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Division of Negros Occidental

Mathematics
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 2:
CHARACTERIZING THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION
USING THE DISCRIMINANT
M9AL-Ic-1

Development Team of the Module

Writer: LILIBETH G. GATOC

Editors: Jessa P. Galimba and Jenny G. Ruales and Irwin V. Singson

Reviewers: Ma. Teresa F. Mijares, EPS and Mitchelle A. Casiple

 Math 9 Module
Quarter 1 Week 2-3

TASK ANALYSIS

LEARNING COMPETENCY :

a. Characterizes the roots of quadratic

equation using the discriminant. (M9AL-lc-1)

SUB-TOPIC:

1. Identify the values of a, b and c of the

quadratic equation.
2. Find the value of b 2 – 4ac or the
discriminant.

How will you

Now, take a look at this example:
find the
discriminant ?

EXAMPLE 1 . Find the discriminant of

x2 - 4x = -4
Step 1: Write the equation in standard form.
x2 - 4x + 4 = 0
Step 2 : Identify the value of a , b and c.
a=1 b = -4 c= 4
Step 3 : Substitute this values to b 2 – 4ac.
b2 – 4ac = (-4)2 - 4(1)(4)
= 16 - 16
= 0
 Quadratic Formula is ….
_______
x = -b ± √b2 – 4ac
2a

Why do we use Quadratic Formula ?

Remember these….
a. Quadratic formula is very useful in finding
the roots of any quadratic equations.
b. The value of expression under the radical
symbol √, (b2 – 4ac) plays an important role
in this topic.

WHY IS THE
DISCRIMINANT
IMPORTANT?

●The value of the expression b2 – 4ac is called discriminant of the

quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.
●This value can be used to describe the nature of the roots and tells the
number of solutions you will get.
● If b 2 – 4ac > 0, perfect square. The nature of the roots :REAL, RATIONAL and UNEQUAL
● If b 2 - 4ac > 0, not a perfect square . The nature of the roots: REAL , IRRATIONAL,
UNEQUAL

● If b2 - 4ac = 0 . The nature of the roots : REAL, RATIONAL, EQUAL

● If b 2 - 4ac < 0 . The nature of the roots: imaginary

ACTIVITY 1 : SET ME YOUR STANDARD !

Directions: Rewrite each quadratic equation in standard

form.
1.) x2 + 7x = -10
2.) x2 = -6x - 3

3.) x2 + 2x = -5
4.) x2 + 5x = 4
5.) 2x2 - 10x = -8
 3. x2 - 10X + 25 =0
4. 4 x2 - 9x + 7 = 0
What number is under the radical when
What number is under the radical when
simplified?
simplified?
b2-4ac = (-10)2-[4(1)(25)]
b2-4ac = (-9)2-[4(4)(7)]
= 100 – 100
= 81 – 112
= 0
= -31
If b2 - 4ac = 0
If b 2 - 4ac < 0, (negative)
The nature of the roots :
The nature of the roots:
REAL, RATIONAL, EQUAL
imaginary

Activity 4 . Identify Me !

A. Determine whether the given discriminant is

a) real ,rational, equal

b) real, rational, unequal

c) real, irrational, unequal

d) imaginary

1) 12 2) 0 3) 49 4) -5 5) 27
Assessment # 1
Write the values of a, b and c in the quadratic equation, then check(√) the discriminant and
nature of roots of quadratic equation.

1. x2– 8x + 15 = 0 2. 2x2 + 4x + 4 = 0

I. a = ___ b = ___ c= ___

I. a = ___ b = ___ c= ___
II. ___)4 ___) 0 ___) -4
II. ___)16 ___) 0 ___) -16

__real, rational, equal

__real, rational, equal
__real, rational, unequal
__real, rational, unequal
__real, irrational, unequal
__real, irrational, unequal
__imaginary
__imaginary

3. 3x 2 + 12x + 12 = 0 4. 8 x2– 9x + 11 = 0

I. a = ___ b = ___ c= ___

I. a = ___ b = ___ c= ___
II. ___)4 ___) 0 ___)-4
II. ___)4 ___) 0 ___)-4

__real, rational, equal

__real, rational, equal __real, rational, unequal
__real, rational, unequal __real, irrational, unequal
__real, irrational, unequal
__imaginary
__imaginary
Assesment # 2
For each of the following quadratic equation,

a) Find the value of the discriminant, and

b) Determine the nature of roots.

1) x2 + 14x + 49 = 0

2) x2 + 5x – 2 = 0

3) x2 + 8x + 11 = 0

4) x2 + 5x -24 = 0

5) 3x2 - 2x = - 5

Enrichment.
Directions: Determine the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equation.

1. x2 + 6x + 9 = 0 discriminant:___ nature of the roots:___

2. x2 + 9x + 20 = 0 discriminant:___ nature of the roots:___

3. 2x2 - 10x + 8 = 0 discriminant:___ nature of the roots:___

4. x2 + 5x + 10 = 0 discriminant:___ nature of the roots:___

5. x2 + 96x + 3 = 0 discriminant:___ nature of the roots:___

 Answer Card
Activity 2. FIND ME!

1. a -1. b-7
c=I.O
Activity 1.

2. a-3 b--6
SET ME YOUR STANDARD!
c=3
1. x' + 7x+ 10: o
3. •=2 b=4
2. x'+6x+3s0 c=S

3. x•+2x+S=O
4. a-5 b--2
c-
4. x• + sx - 4 :o 1.2

5. 2xL 10x + 8 : 0 5. a•2 b-1.0

c-S

Activity 4. IDENTIFY ME!

Activity 3. 6NE ME MY
A.1. 12- REAL, IRRATIONAL
UNEQUAL
VALUE!
2. 0 · REAL, RATIONAL, EQUAL
L bZ -4ac =9
3. 49 - REAL, RATIONAL,
UNEQUAL
2. bZ -4ac =24
4. - 5 - NO REAL ROOTS/
3. bZ -4ac -16 IMAGINARY

5. 27 - REAL, IRRATIONAL ,
4. bZ -4ac =41
UNEQUAL

5. bZ -4ac =O
 -

ASSESSMENT 1

1. a = 1 b = -8 C = 15 1. b2-4ac
=O; f\eal,
Rotionol, Cquol
I. 4
2. b '-4ac
II. Real, Rational , =33; - Real,
Unequal Irrational .,

Unequal
2. a=2 b=4 c= 4
.::J. b?-4oc

I. -16 - 2-0; ReaJ,

Irrational �
II . No real roots Unecaual

3. a = 3 b= 12 C = 12 4. b2-ac
=12.1 ; Real,
I. 0 Rational ,
UnequaJ
II. Real, Rational, Equal
5. b '-ac
4. a= 8 b= -9 C = 11 = 64-; Real.,
Rational,
I. -271 II. imaginary Unequa·I

ENRICHMENT

1. Discriminant:_o_
nature of the roots: rational
and equal
2. Discriminant:_!_
nature of the roots: rational
and not equal
3. Discriminant:_36_
nature of the roots: rational
and not equal
4. Discriminant:_-15_
nature of the roots: not real
5. Discriminant:_24_
nature of the roots:
irrational and not equal
 REFERENCES :
1. Mathematics Learners Material 9 page 58 – 63

2. Teacher’s Guide for Mathematics Grade 9 page 41 - 42

3. www.slideshare.net/mobile/maricelmas/sim2 53647054

Prepared by :

Lilibeth G. Gatoc

HINIGARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 GRADE 9

DESCRIBES THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THE COEFFICIENTS AND
THE ROOTS OF A
QUADRATIC EQUATION

QUARTER 1 | WEEK 2 -3

Prepared by:
LILIBETH G. GATOC
Math 9 Module
Quarter 1 Week 2 -3

TASK ANALYSIS

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

a. Describe the roots of Quadratic Equation

using the discriminant. (M9AL-lc-2)
4. Describe the roots of the equation x 2 + 5x + 10 = 0 a=1 b= 5 c = 10

b2 – 4ac = 52 - 4(1)(10)

= 25 - 40

= - 15

The b2 – 4ac < 0 or ( NEGATIVE) , then no real roots

Checking :

−𝒃±√ 𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 −𝟓±√−𝟏𝟓 −𝟓±𝒊

X= 𝟐𝒂
x= 𝟐(𝟓)
x= 𝟏𝟎

−𝟓+𝒊 −𝟓−𝒊
X= 𝟏𝟎
and x = 𝟏𝟎

So , when the b2 – 4ac is Negative then , there is no real roots or imaginary.

GUIDE CARD

Quadratic Formula is …

_______ x=
-b ± √b2 – 4ac

2a

 The expression b2 – 4ac is called discriminant.

 This expression will help you describe the roots of a quadratic equation.

The roots can be Real number or non – real number.

Real Numbers are natural numbers or counting numbers, whole numbers, integers,
rational numbers (fractions and repeating or terminating decimals), and
irrational numbers.
 Non-Real number, or imaginary number is any number that, when multiplied by itself,
produces a negative number.

 If b2 – 4ac is Positive and a perfect square ; two distinct real roots.

 If b2 – 4ac is Positive and not a perfect square ; two distinct real roots.
 If b2 – 4ac is Zero , two equal real roots.
 If b2 – 4ac is NEGATIVE , no real roots or imaginary.

ACTIVITY 1. Which are Real ? Which are Not ?

Direction: Identify each number below if it is Real or Not.

1. √−15 5. √25 9. 144

7 √−21
2. 8
6. 24.5 10. 10

5
3. 12
7. 289

√15
4. 9
8. √35

ACTIVITY 2. Find Me and tell Me What I am !

DIRECTION: Find the value of the expression b2 – 4ac of the following quadratic equations.
Tell whether the value is a Positive, a perfect square; Positive, not perfect
square ; Negative or Zero.

1. 3x2 + 5x + 1 = 0
2. 2x2 - 4x + 2 = 0
x2 + 6x + 5 = 0
3.
4. x2 + 3x - 10 = 0
5. x2 + 5x + 4 = 0
ACTIVITY 3. Describe Me !

Directions. Determine whether the discriminant is ____

a.Greater than zero , perfect square

b. Greater than zero, not a perfect square

c. Equals zero

d. Less than zero

4. 0
1. 95 2. 225 3. -9 5. 63

ASSESSMENT no. 1
Directions : Complete the table below.

Quadratic Equation b2 – 4ac Positive, Negative or Zero

1. X2 + 7x + 12 = 0

2. 2X2 - 3x - 20 = 0

3. X2 + 3x + 5 = 0

4. X 2 + 4x + 4 = 0

5. X2 + 4x - 10 = 0
ASSESSMENT NO.2

Determine whether the following quadratic equation has _______

a. Two distinct real roots b. Two equal roots c. No real roots/ imaginary

1. X2 + 7x + 12 = 0 2.
2X2 - 3x - 20 = 0
2
+ 3x + 5 = 0
3. X
4. X2 + 4x + 4 = 0
5. X2 + 4x - 10 = 0

ENRICHMENT

Answer the following.

1. Danica says that the quadratic equation 2x2 + 5x - 4 = 0 has two possible
solutions because the value of its discriminant is positive. Do you agree with
Danica?

2. When a quadratic expression ax2 + bx + c is a perfect square trinomial, do you

agree that the value of its discriminant is zero ? Justify your answer by giving at
least two examples.
 ANSWER CARD

ASSESSMENT 1.

Activity 3. Identify Me! 1. 1 ---- Positive , perfect square

1. 95 – greater than zero, not a perfect square.

2. 169 – Positive, perfect square
2. 225 – Greater than zero, a perfect square.
3. -11 --- Negative
3. -9 - less than zero

4. 0 - equals zero 4. 0 ----- zero

5. 63 - greater than zero , not a perfect square. 5. 56 ----- positive, not perfect square

ACTIVITY 1. Activity 2.

1.Not real 1. Positive, not a perfect square

6. real
2. Zero
2.real 7. real 3. Positive , a perfect square
3.real 4. Negative
8. real
5. Positive, a perfect square
4.real 9. real
5.real 10. Not real

ENRICHMENT.
ASSESSMENT 2.
1. YES
2. Yes , examples:
1. a. two distinct real roots
a. X 2 + 4x + 4 =0
2. a. two distinct real roots b. X2 + 6x + 9 =0
c. X2 + 10x + 25 =0
3. c. no real roots
4. b. two equal real roots
5. a . two distinct real roots
REFERENCES :
1. Mathematics Learners Material 9 page 56 – 64

2. Teacher’s Guide for Mathematics Grade 9 page 39 - 43

3. www.youtube.com / www.math-only-math.com

Prepared by :

Lilibeth G. Gatoc

HINIGARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL