0% found this document useful (0 votes)

12 views

Biomedical Applications - Ch8 - Rotational Dynamics - 2024-2025

Uploaded by

Bishara marzouka بشارة مرزوقة

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

12 views

Biomedical Applications - Ch8 - Rotational Dynamics - 2024-2025

Uploaded by

Bishara marzouka بشارة مرزوقة

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 21

Biomedical Applications

Chapter 8:
Rotational Equilibrium &
Rotational Dynamics

Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 1

Biomedical Applications

Equilibrium Considerations for the Human Body:

B.9.1 Levers and Biomechanics

B.9.3 Forces at the Ankle Joints

B.9.4 The Spinal Column

B.8.2 Ultracentrifuge

Solved Problems: 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4,9.5, 9.6,

9.8, 9.9, 9.12

Exercises: 9.1, 9.2, 9.6, 9.8

Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 2

Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics

Example 1: Person's Center of Gravity

In this example we show how to find the location of a person’s center
of gravity. Suppose your lab partner has a height L of 173 cm (5 ft, 8
in) and a weight ω of 715 N (160 lb). You can determine the position
of his center of gravity by having him stretch out on a uniform board
supported at one end by a scale. If the board’s weight ωb is 49 N and
the scale reading F is 3.50 ×102 N, find the distance of your lab
partner’s center of gravity from the left end of the board.

Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 3

Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics

Example 1: Person's Center of Gravity

Solution: Apply the second condition of equilibrium. There is no
torque due to the normal force n because its moment arm is zero
about an axis through O .

Solve for xcg and substitute known values:

Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 4

Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics

Example 1: Person's Center of Gravity

Question:
What would happen if a support is placed exactly at x= 79 cm
followed by the removal of the supports at the subject’s head and
feet?
Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 5
Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics

Example 2: Biomechanics of Body Building

A bodybuilder holds a dumbbell of weight Wd as shown in
Figure a. His arm is horizontal and weighs Wa= 31.0 N. The
deltoid muscle is assumed to be the only muscle acting and
is attached to the arm as shown. The maximum force M that
the deltoid muscle can supply has a magnitude of 1840 N.

a. What is the weight of the heaviest dumbbell that can be held?

b. What are the horizontal and vertical force components, Sx
and Sy , that the shoulder joint applies to the left end of the
arm?

Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 6

Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics

Example 2: Biomechanics of Body Building

Note that:

1. Sx is directed to the right, because the deltoid muscle pulls the

arm in toward the shoulder joint, and the joint pushes back in
accordance with Newton’s third law.
2. The direction of the force Sy , however, is less obvious, the
direction chosen in the free-body diagram is upward.

Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 7

Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics

Example 2: Biomechanics of Body Building

Solution : The arm is in equilibrium, so the net force acting on it is

zero:

……it contains two unknown Sy and Wd ∑τ = 0

Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 8
Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics

Example 2: Biomechanics of Body Building

To Calculate the Torque:

1. we choose an axis through the left
end of the arm and perpendicular
to the page.
2. With this axis, the torques due Sx
and Sy are zero, because the line
of action of each force passes
through the axis and the lever arm
of each force is zero.
Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 9
Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics

Example 2: Biomechanics of Body Building

Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 10

Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics
Example 3 : Lever and biomechanics of Biceps and elbow joint
A 50.0-N (11-lb) bowling ball is held in a person’s hand with the
forearm horizontal. The biceps muscle is attached 0.0300 m from the
joint, and the ball is 0.350 m from the joint. Find the upward force F
exerted by the biceps on the forearm (the ulna) and the downward
force R exerted by the humerus on the forearm, acting at the joint.
Neglect the weight of the forearm and slight deviation from the vertical
of the biceps.

Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 11

Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics
Example 3 : Lever and biomechanics of Biceps and elbow joint

Dr. Sawsan Abusharkh / Medical Physics Course / Fall Semester 2024-2025 12

Topic 9.1 Levers and Biomechanics
Example 4 : Lever and biomechanics of Biceps and elbow joint

A man holds a 2.00-kg carton of milk at arm’s length. What force FB must be
exerted by the biceps muscle? (Ignore the weight of the forearm.)

∑Ƭ= FB-Fg