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LESSON SUMMARY
Writing Lesson 1. Line, Bar, Table
i. MATERIAL
A. General Structure

B. Language for trends vs Language for comparison

Language for trends
Xu hướng Verbs Nouns
Tăng To increase, to go up, to rise, to An increase, a rise, a
grow, to climb, to jump (rise growth, an upward
quickly), to soar (rise quickly), trend
to rocket (rise quickly and
suddenly)
Giảm To decline, to decrease, to A decline, a decrease, a
drop, to fall, to go down, to drop, a fall, a downward
plummet (fall suddenly), to trend
plunge (fall suddenly)
Dao động To fluctuate A fluctuation
Không thay đổi Remain/stay unchanged
Remain/stay/stand stable
Đạt đỉnh cao reach a peak of
peak at
Hit the highest point
Chạm đáy hit the lowest point of

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hit its bottom of

Mức độ Adj Adv

Sharp Sharply
Rapid Rapidly
Rất mạnh Quick Quickly
Steep Steeply
Dramatic Dramatically
Considerable Considerably
Mạnh Significant Significantly
Substantial Substantially

Vừa vừa Moderate

Moderately
Steady Steadily
Đều đều
Gradual Gradually
Slight Slightly
Nhẹ Slow Slowly
Minimal Minimally

Structures
1. Subject + Verb + Adverb

2. There be a/an + adj + noun

3. S + witnessed/saw/ experienced/ recorded + a/an + adj + noun

4. The year/ the period from..to...+ saw/ witnessed/recorded + a/an + adj +

noun
5. A/an + adj + noun + be + seen/ witnessed/recorded + in đối tượng

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Percentage of students
9%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
1995 1997
Meaning Prep
V by số liệu
ex: grew by 2%
Tăng/ giảm bao nhiêu
N of số liệu
ex: a growth of 2%
Tăng/giảm đến bao nhiêu V/N to số liệu
ex: grew to 8%/ a growth to 8%
Ở bao nhiêu V at số liệu
ex: started/ stood at 6%
N in đối tượng
tăng/giảm về cái gì ex: an increase in the percentage of
students attending the class

Language for comparison

S + V. Similarly, S + V
S + V. A similar trend/pattern was seen in ...
While/ Whereas/ Meanwhile S + V, S + V
S + V While/, Whereas/ Meanwhile S + V
S + V. In contrast/ On the other hand, S + V
While While/ Whereas/ Meanwhile S + V, the opposite pattern was seen in ....
S + V + ..times + higher than + N
S + V + ..times + as high/much/many as + N
be + the least/most favored/preferred
be + the most common/popular + N.
be the largest producer/consumer of ...
Note: Không dùng On the contrary

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C. Dynamic vs Static
Check-up 5.
A static graph is a graph without a timeline, which means it contains data in only
1 time period, so there is no trend in the graph.
In contrast, a dynamic graph is a graph with a timeline, which means it contains
data points in a number of time periods, so there are different trends in the
graph.
Determining whether the graph is static or dynamic is of great importance
because it influences how the body paragarphs should be divided and which type
of language should be used.

D. Introduction
In IELTS writing Task 1, the introduction should be written in 1 sentence in about
2 minutes at most. You should not copy the question for your introduction.
Strategy to write an introduction:
Step 1. Underline what/ when/ where in the question
Step 2. Paraphrase these parts in the question
Step 3. Double check the grammar and spelling

Words in the Paraphrases

question

the graph below shows the + (given) + (bar, line, pie, table,
diagram,...) + illustrates/ compares/ gives
information about......

What the number of the figure for

how many S + V (active/passive)

the amount of the figure for

how much S +V (active/passive)

the percentage of the figure for

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the proportion of

Where in America, Australia, in four different countries

Korea, And Sweden

When from 2010 to 2020 between 2010 and 2020

during/over a 20-year period

in 1996, 2000 and 2010 in three different years

until 2050 up to 2050

Strategy
LINE GRAPH
Overview
Needed information: (Line Chart)
• Order (highest/lowest)
• Trend (increase/decrease)
Notes: Don’t report data or state your opinion
Useful structure:
While S + V....., the opposite was true for ......

Body Paragraphs
Body paragraphs could be divided based on the type of line graph.

Type 1 (Fewer than 4 lines): Should be divided by period of time

+ Beginning – mid point: Report data + Trend/ Comparison
+ Mid point – End: Report data + Trend/ Comparison

Type 2: Type 2 (4 lines and more): Should be divided by category

(group lines which have the same trend: upward, downward)

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BAR CHART
STATIC BAR CHART
Overview
Needed information: (Static chart)
• Order (comparison between labels)
• Order (Comparison between categories: highest/lowest)
Notes: Don’t report data or state your opinion

Body Paragraphs
There are two ways to divide the body paragraphs.
Approach 1: Divide by category
(group categories that have similar patterns)

Approach 2: Divide by labels

(inadvisable)

DYNAMIC BAR CHART

Overview
Needed information: (Dynamic chart)
• Order (highest/lowest)
• Trend (increase/decrease)
Notes: Don’t report data or state your opinion

Body Paragraphs
Body paragraphs could be divided based on the type of bar graph.

Type 1 (two categories): Should be divided by period of time

+ Beginning – mid point: Report data + Trend/ Comparison
+ Mid point – End: Report data + Trend/ Comparison

Type 2: Type 2 (more than two categories): Should be divided

by category
(Group categories with similarities (high/low, increased/ decreased,...)

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TABLE
STATIC TABLE
Overview
Needed information: (Static chart)
Order (highest/lowest, vertical, horizontal)
Notes: Don’t report data or state your opinion.
You should mark on the table to find out major features.
Body Paragraphs
Body paragraphs could be divided:

By row: Report data + Comparison

E.g. Women expended nearly 70% in buying food products, which was almost
three times as high as the percentage of their male counterparts.

By column: Report data + Comparison

DYNAMIC TABLE
Overview
Needed information: (Dynamic chart)
• Order (highest/lowest)
• Trend (increase/decrease)
Notes: Don’t report data or state your opinion. You should select 2-3 main
features rather than mentioning all.
Body Paragraphs
Body paragraphs of a dynamic table should be divided by:
• Category: upward, downward trend
• Time:
+ Beginning – Mid point: Report data + Trend/Comparison
e.g. The price of coffee A, which was at € 1.10 per cup in 1990, increased
slightly to € 1.50 in 2000.
+ Mid-point – End: Report data + Trend/ Comparison
e.g. Coffee C, which was the most expensive brand in 2000, at € 3.50,
witnessed a small drop in price, ending at € 3.20 in 2010.
e.g. Coffee C, which was the most expensive brand in 2000, at € 3.50,
witnessed a small drop in price, ending at € 3.20 in 2010.

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VOCABULARY BOX
English CEFR Phonetics Meanings
Level
soar (v) C1 /sɔːr/ tăng nhanh
surge (n) C1 /sɜːʤ/ sự tăng nhanh
rocket (v) B2 /ˈrɒkɪt / tăng nhanh
plummet (v) NA /ˈplʌmɪt/ giảm nhanh và đột
ngột
plunge (v) C1 /plʌnʤ/ giảm nhanh và đột
ngột
rise steeply (v) B2 /raɪz ˈstiːpli/ tăng nhanh
record a substantial drop C1 /rɪˈkɔːd ə səb chứng kiến sự giảm
(v) ˈstænʃl drɒp/ đáng kể
saw a moderate increase C1 /sɔː ə ˈmɒdərɪt ˈ chứng kiến sự tăng
(v) ɪnkriːs/ nhẹ
decline minimally (v) B2 /dɪˈklaɪn ˈmɪnɪm giảm không đáng kể
əli/
witness a downward trend B2 /ˈwɪtnəs ə chứng kiến xu hướng
(v) ˈdaʊnwəd trend/ giảm
experienced an upward B2 /ɪksˈpɪərɪənst ən ˈ chứng kiến xu hướng
trend (v) ʌpwəd trend/ tăng
least favored product (n) B2 /liːst ˈfeɪvəd sản phẩm ít được yêu
ˈprɒdʌkt/ thích nhất
largest consumer (n) B1 /ˈlɑːʤɪst kən người tiêu thụ nhiều
ˈsjuːmə/ nhất, lớn nhất
proportion of sth (n) B2 /prəˈpɔːʃən ɒv sth/ tỷ lệ phần trăm của
cái gì
counterpart (n) C1 /ˈkaʊntəpɑːt/ đối tượng tương ứng

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