To Determine Wear Characteristic of Engineering Materials

Subject Code : ME313 LAB

Subject Name : Machine Design

Mechanical Engineering Department,

Indian Institute Of Technology, Patna
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 What is Pin On Disk Machine ??

Cylindrical pin Sample Holder

Rotating Disk Sample Pin

Wear Track

Configuration of Pin On Disk Machine

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 Working Principle
Holm-Archard Equation
• Holm-Archard wear equation is used to describe sliding wear
• According to this, the volume of the removed debris due to wear is proportional to the work done by
friction forces
• It is based on the theory of asperity contact

Va∝ 𝑊 Where,
 Va is the total volume of wear debris produced
Va∝ 𝐿  K is the wear coefficient
 W is the total normal load
Va∝ 1/𝐻  L is the sliding distance
 H is the hardness of the softer material in
𝐾𝑊𝐿 contact
Va=
𝐻

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 Working Principle
Theory of asperity contact
• Asperity, defined as "unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness"
• The contact between tribo-pair involve formation and breakage of junctions.
• Here cross section of asperities after plastic deformation is assumed to be circular

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 Working Principle and Principle Stress
• Bowden and Tabor has proposed the junction growth theory
𝜎𝑥 = 0 𝜎𝑦 = 𝛿𝑊/𝛿𝐴 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝛿𝐹/𝛿𝐴
2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 2
𝜎1,2 = + + 𝜏𝑥𝑦
2 2

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 Working Principle and Principle Stress
𝜎𝑦 = 𝜎1 − 𝜎2 Yield Strength
𝜎1 − 𝜎2
𝜏𝑦 = Shear Strength
2

𝐹𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝜏𝑖

𝐹𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝜇=
𝑊

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 Working Principle and Principle Stress

0.5
𝜇=
𝜏𝑦 2
−1
𝜏𝑖

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 Selection Of materials

Preparation of Specimen

Measuring of Hardness

Performing the test by using the Pin On Disk

Machine

Plotting graph related to wear test

Observation and Discussion

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 Pin On Disk Machine
The pin-on-disc sliding wear test is a commonly used tribo-logical characterization technique
to estimate the coefficient of friction and the wear mechanism.

Load Cell
Specimen

Wear Track

Disk
Load Span

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 How to Operate Pin On Disk Machine
• Mount the circular sample (Disk) on the fixture of lower rotary drive.
• Hold the pin in the pin/ball holder.
• Turn on the machine by flipping the switch located on the back side of the machine.
• Click on Winducom 2010 icon at the Dekstop.
• Give the file name, sample ID and remark.
• After that click on ACCQUIRE option.
• Give wear track diameter.
• Give required amount of speed (rpm)
• Give the required amount of test duration.
• Give the required amount of normal load and click on the load button.
• Click on the main power button.
• Make frictional force to zero before starting the test.
• Then, run the test.
• After completion, remove the sample carefully.
• Turn off the machine by flipping the switch located on the back side of the machine.
• Close the software. August 2, 2021 13
 Required Parameters

Input Parameter Output Parameter

• Rotational Speed • Friction Co-efficient
• Track Radius • Wear rate
• Pin Load • Sliding Velocity
• Disk Dimension • Friction Force
• Pin Dimension • Temperature

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 Output Parameters
1. Friction Force
During the experiment, software directly gives the graph of friction force
2. Coefficient of Friction
We know that,
𝐹 = 𝜇𝑊
After getting the limiting value of friction force from software, coefficient of friction can be easily found
3. Wear rate
Wear rate = Volume loss / Sliding distance
4. Wear resistance
Wear resistance = 1/ Wear rate

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 Output Parameters
5. Specific wear rate
Specific wear rate = Wear rate/load
6. Sliding Velocity
Sliding Velocity = πDN
Here,
D = Wear track diameter
N = Rotational speed of the disk
7. Contact Stress
Contact Stress = Friction force / Area of the pin
8. Temperature
Temperature of the interface is measured with the help of thermocouple August 2, 2021 16
How to perform Experiment on Pin on Disk Machine

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How to extract data and Plot the graph

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How to extract data and read the data file

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 Observation
Material Speed (RPM) Load (N) Wear (mm) Sliding Velocity Contact Stress
(mm/sec) (MPa)
400 5 423.842 1.101 0.000416
Brass 600 5 130.424 1.549 0.000311
800 5 70.053 1.944 0.000292
300 5 263.854 1.1 0.000323931
Copper 450 5 221 1.6 0.000164324
600 5 184 2 7.64331E-05
200 5 323 1.14 0.000124713
Mild Steel 300 5 242 1.6 4.46036E-05
400 5 167 2 6.91987E-05
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 450
Brass
423.842
Results 450
Brass
423.842
400 400
350 350
300 300
Wear

Wear
250 250
200 200
130.424 130.424
150 150
100 70.053 70.053
100
50 50
0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005
Sliding Velocity Contact Stress (MPa)
Copper Copper
300 263.854 300 263.854
250 221 250 221
184 184
200 200
Wear

Wear
150 150
100 100
50 50
0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.00005 0.0001 0.00015 0.0002 0.00025 0.0003 0.00035
Velocity Contact StressAugust
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 Results
Mild Steel Mild Steel
350 323 350 323
300 300
242 242
250 250
200

Wear
167
Wear

200 167
150 150
100
100
50
50
0
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.00005 0.0001 0.00015
Sliding Velocity Contact Stress (MPa)

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 Precautions
1. Please don’t touch any part of the machine till machine stops.
2. Always wear shoes to avoid any accident.
3. Make sure that all doors of the machine unit are closed.
4. Check that all units are turned OFF or not.
5. Check whether any loose piece is present in the way of slide.
6. Make sure that all the connections are plugged in properly.
7. Check the cleanliness before starting any work.
8. After performing the experiment switch OFF the machine.
9. Clean the machine components after the test.
10 Do all the entries in the log book after each machine run

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THANK YOU

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