biological characteristics of any component of the
ecosystem i.e. air, water or soil which can cause harmful effects on
various forms of life and property is called environmental pollution.
 Environmental Pollutant??
Primary pollutants

Those which remain in the form in

1 which they were added to the
environment for ex. DDT, Plastic

Pollutant:
Any substance which causes Secondary pollutants
harmful effects or uneasiness in
the organisms and environment Secondary pollutants are formed due to
interaction of primary pollutants amongst
2 themselves viz. PAN by the interaction of NOx
& Hydrocarbons.
 Other Perspective of Pollutant
Nature of
Origin Disposal
1. Man-made Pollutants 1. Biodegradable Pollutants
2. Natural Pollutants 2. Non-biodegradable Pollutants

Material
1. Persistent pollutants: Those pollutants which remain
Existence
1. Quantitative Pollutants: These
consistent in the environment for a long period of time
substances are already present in
without any change in its original form are called persistent the atmosphere but they become
pollutants. For example pesticides, nuclear wastes, and pollutant when their concentration
plastics etc. level reaches to a particular level
2. Non-persistent pollutants: These pollutants are the which is above a threshold limit.
opposite of persistent pollutant and break down in the 2. Qualitative Pollutants: These
simple form. If this process of breaking down is done by are man-made pollutants eg.
living organisms, then such pollutants are referred to as Fungicides, herbicides
biodegradable pollutants.
 Types of pollution
We Create
Professional Presentation Air Pollution
01

Hazardous 05 02 Water Pollution

Waste
Noise and Vibration
04 03 Soil Pollution
Pollution
Odor Pollution
Air Pollution
 The presence of one or more
disadvantageous content in such
quantity and for such duration, as
it is catastrophic, or tend to be
catastrophic, to human health and
welfare, animal or plant life.

What is air
pollution??
It is the contaminants of air by the discharge of
detrimental substances.
 Air Pollutant
Pollutant Source Effect
Nitrogen oxides Industries, vehicles and pow Problems in the lungs, respiratory systems and causes
er plants asthma and bronchitis.
Carbon monoxide Emission and burning of fos Severe headache, irritation to mucous membrane,
sil fuels unconsciousness and death

Carbon dioxide Burning of fossil fuels Vision problem, severe headache and heart strain

Suspended particulate Vehicular emission and burni Lung irritation reduces development of RBC and
matter ng of fossil fuels pulmonary malfunctioning.
Sulphur oxide Industries and power plant Irritation in eyes and throat, allergies, cough etc.

Smog Industries and vehicular poll Respiratory and eye problems

ution

Hydrocarbons Burning of fossil fuels Kidney problems, irritation in eyes, nose and throat, asth
ma, hypertension and carcinogenic effects on lungs.

Chlorofluorocarbons Refrigerators, emission from Depletion of ozone layer, global warming

jets
O t h e r
pollutants
cadmium, lead, mercury,
silica, coal dust and
particles and radioactive
pollutants
C o n t r o l Policy measures
.

Measures Modification of industrial process and selection of

suitable fuels and its utilization
.

Collection of pollutants and convert it into less

toxic forms by different methods.
Government initiatives

• National air quality monitoring

programme (NAMP)
• National ambient air quality
standards (NAAQS)
Water Pollution
 • Addition of certain
substances such as organic,
inorganic, biological and
radiological to the water,
which degrades the water
quality and makes it
unhealthy for use

• Water pollution is not only

confined to surface water
but also spread to
groundwater, sea and
What is water ocean.

Pollution ??
 Source of Water Pollution
These are directly pointed These sources are related
towards the water bodies Point Source to many diffuse sources
Non-point
from the source of origin Source and are thus difficult to
of pollution and are thus regulate
easy to regulate

Infographics
Some of the
sources

• Industrial and community wastewater:

Industries like mining, iron and steel,
pharmaceuticals, food processing, soap and
detergent and paper and pulp.

• Agricultural sources, thermal pollution

(discharge of hot water by thermal power
plants cause deficiency of dissolved oxygen
in water) and underground water pollution. LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
SIT AMET,
• Marine pollution: river discharge, CU USU AGAM
manmade pollution and oil spills etc. INTEGRE IMPEDIT.
Effect of
Excess of nitrate in
Water An excessive amount of
mercury in water can
drinking water is
dangerous for infants
cause Minamata disease
Pollution in humans and dropsy in
fishes; Lead in large
and human health,
excess fluoride cause
neuromuscular disorder
amount can cause
and teeth deformity,
dyslexia, Cadmium
hardening of bones and
poisoning causes Itai –
painful joints
Itai disease etc.

Polluted water has less

amount of Dissolved Biological magnification
oxygen (DO) content and eutrophication
which is important for
sensitive organisms,
thereby eliminates
sensitive organisms.
 Control measures
• Excessive
use of • Usage of water
should be minimized
pesticides by changing the
techniques involved.
and fertilizers
should be • Recycling and
treatment of water
avoided. should be used to the
maximum extent
possible.
• Organic
farming and • The quantity of
discharge of
efficient use of wastewater can be
animal residues minimized.

as fertilizers.
Soil Pollution
Soil Pollution
Addition of unwanted substances to the soil which
negatively affects physical, chemical and biological
properties of soil and reduces its productivity is
called soil pollution.

The factors which disturb the

biological balance of the soil and
deteriorate the quality,
texture and mineral content are
called soil pollutants.
Use of fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, dumping
of solid waste, deforestation and pollution due to
urbanization and other anthropogenic substances
causes soil pollution.
Source

Industrial waste: lead, cadmium, mercury,

alkalies, organic substances and chemicals.
.
Agricultural waste: fertilizers, pesticides,
insecticides and manures.

Discarded materials and radioactive elements

and plastic bags.
Effect

• Agriculture: It reduces soil fertility and thus crop yields;

increase soil erosion and salinity.

• Ecological imbalance and imbalance in flora and fauna

further increases.

• Problems in urban areas like clogging in drains, release of

gases, foul smells and problems in wastewater
management.

• Release of radioactive rays, biomagnification and

pollutant gases cause health problems.
Control • Afforestation, reforestation and use of organic
farming
measures
• Solid waste management and reduction of
waste from the construction area.

• Stop the use of plastic bags and use bags of

degradable materials like paper and cloth.

• Biomedical waste should be collected and

incinerated in incinerators.
Odour Pollution
 • Odour can be defined as the “perception of smell” or in scientific terms as “a
sensation resulting from the reception of stimulus by the olfactory sensory
Odour system”.
• Whether pleasant or unpleasant, odours are induced by inhaling air-borne volatile
organic or inorganic substances.
 The most common sources of
odour are:
• landfills
• food processing plants
• chemical industries
• poor treatment of sewage.
Other sources of odour can
include:
• composting
• manufacturing
• agriculture
• drilling
• coal-fired power stations
• animal farms and facilities
• rendering plants
• waste treatment
Source of Odour • coffee roasters
• bakeries
• breweries.
 In most cases, odour pollution doesn’t have long-term health effects. Odour can be
uncomfortable, leading to:
Effect of • headaches
• nausea
Odour • vomiting.
Odours can also make it unpleasant to go outside or open windows. The more often,
Pollution strong and ongoing an odour is, the more it can impact the community
Noise Pollution
Noise Pollution

Unwanted or excessive sound that can have

deleterious effects on human health and
environmental quality
Source of Noise pollution:
Natural : Wind, Thunder,
Movement of water etc,.
Manmade: Industries, Domestic,
Traffic, Construction,
etc,.
 ❖ Unwanted sound (noise) can damage psychological
health.
Noise ❖ Noise pollution can cause annoyance and aggression,
pollution hypertension, high stress levels, hearing loss, sleep
affects disturbances, and other harmful effects.
 Adultery effects:
• First ear effected
• Deafness
• Permanent hear
losing
Non adultery
effects :
• Disturbances
• Sleeping problem
• Physiological
Effect of Noise Pollution disorders
Control • Reducing in sources of noise (
measures Heavy Vehicles, Old motor
vehicles)
• Machines should be kept in
containers
• Using sound absorbing silencers
• Planting more trees
• Through law
Hazardous waste
Pollution
Hazardous waste

Hazardous waste as a liquid, solid, sludge, or containerized gas

waste substance that due to its quantity, concentration, or
chemical properties may cause significant threats to human
health or the environment if managed improperly

http://www.pollutionissues.com/Fo-Hi/Hazardous-
Waste.html#ixzz6IxiyaB69
Hazardous waste characteristic
A substance be regarded as
Hazardous Waste if it is:
• explosive,
• oxidizing,
• extremely flammable,
• highly flammable,
• flammable,
• extremely toxic,
• highly toxic,
• moderately toxic,
• harmful,
• corrosive,
• irritant,
• dangerous to the environment,
• carcinogenic,
• teratogenic,
• mutagenic.
Hazardous Waste
Categorization in
Indonesia The types of Hazardous waste (Limbah Berbahaya dan
Beracun, LB3) encompass:

a. Hazardous waste from a non-specific source;

involved in industrial processes such as spent
halogenated solvents

b. Hazardous waste from a specific source; such as

untreated wastewater from the production of the herbicide
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,-d)

c. Hazardous waste and expired chemicals, spilling,

used package, and disposed products that fail to fulfill
specifications. → commercial chemical products that may
be discarded (such as benzene) used in the manufacture
of drugs, detergents, lubricants, dyes and pesticides
Sources of hazardous waste:
• industry,
• research,
• medical,
• household,
• chemical producers,
• agriculture, and
• mining, etc
Disposal • landfills,
Options • injection wells,
..After Waste • incineration,
Minimization and
Recycling…
• bioremediation
Thank You