THAT

USED THAT AFTER MENTAL ACTIVITIES

Assume, believe, decide discover,

expect, feel, find (out), guess, hear,
hope, imagine know, learn, notice, read,
realize, recognize, say, see, show,

CLAUS
supposed, think, understand

PRESENT When the main clause is in present, the that

clause is in present.

EXPRESS A FACT OR GENRAL

VERBS TRUTH
S + V (Present)+ THAT+ S + be (am is are)

(In the main clauses)

When the main clause is in present, the that When the main clause is in present, the that
clause is in past. clause is in future.

DESCRIBE A DESCRIBE A
PAST EVENT FUTURE EVENT
S + V (Present)+ THAT+ S + V(past) S + V (Present)+ THAT+ S + (am is are) going to

PAST
When the main clause is in past, the that
clause is in past.

DESCRIBE A EVENT OR IDEA

VERBS
THAT HAPPENED IN SAME TIME
S + V (Past)+ THAT+ S + was / were

(In the main clauses)

 When the main clause is in past, the that
When the main clause is in past, the that
clause is in past perfect.
clause is in present.
THE EVENT HAPPENED BEFORE
EXPRESS UNIVERSAL TRUTH
THE EVENT IN MAIN CLAUSE
OR FACT APPLIES

When the event the that clauses happened after

the main clauses use AFTER
WOULD OR
WAS/WERE GOING TO
ADJETIVES
EXPRESS CERTAINTY OR



EMOTIONS
Subject + be ( am is are) + C / E
It + be ( am is are) + C/E
AFTER
NOUNS
Certain, clear, evident, (un)fortunate,
interesting, (un)like, surprising, understandable

EXPRESS THOUGHS AND IDEAS USED COMMONLY NOUN

Such as belief, felling impression and possibility Concern, difference, hope, idea, impression,
point, problem, saying and views
 It / There + was/ is + Noun
 The noun+ be(present or past) + that
Many Americans feel that nothing
is impossible
He knows that I am a dentist.
Teacher says that the grammar is
fun

I assume that you are going to do

more research I don't know that she said it

She hope that you are going to the He knows that I stayed in house
trip

She believed that I was right.

I believed that he was innocent.

She said that she had paid the Scientist discovered that DNA
dues holds the code for life.
I heard that she had failed in test
I discovered that she hadn’t buy a Who discovered that the Earth is
car round and not flat?

I heard that a famous was going to

would be speaking a conference
She believed that the museum
was going to open in weekend

I am clear that she went to school

It is evident that many other

cultures have influenced US
culture.

The problem whit the There is no possibility that the

individualism is that a person teacher changes to day the test.
might not work in a group well.
The point is that the U.S is a very
It was our impression that the
large country
historian was wrong
 WH -
USED AS SUBJECTS, DIRECT OBJECT OR
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION

 S+ V+ wh word+ S+ V
 Wh word + S + V ( use a who, what
and which)

WORD
USED AFTER THE USED PREPOSITIONS

Thoughts and opinions: consider,

know, remember Including, care about, decide on, find out
about, learn about, read about, and see
Learning and perception: figure out,
about.
find out, see, understand, wonder.

Emotion: care, doubt, hate, like, love

NOUN For reduced word, you can use the verbs in

infinitive

CLUSES S + V + wh word + infinitive ( to+V)

INFINITIVE
 I don’t know where she is live

I find out about when was the test. She wonders what bus she takes
for to go by airport
We read about which the teacher
wrote in our project. What happened next is going to
surprise you

We’re not sure who to ask for

information.
I don't know what to do now
 IF
THIS CLAUSES IS SIMILAR A YES/ NO
QUESTIONS

 S+ V+ if / whether + S+V

/WHET
USE “OR NOT” USED AFTER THE

In the final or the if / whether clauses Thoughts and opinions: know,

remember
In after de whether clause
Learning and perception: figure out,
USE “OR”
find out
In the middle or clauses for introduce two opinions
Emotion: care, doubt, matter, mind

NOUN
USED PREPOSITIONS

Including care about, decide on, find out

about, learn about, read about, and see
about. CLUSES
(don’t use if after the proportions)

INFINITIVE
For reduced word, you can use the verbs in
infinitive

S + V + whether + infinitive ( to+V)

I don’t decide If I going to the travel I don't know if/ whether the
package has arrived yet or not.
We couldn't find out if we have
classes in the afternoon I don't know whether or not the
package has arrived yet.
She doubted whether someone
have her book. We don’t know whether the
package arrives today or tomorrow

He should know about whether

the meet with the boss is going to
Friday or not

They don't know whether to travel

the next month
 DIRECT USE QUESTION MARK
Do you know….? , Can you tell me ….?

QUESTION Would you know….? Could you tell me …?

Will you tell me …?

S USE STATEMENT WORD

INDIRECT COMMON PHRASES
I want to find out… I’d like to know…

QUESTION I don’t know… I wonder..

S
Can you tell me if she went out
last night?
Please tell me where the
bookshop was?

I wonder where the train station is.

I’d like to know if we need to stay

at 7 pm in the office.
DIRECT
REPEAT PEOPLE’S EXACT
WORDS
Use the verb SAID with comma (,) and then
open and closed quotation marks (“.”)

SPEEC
Can use a reporting clause in the start, the end
or in the middle

Use the same form the verb

ASK
INDIRE
CT
KEEP ORIGINAL REPORTING VERBS
Facts or general truths
Use a present in two sentences
Habits and routines
When the event is in present or is an
Actions in progress important moment.

Use quotes

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

P.CONTINUOUS –
PRESENT – PAST PT.CONTINUOUS
Be (am is are) + V ING - Be (was were) + VING
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

P.PERFECT – PAST SIMPLE –

PT.PERFECT PT.PERFECT
Has + VPP- Had + V PP V Past – Had + V PP

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

WILL- WOULD CAN –COULD

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
MUST – HAD TO
MAY – MIGTH

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH SHOULD, MIGHT,

HAVE TO–HAD TO OUGHT TO, COULD
 REPORTIN When make a report speech use tell whit noun
or pronoun.

S + SAID+ (THAT)+S+V+O

G S+TOLD+NOUN /PRONUN+(THAT)
+S+V+O

VERBS
VERBS IN PLACE OF SAY
VERBS IN PLACE OF TELL
Admit, announce, complain, exclaim,
explain, mention, remark, reply, report, Assure, convince, inform, notify, and
state and swear. remind

(when use a pronoun use to after verbs)

TIME AND DIRECT SPEECH

NOW- THEN
INDIRECT SPEECH

TODAY-THATDAY

PLACE HERE –THERE

THIS-THAT

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

TOMORROW – NEXT DAY LET- SHOUL TO BE ALLOWED

NEXT WEEK- NEXT WEEK
YESTERDAY- BEFORE DAY
THIS WEEK- LAST WEEK
 He said, “I am looking for his keys.”
“I always wear a coat”, she said He asked, “What do you do?”
“We do well this year”, said they,
“we get a sales bonus”

She said (that) she could speak

English
Everybody always say, “Employees
need to be motivated” She told me that she could speak
English

She told me, “They invite us” “I like classic music” said He

She told me that they invited us at He admitted that he liked classic

their house. music

She notified me that they invited us He confess to our he liked classic

at their house. music
INDIRE
USE WHEN PEOPLE ASKED
Use with yes/ no questions and
information questions

CT
USE NOUN OR PRONOUN
After the Ask to direct object INDIRE
CT
INDIRECT WITH INDIRECT WITH NOT
INFINITIVE INFINITIVE
Uses ask, tell or say Uses tell or say

REPORT ADVICE USE NOUN OR PRONOUN

Use modal verbs such as should Always after tell
For report use tell or say + not After ask for to show who the object
infinitive is or request
 REQUE
He asked, “Are you living in
London?”
He asked if/ whether they were living
in London.

STS
She asked, “When you arrive?”
She asked he when he arrived

Asked (she, he, it, we, they)

Asked (me, him, her, them, us)

“Don’t use the cell in class,” said “Please turn on the light,” said she
Teacher.
She said to turn on the light
Teacher said not to use the cell in
She told me to turn on the light
class
She asked me to turn on the light
Teacher told us not to use the cell in
class

“You shouldn’t eat fast food,” said

Told/ asked (she, he, it, we, they) the doctor

Told/ asked (me, him, her, them, us) Doctor told me not to eat fast food
Doctor said not to eat fast food
COMMONG Tell: contar / decir
Request: solisitar / pedir
Order: ordenar / pedir

REPORTING Ask: preguntar

Allow: permitir

VERBS
Forbid / forbade: prohibir Say (something to someone )
She said that to me
Want: querer / desear
Suggest: sugetir Tell (someone something)
She told me that
Warm: adveritr
Ask (someone to do something )
Instruct: ordenar / mandar
She asked me to do that

Use this when imperative have some

one

CRV +(me,her, him, us,yours, them) +

to / not to
Use this when imperative speak in general

CRV + to / not to