Science 9

Quarter 1-Week 6
BIODIVERSITY (Causes of Species Extinction, Environmental
Changes Resulting To Loss of Species)
OBJECTIVES

1. differentiate endangered, threatened, and extinct species

2. give and describe causes of species extinction
3. identify the different environmental changes
4. distinguish environmental changes that may result in the loss
of the species
5. relate how changes in the environment affect the continued
survival of the species
Endangered vs Threatened vs Extinct
Endangered, Threatened, Extinct

Threatened species – are species that are declining so much like

animals, plants and fungi and it is likely to become endangered if
not protected.
Endangered, Threatened, Extinct

Threatened species

Reasons for Cross River gorilla being

considered as one of the threatened
species include:
• Overhunting
• Forest fires
• Loss of genetic diversity, due to their
small population and even smaller
grouping size (4-7 individuals)
Endangered, Threatened, Extinct

Threatened species

Illegal Wildlife Trade.

Of all the threats facing black rhinos, poaching
is the deadliest. Today, black rhinos remain
threatened because of rising demand
for rhino horn, from some Asian consumers,
particularly in Vietnam and China, who use
them in folk remedies.
Endangered, Threatened, Extinct

Threatened species

Pandas are endangered mainly due to habitat loss.

Humans have cleared much of the bamboo forests
that pandas need to survive. Because pandas eat
only bamboo, they cannot adapt to live outside of
those forests the way other animals do, unless the
pandas are provided with bamboo.
Endangered, Threatened, Extinct

Endangered species – are species that is likely to become extinct in

the near future.
Endangered, Threatened, Extinct

Endangered species

Hawksbill sea turtles’ low survival

rates in the wild are caused by
natural predators and, recently,
exacerbated by rising sea levels.
Another key threat is poaching for
their meat and shells.
Endangered, Threatened, Extinct

Endangered species

The Amur leopard is threatened

by poaching, poaching of prey
species, habitat loss and
deforestation or exploitation of
forests. Its natural habitat is
threatened by forest fires and
construction of new roads.
Endangered, Threatened, Extinct

Endangered species

In the past twenty years, the

Bornean orangutans' habitat has
been reduced to about 45% of its
original size. This habitat
destruction is one of the main
causes of the critically endangered
status of the Bornean orangutan.
Endangered Species
Endangered Species
Endangered Species
Endangered Species

Some of the Philippines' critically endangered plant species include the

following:

•Dendrobium schuetzei: An orchid species with white flowers, found

only on Mindanao Island.
•Alocasia atropurpurea: An endemic small plant with large leaves.
•Hopea philippinensis: A small rainforest tree.
•Cycas wadei: A small palm-like tree.
Endangered, Threatened, Extinct

Extinct species – are organisms that have become extinct, either in

the wild or have become completely disappeared from earth.
Endangered, Threatened, Extinct

In a study conducted by field biologists on population size and

distribution of Philippine fauna, they reported that as of 1991, 89
species of birds, 44 species of mammals, and eight species of reptiles
are internationally recognized as threatened. These include also the
Philippine Eagle or Monkey-eating Eagle in the list of Philippine
Endangered Species. (Source: cf. Rabago, L. et.al. Functional Biology:
Modular Approach. 2nd ed)
Causes of Species Extinction

What do you think are the causes of species

extinction based from our discussion?
Causes of Species Extinction
- can be natural or human causes
Causes of Species Extinction

DEFORESTATION
Causes of Species Extinction

1. DEFORESTATION -is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the

land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

Causes of Deforestation:
a. kaingin farming – means clearing
by the cutting down and burning
of trees and plant growth in an
area for cultivation purposes
Causes of Species Extinction

1. DEFORESTATION -is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the

land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

Causes of Deforestation:
b. illegal logging - is the harvesting,
processing, transporting, buying or
selling of timber in contravention of
national and international laws.
Causes of Species Extinction

1. DEFORESTATION -is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the

land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

Causes of Deforestation:
c. conversion of agricultural land to
housing
Causes of Species Extinction

1. DEFORESTATION -is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the

land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.
Causes of Deforestation:
d. typhoon – strong winds can cause trees to be uprooted and
smashed down
Causes of Species Extinction

1. DEFORESTATION -is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the

land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.
Effects of Deforestation
a. soil erosion - is defined as the wearing away of topsoil.
Causes of Species Extinction

1. DEFORESTATION -is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the

land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.
Effects of Deforestation
b. flood - is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually
dry
Causes of Species Extinction

1. DEFORESTATION -is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the

land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.
Effects of Deforestation
c. depletion of wildlife resources - the major cause of it is due to loss of
habitat that will eventually lead to extinction
Causes of Species Extinction

1. DEFORESTATION -is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the

land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.
Effects of Deforestation
d. Wildlife depletion - is the loss of wild animals through over hunting,
deforestation and human expansion through urbanization
Causes of Species Extinction

2. POLLUTION
• WATER
• AIR
• LAND
Causes of Species Extinction

WATER POLLUTION- occurs when harmful substances often chemicals or

microorganisms contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other
body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the
environment.
Causes of Species Extinction

Effects of Water Pollution

a. Eutrophication - happens when the concentration of organic nutrients that
comes from domestic garbage and thrown in bodies of water, increases
rapidly. This is supposed to be a slow process, but man’s activities hasten it up.
Causes of Species Extinction

Effects of Water Pollution

b. Mass death of fish or fish kill - usually happens when there`s an increase in
concentration of organic nutrients in bodies of water – this condition causes
algal bloom and growth of aquatic plants. When the algae die, they sink to the
bottom and the process of decomposition proceeds. This process uses up
oxygen and as a result, aquatic animals die due to lack of oxygen.

• PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) - one class of dangerous chemicals present in

water,
• toxic waste produced in the making of paints, inks and electrical insulators
• fish are unable to excrete PCB on their bodies
Causes of Species Extinction
Causes of Species Extinction

AIR POLLUTION -cars are one of the major contributors to air pollution.
Pollutants can enter the air as gases, liquids or solids. Cars burn fuel and
produce harmful gases: carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons
Causes of Species Extinction
Causes of Species Extinction

3. DESTRUCTION OF COASTAL RESOURCES - Coral reefs and coastal mangrove

forest in the Philippines serve as breeding grounds and nurseries of marine
fishes. Due to man`s activities, coastal areas are getting destroyed.

These activities include:

• deforestation, agricultural activities, and mining activities
• dynamite fishing and muro-ami
• coastal areas` conversion to beach resorts,
• over harvesting
COASTAL DESTRUCTION
Causes of Species Extinction

4. ACID PRECIPITATION - commonly known as acid rain. - Rainwater is normally

acidic, because carbon dioxide is normally present. - Other pollutants, mostly
sulfur and nitrogen oxides, make rainwater even more acidic, with pH of 5.6 or
lower Acid Rain, can be harmful to living things.

Effects:
• It causes yellowing of leaves of trees and cause leaves to fall.
• Nutrients can be lost from the soil.
Save Endangered and Threatened Species

How will you help save endangered and

threatened species?
Save Endangered and Threatened Species
7 Things You Can Do to Save Endangered and Threatened Species

1. Learn about the natural environment and endangered species.

2. Make your home wildlife friendly.
3. Plant an indigenous garden.
4. Recycle and only buy from sustainable sources.
5. Slow down when driving.
6. Never purchase goods made from endangered species.
7. Protect wildlife habitats.