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Shell and Tube Steam To Water

Shell and tube

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jaikumar raj
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17 views5 pages

Shell and Tube Steam To Water

Shell and tube

Uploaded by

jaikumar raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

TECH-ED
SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
AIM :
To determine the overall heat transfer co-efficient and effectiveness of the heat
exchanger.
DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS:
The experimental setup consists of 18 tubes. The effective length of the tube is
1020 mm. There are two tube passes. The shell is made of steel. The flow rate of water
through the tube is measured using Rotameter. Thermocouples are provided for
measuring the inlet and outlet temperatures of hot and cold fluids.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Outside diameter of the tubes, do = 12.7mm
Effective length of the tubes, l = 1020mm
Total number of tubes n = 18 (9 at each side)
Number of passes on tube side =2

THERMOCOUPLE DETAILS:
T1 = Entry Temperature of cold water in 0C
T2 = Entry Temperature of cold water in 0C
T3 = steam inlet Temperature in 0C
T4 = condensate outlet Temperature in 0C

PROCEDURE:
1. Allow the water from the overhead tank to fill the boiler.
2. Switch on the boiler to produce steam.
3. Start the water-circulating and adjust the water flow through the tube.
4. Allow the steam to flow through the shell side of the heat exchanger.
5. Allow sufficient time so that the unit attains steady state.
6. Note down the temperature reading T1, T2, T3 & T4 and Rotameter reading.

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger


2
TECH-ED
OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sl. Cold water Entry Exit Inlet temp. Temp. of Hot water flow
No. flow Temp. Temp. of hot water condensed rate, mh
rate, mc of cold of cold T3 0C water (cc/sec)
(cc/sec) water water T4 0C
T1 0C T2 0C
1

FORMULA:
1. Heat gain by cold water = Rate of heat transfer
Q = mc Cpc (T2-T1) Watts.
Where mc = mass flow rate of cold water, kg/s
Cpc = Specific heat of cold water = 4187 J/kg K

2. LMTD of counter flow:


(T3 – T2) – (T4 – T1)
(ΔT)m = ---------------------------------
ln ((T3 – T2 )/(T4 – T1))

T3– T4
3. Capacity Ratio = -------------
T2 – T1

T2– T1
4. Temperature ratio: = -------------
T3 – T1

5. Read the correction factor (F).


FROM THE HEAT TRANSFER DATA HAND BOOK:
REFER PAGE NO: 161
(AUTHOR: C.P KOTHANDARAMAN)

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger


3
TECH-ED
6. Total outer surface area of the tubes.
Ao = πd0l(n)
Outside diameter of the tubes, d0 = 12.7mm
Effective length of the tubes, l = 1020mm
Total number of tubes n =18 (9 at each side)

7. Overall heat transfer co-efficient


Q = U x A x (ΔT) m
Q
U = ---------------------
A x (ΔT) m x F

8. Effectiveness of the heat exchanger:


X = Q/Qmax

Thi – Tho
if, mcCpc > mhCph =h= ----------- Equ - 1
Thi - Tci

Tco - Tci
if, mcCpc < mhCph = h= ----------- Equ - 2
Thi - Tci

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger


4
TECH-ED
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Sl. Cold water Entry Exit Inlet temp. Temp. of Hot water flow
No. flow Temp. Temp. of hot water condensed rate, mh
rate, mc of cold of cold T3 0C water (cc\sec)
(cc\sec) water water T4 0C
T1 0C T2 0C
1 30 31.7 43.5 56.5 44.5 25

1 Heat gain by cold water = Rate of heat transfer


Q = mc Cpc (T2-T1)
Q = 0.03 x 4.18 (43.5 -31.7) = 1.48 KW
NOTE: (1KG/SEC =1000CC/SEC)
(30CC/SEC = 0.03KG/SEC)

2 LMTD of counter flow:


(T3 – T2) – (T4 – T1)
(ΔT)m = ---------------------------------
ln ((T3 – T2 )/(T4 – T1))

(56.5 – 43.5) – (44.5 – 31.7)


(ΔT)m = ---------------------------------------- = 12.89
ln ((56.5 – 43.5 )/(44.5 – 31.7))

T3– T4
3. Capacity Ratio = -------------
T2 – T1

56.5 – 44.5
Capacity Ratio = ------------------ = 1
43.5 – 31.7

T2– T1
4. Temperature ratio: = -------------
T3 – T1

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger


5
TECH-ED
43.5 – 31.7
Temperature ratio: = ----------------- = 0.47
56.5 – 31.7

5. Read the correction factor from the graph ‘F’. F = 0.83

6. Total outer surface area of the tubes.


Ao = π x 12 x 10-3 x 1020 x 10-3 x 18
= 0.69 m2
7. Overall heat transfer co-efficient

Q
U = ---------------------
A x (ΔT) m x F

1.482 x 103
U = --------------------------- = 200.75 w/m2k
0.69x 12.89 x 0.83

8. Effectiveness of the heat exchanger


Tco - Tci
h= -------------- Equ - 2
Thi - Tci

43.5 – 31.7
h = ------------------ = 0.47
56.5 – 31.7

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

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