A Micro Project Report on

WATER LEVEL INDICATOR USING TRANSISTOR

Submitted to the CMR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of the Laboratory of

BASIC ELECTONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Of

I-B.Tech.I-Semester
In
Computer Science And Engineering
Submitted by
M.SATHVIKA 24R01A0540
G.SRIVALLI 24R01A0527
A.SPOORTHI 24R01A0505

Under the Guidance Of

Mr. P.Rajashekhar
(Asst. Professor Dept of CSE)

CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(UGC AUTONOMUS)
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Kukatpally, Hyderabad)
Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad
 CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(UGC AUTONOMUS)
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Kukatpally, Hyderabad)
Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad.

Department of Computer Science And Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that a micro project entitled with:

WATER LEVEL INDICATOR USING TRANSISTOR

Is being submitted by
M.SATHVIKA 24R01A0540
G.SRIVALLI 24R01A0527
A.SPOORTHI 24R01A0505

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of the BASIC ELECTONICS AND
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING lab of I-B. Tech I- Semester in CSE towards a record of a
Bonafide work carried out under our guidance and supervision.

Signature Of Faculty Signature of Coordinator Signature Of HOD

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely grateful to Dr. M. Janga Reddy, Director, Dr. B. Satyanarayana, Principal
and Dr.Radhakrishna Reddy Head of Department, Dept of Computer Science and Engineering,
CMR Institute of Technology for their inspiration and valuable guidance during entire duration.

We are extremely thankful to our BASIC ELECTONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Lab faculty in-charge P.Rajashekhar, Computer Science and Engineering department, CMR
Institute of Technology for his constant guidance, encouragement and moral support throughout
the project.

We express our thanks to all staff members and friends for all the help and coordination extended
in bringing out this Project successfully in time. Finally, we are very much thankful to our parents
and relatives who guided directly or indirectly for successful completion of the project.

M.SATHVIKA 24R01A0540
G.SRIVALLI 24R01A0527
A.SPOORTHI 24R01A0505
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SI.No. CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Aim of the project

3. Apparatus

4. Circuit Diagram

5. Operation on circuit

6. Water level indicator project features

7. Conclusion

8. Result & Reference

 ABSTRACT

Water tank overflow is a typical issue that results in water waste. There are a variety of
alternatives, such as ball valves that automatically shut off the water flow when the tank is full.
However, as an electronics geek, wouldn't you prefer an electronic solution? So, here's a simple
and useful day that will show you how to build a circuit that will detect the water level and sound
an alarm when the water tank is full or reaches a predetermined level. Water level indicator is a
new method of detecting water level that employs cutting-edge technologies such as sensors and
Arduino. The project's main goal is to calculate the water level at any given time and, if
necessary, to sound the buzzer. Today, a water level indicator is routinely used to detect the level
of any water tank or container.

The circuit is straightforward, cost-effective, and adaptable. It is used to turn on the motor
pump when the water level in the tank drops below the lowest level and to know when to turn off
the pump when the circuit detects that the tank is full. The circuit included three LED lights,
each of which indicated a different level of water. When the water level reaches its maximum,
the circuit sounds an alarm, signalling that the tank is full.
 INTRODUCTION

The facility requirements in many in many industries, farms, hotels, hostels, offices include an
overhead tanks of water, which is usually fed through an electric pump that is switch off when the
tank is filled up and switched on when it is empty. So, the most common way of knowing when
the tank is filled is by observing when it is over flows the brim. Depending on the type of liquid
being handled, over filling of such a tank could lead to a great liquid material losses ranging in
the order of thousands of naira per week depending on the extent of such application this losses
can be prevented if the tank is monitored automatically by incorporating a feedback. Water level
indicator using transistor and buzzer is an amazing and very useful project. The objective of this
project is to notify the user the amount of water that is present in the overhead water tank. This
project can be further enhanced to control the water level in the tank by turning it on, when the
water level is low, and turning it off when the water level is high.
 FURTURESCOPE

The objective of this project is to notify The purpose of a water level indicator is to gauge and
manage water levels in a water tank. The control panel can also be programmed to automatically
turn on a water pump once levels get too low and refill the water back to the adequate level.

The aim of this project is to develop a simple, cost-effective, and reliable water
level indicator system utilizing sensors and Arduino technology to monitor and manage water
levels in a tank. The system will provide real-time visual indications through LEDs, signaling
different water levels, and trigger an alarm when the tank is full to prevent water wastage.
Furthermore, the system automates the control of the motor pump, turning it on when water levels
are low and off when the tank is full, ensuring efficient water usage and management. This project
promotes the integration of modern technology to solve everyday water management challenges
effectively.
 APPARATUS

1. Transistor - BC547 (4 pieces)

2. Resistor - 220Ω (6 pieces)

3. Jumper wires

4. Color LED (3 pieces)

5. Buzzer (1 piece)

6. 9V non-rechargeable battery (1 piece)

7.Breadboard

Transistor - BC547

BC547 is an NPN transistor; hence, the collector and emitter will be left open (Reverse biased)
when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed (Forward biased) when a signal is provided
to the base pin

BC547 Transistor Pinout Configuration:

BC547 Transistor Pinout Configuration:
Resistor - 220Ω

Bi-Polar NPN Transistor

DC Current Gain (hFE) is 800 maximum

Continuous Collector current (IC) is 100mA

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as

a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal
levels, divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
Jumper wire:
A jump wire (also known as a jumper, jumper wire, or DuPont wire) is an electrical wire, or a
group of them in a cable, with a connector or at each end (or sometimes without – simply "tinned"),
that is normally used to connect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit,
internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering. Individual jump wires are
connected by slipping their "end connectors" into slots on a breadboard, a circuit board's header
connector, or a piece of test equipment.

Color LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows
through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the
form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is
determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor.
Combining red, green, and blue LEDs in a single LED device, such as a lighting fixture or multi-
chip LED, and controlling their relative intensities can produce millions of colors. Additionally,
combining red, green, and blue in equal amounts produces white light.

Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices,
timers, train and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

9V battery
Use a 9v battery with your arduino projects to provide a higher-current power supply for things
like motors. You can also feed 9v power into your arduino‟s dc barrel jack using 9v battery clip
with a jack to get a regulated 5v from the internal regulator. Buy a 9v battery from amazon,
sparkfun, adafruit, or newark.
Breadboard:
A breadboard is a circuit board used for constructing temporary circuits. It is an electronic gadget
with test circuit designs. By placing terminals and leads into holes and connecting them with
appropriate wires, the electronic elements inside electronic circuits can be swapped out. The device
features metal stripes running beneath the board that link the holes on the top. The breadboard's
connections are primarily transitory, and the elements can be rebuilt and reused without causing
any damage. In electrical engineering, breadboards are commonly utilized. Engineers utilize
breadboards to test the many items that they create. Breadboard testing is the most efficient and
cost-effective method of testing.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

B
OPERATIONS ON CIRCUIT
Insert BC547 transistor on the breadboard. The left one is collector, the middle one is base and the
last one is the emitter.

Insert the other two transistors as well on the breadboard.

1. Connect 220 ohms resistors to all collector terminals of the transistors on the breadboard.

2. Now insert the green LED with its anode to the emitter of the first transistor and cathode
to the negative rail of the breadboard and do the same for white and red LEDs.

3. Now connect the buzzer on the breadboard. Connect the negative wire of the buzzer to the
negative rail of the breadboard and positive wire to the emitter of the third transistor.

4. Connect one wire each to the base of the transistors. Dip the other end of the wire in the
container with water, it is important to dip the wires in the water level-wise and not keep
the bare ends of the wire on the same level.
 5. Connect the power to the circuit and start adding water to the bowl and see the LEDs light
up sequentially and the buzzer buzzing at the end.

Water Level Indicator Project Features

• Easy installation.
• Low maintenance.
• Compact elegant design.
• The automatic water level controller ensures no overflows or dry running of pump thereby
saves electricity and water.
• Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to overflowing tanks.
• Fully automatic, saves man power.
• Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.
• Automatic water level controller provides you the flexibility to decide for yourself the
water levels for operations of pump set.

Shows clear indication of water levels in the overhead tank.

RESULT
 CONCLUSION

The Water level indicator is the best electronic starter device indicating the water level and saves
water correspondingly. The led blinks according to their level of water reaches to them and
indicates the buzzing sound to stop pouring when it reaches its final limit. What are you waiting
for lets save water in a playful and knowledgeable way.
 VIBROGRAPH BIBROGRAPHY

https://www.electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/hardware-diy/water-level-indicator

https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/simple-diy-water-level-indicator-alarm-circuit

https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Water-Level-Indicator