13th November 2024

The
Analyst
Handout
The End of Multilateralism?
13th November 2024
CONTEXT: Multilateral institutions will face greater challenges during Donald
Trump’s second term

What is Multilateralism? Challenges Facing Multilateralism:

● Diplomatic approach - multiple ● Geopolitical Tensions
countries - issues of common - Esp. between the U.S. and
● interest - international institutions and China - strained multilateral
frameworks platforms
● Decision-making - multiple nations - ● Economic Inequality and Power
address global challenges Imbalance
● Prominent Multilateral Institutions - UN, - ‘disproportionate influence in
WTO, WHO institutions’
- COVID-19 pandemic amplified
Evolution of Multilateralism: ‘changing inequality
global dynamics’ ● Rise of Unilateralism and
● Post-World War II and the Birth of Nationalism
Multilateral Institutions (1940s-1960s) - Donald Trump’s
- UN, Bretton Woods Institutions, administration - Paris Accord,
GATT Iran Nuclear Deal, WHO
● Cold War Era and Limited - Chinese Nationalism
Multilateralism (1947-1991) - BREXIT
- Multilateralism - backseat - ● Financial Constraints
alliances ideologically driven - UN, WHO
- Multilateral cooperation ● Inefficiency and Bureaucracy
persisted in some areas - slow and ineffective; WTO’s
● Post-Cold War Expansion and Appellate Body
Globalization (1990s)
- WTO, expansion of EU Challenges Facing Multilateralism
- Emergence of new multilateral - Editorial:
forums - APEC, CC, HRs ● Upcoming Multilateral Summits
● The 21st Century - Renewed Amidst Geopolitical Shifts
Challenges to Multilateralism - Donald Trump's recent
- 2008 GFC - G20 re-election
- More diverse multilateral ● Impact of Trump’s Foreign Policy
engagements - BRICS - Shift from Multilateralism -
- Trump 1.0 Trump 1.0 - "America First",
- COVID-19 Paris Agreement, TPP, UNESCO,
WHO, and the UNHRC.
Importance of Multilateralism: - Domestic Critique of
● Global Peace and Security - UN Multilateralism - job losses,
Peacekeeping prolonged military
● Economic Stability and Trade - interventions
Facilitation of Int. Trade - 25%
Increase - 2010-19; G20
● Environmental and Health
Cooperation - Paris Agreement;
COVID-19 - importance of Global
Health Systems
 The
Analyst
Handout
The End of Multilateralism?
13th November 2024
CONTEXT: Multilateral institutions will face greater challenges during Donald
Trump’s second term

● Potential Implications of Trump 2.0 Way Forward

- Expected to exit the Paris
Agreement again, reduce ● Strengthening Minilateral and
constraints on U.S. energy Regional Alliances
production, focus on traditional - like-minded coalitions -
energy, may encourage other QUAD; ISA & BRICS - regional
countries to scale back development and innovation
Challenges for Key Multilateral ● Reforming International
Forums Institutions
● APEC - Now faces rising U.S.-China - UNSC - G4 - help increase
tensions; Withdrawal from the TPP and representation
potential 60% tariffs on Chinese - Revisiting the WTO’s dispute
imports, U.S. Scrutiny on China's Latin resolution process
America Influence ● Greater Investment in SDGs
● G20 - deepening divides on trade, - Reduce economic disparities
climate, and migration - Annual investment of $5-7
trillion - UNDP
Decline of Global Collective Solutions ● Digital and Technological
● Peak in the early 2000s, waning Cooperation
● New Focus on Bilateral and Minilateral - In the face of climate change
alliances - QUAD, MSP, GPAI, Artemis and global health crises -
technology initiatives
Mains Practise Question: - COVAX, GPAI
“In light of recent global developments,
discuss the notion of the 'end of
multilateralism.' Analyze the factors
contributing to its perceived decline and
suggest ways for reinvigorating international
cooperation to address common global
challenges.” (15 Marks, 250 words)
 The
Analyst Burden of NCDs & Aging
Handout Population
13th November 2024
CONTEXT: A significant demographic transformation is underway with a rapidly
aging population. This transformation is accompanied by a shift in most LMIC such
that NCDs are the leading cause of deaths.

World Bank Report on Longevity and ● Rising NCD rates among the elderly
Health: - pose financial burdens on families
● Focus - Addressing demographic ● NCD Projections - By 2030, NCDs
changes and NCDs affecting LMICs, are expected to account for 75% of
including India. all deaths in India (up from 40% in
● Global increase in elderly populations, 1990)
LMICs - rapid rise
● NCD - leading cause of death in LMICs Factors contributing to high NCDs
● Deaths due to NCDs - 61 million in 2023 ● Insufficient social schemes - High
to 92 million by 2050 OOPE
● High travel, treatment, and
medicine expenses - indebtedness
among patients
● Ayushman Bharat Scheme -
insufficient funding and
administrative delays (CAG).

Risk Factors for NCDs

● Diets high in refined grains, red
meats, and fats contribute to
increased risks
India’s Elderly Population and
● Age-related risks, sedentary
Disease Burden behavior, and genetic
● Second-largest elderly population predispositions
globally - 140 Million - three times the ● High obesity rates and tobacco use
national population growth rate further exacerbate NCD prevalence
 The
Analyst Burden of NCDs & Aging
Handout Population
13th November 2024
CONTEXT: A significant demographic transformation is underway with a rapidly
aging population. This transformation is accompanied by a shift in most LMIC such
that NCDs are the leading cause of deaths.

Healthy Longevity Initiative:

● Reduce avoidable deaths and
disabilities, improve physical
and mental well-being, and
minimize the period of severe
illness before death.

Way forward:
● Hospital Costs Regulation: In
February 2024, SC directed rate
regulation for hospital
procedures to curb high
healthcare costs. Mains Practise Question:
● Behavioral Changes: “The rising burden of non-communicable
Encouraging physical activity, diseases (NCDs) and an aging population pose
balanced diets, and reducing significant socio-economic challenges for India.
tobacco use are vital. In this context highlight the importance of
● Policy Reforms: Significant ‘Healthy Longevity Initiative’ and suggest ways to
health system reforms are effectively deal with the challenges of NCDs &
required - UHC, Social Schemes Aging Population ”
(15 Marks, 250 words)
 The
Analyst
Handout
India - Russia Trade Ties
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 2 Paper : International Relations

 The
Analyst
Handout
India - Russia Trade Ties
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 2 Paper : International Relations

 The
Analyst
Handout
India - Russia Trade Ties
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 2 Paper : International Relations

 The
Analyst
Handout
IMEC: Progress Report
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 2 Paper : International Relations

 The
Analyst
Handout
IMEC: Progress Report
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 2 Paper : International Relations

 The
Analyst
Handout
IMEC: Progress Report
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 2 Paper : International Relations

 The
Analyst The Global Carbon Budget -
Handout 2024
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 1 Paper : Climate Change

 The
Analyst The Global Carbon Budget -
Handout 2024
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 1 Paper : Climate Change

 The
Analyst India Human Development
Handout Survey
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 1: Role of Women

 The
Analyst India Human Development
Handout Survey
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 1: Role of Women

 The
Analyst
Handout
CoP 29 : Explained
13th November 2024

Syllabus: GS 1: Climate Change

 The
Analyst
Handout Daily Quiz
13th November 2024

Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Which of the statements given above
the World Bank Report on Longevity & Health: is/are correct?

1. By 2050, one in three people in the world will a) 1 Only

be over the age of 60 years. b) 2 Only
2. Non-communicable diseases will cause c) Both 1 and 2
more than 100 million deaths by 2050. d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. By 2030, Non-communicable diseases will Answer: a
account for 75% of all deaths in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are Q4. Consider the following statements
correct? regarding the Global Carbon Emissions:
1. In 2023, China was the largest fossil
a) 1 and 2 Only CO2 emitter followed by India and
b) 2 and 3 Only the United States respectively.
c) 1 and 3 Only 2. China, India, USA & EU -27 countries
d) 1,2 and 3 account for more than half of the
Answer: c global fossil CO2 emissions.

Which of the statements given above

Q2. Consider the following statements regarding is/are correct?
the International North-South Transport Corridor
(INSTC): a) 1 only
b) 2 only
1. It aims to establish a multimodal sea, rail c) Both 1 and 2
and road corridor to reduce logistic costs & d) Neither 1 nor 2
time between India & Russia.
2. It encompasses regions around the Arabian Answer: b
Sea, Caspian Sea and Black Sea.
3. It will increase India’s dependency on the Q5. Which of the following statements
Suez Canal for trade with Europe. regarding the Conference of Parties (COP)
of UNFCCC is NOT correct?
How many of the above statements is/are a) COP 3 at Kyoto in 1997 placed
correct? obligations on the rich nations to cut
a) Only One greenhouse gas emissions.
b) Only Two b) COP 15 at Copenhagen in 2009
c) All Three established a successor to the Kyoto
d) None Protocol.
Answer: b c) COP 21 in Paris in 2015 placed legal
obligations on countries to limit
Q3. Consider the following statements regarding global temperatures to below 2
the India - Middle East - Europe Economic degrees Celsius.
Corridor (IMEC): d) COP 28 in Dubai in 2023 officially
launched the Loss & Damage Fund.
1. It was announced during the G20 summit in Answer: b
New Delhi, in 2023.
2. The participants include India, UAE, Saudi
Arabia, Russia & China.