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Lecture Derivative

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Lecture Derivative

Uploaded by

myrahim06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applications of Derivatives

Example#1: (average change in A’s Revenue) from 2005 to 2010, Mr B annual revenue
increased from $861,000,000 to $1,359,000,000. what was the average change in
revenue per year during this time?
Solution: the average change in revenue per year is the change in revenue ∆𝑅 divided
by the change in time ∆𝑡. Thus
∆𝑅 1,359,000,000−861,000,000 498,000,000
= = = 99,600,000 per year
∆𝑡 2010−2005 5

This shows that from 2005 to 2010, B annual revenue increased at the average rate of
$99,600,000 per year.
Example#2: (velocity of falling object) a ball dropped from the top of a
cliff will fall such that the distance it has travelled after 𝑡 seconds is
𝑠 𝑡 = −16𝑡 2 . (a) What is the average velocity for the first 3 seconds?
How fast is the ball travelling at 3 seconds?
Solution: (a) the average velocity for the first 3 seconds is
∆𝑠 𝑠 3 − 𝑠(0) −16 3 2 − −16 0 2 −144
= = = = −48
∆𝑡 3−0 3 3
Thus the average velocity is 48 feet per second. The minus sign indicates
that the ball is travelling in the downward direction.
(b) The velocity at 3 seconds is an instantaneous velocity. It the velocity
𝑑𝑠
at a specific time, when 𝑡 = 3. so we need to evaluate at 𝑡 = 3.
𝑑𝑡
Now 𝑠 = −16𝑡 2
𝑑𝑠 𝑑 𝑑 2
𝑣= = −16𝑡 2 = −16 𝑡 = −32𝑡 feet/sec.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠
= −32 3 = −96 feet/sec
𝑠𝑡
Example#03: If two resistors of 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 ohms are connected in
parallel in an electric circuit to make an 𝑅 − 𝑜ℎ𝑚 resistor, the value of 𝑅
1 1 1
can be found from the equation = +
𝑅 𝑅1 𝑅2

IF 𝑅1 is decreasing at the rate of 1 ohm/sec, and 𝑅2 is increasing at the


rate of 0.5 ohm/sec, at what rate is 𝑅 is changing when 𝑅1 = 75 and
𝑅2 = 50 ohm?
1 1 1
Solution: = + (1)
𝑅 𝑅1 𝑅2

𝑑𝑅1 𝑑𝑅2
= −1 𝑜ℎ/𝑠𝑒𝑐 , = 0.5 𝑜ℎ𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 ,
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑅1 =75 ohm/sec, 𝑅2 = 50 𝑜ℎ𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐


1 1 1
From (1) we have = + =
𝑅 𝑅1 𝑅2

1 𝑅2 + 𝑅1
=
𝑅 𝑅1 𝑅2

𝑅1 𝑅2
𝑅= (2)
𝑅1 + 𝑅2

Differentiating (2) with respect to 𝑡 , we get


𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑅 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 𝑅1 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
= 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 2

𝑑𝑅2 𝑑𝑅1 𝑑𝑅1 𝑑𝑅2


𝑑𝑅 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 𝑅2 +
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
=
𝑑𝑡 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 2
𝑑𝑅2 𝑑𝑅 𝑑𝑅1 𝑑𝑅2
𝑑𝑅 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 1 − 𝑅1 𝑅2 +
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
=
𝑑𝑡 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 2

𝑑𝑅1 𝑑𝑅2
= −1 𝑜ℎ/𝑠𝑒𝑐 , = 0.5 𝑜ℎ𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 , 𝑅1 =75 ohm/sec, 𝑅2 = 50 𝑜ℎ𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑅 50 + 75 75 0.5 + 50(−1) − 75 50 −1 + 0.5


=
𝑑𝑡 50 + 75 2

𝑑𝑅
= 0.02 𝑜ℎ𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑡
Hence R is changing at the rate of 0.02 ohm/sec
Example#5: If the revenue function for a product
60𝑥 2
is 𝑅 𝑥 = , find the marginal revenue at
2𝑥+1
x=0.5
Example#4: suppose the cost of producing 𝑥 units is 𝐶 𝑥 = 100 +
30𝑥 − 𝑥 2 dollars 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12 . Determine the marginal cost when 𝑥 =
9 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
Solution: the marginal cost is 𝐶 ′ 𝑥 = 30 − 2𝑥 for 𝑥 = 9
𝐶 ′ 9 = 30 − 2 9 = 12
Thus marginal cost when 𝑥 = 9 is $12. this means that after 9 units have
been produced, the cost of producing the next unit (10th ) unit will be
approximately $12, it may be noted that exact cost of producing the tenth
unit can be computed as
𝐶 10 − 𝐶 9 = 100 + 30 10 − 10 2 − 100 + 30 9 − 9 2
= 300 − 289 = $11
Which is approximately $12.
60𝑥 2
Example#5: If the revenue function for a product is 𝑅 𝑥 = , find
2𝑥+1
the marginal revenue at x=0.5
Solution: the marginal revenue is found by differentiating 𝑅(𝑥)

′ 𝑑 60𝑥 2 2𝑥+1 120𝑥 −60𝑥 2 2 240𝑥 2 +120𝑥−120𝑥 2


𝑅 𝑥 = = =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1 2 2𝑥+1 2

120𝑥 2 + 120𝑥 120𝑥 𝑥 + 1 120 × 0.5(0.5 + 1)


= 2
= 2
= 2
= 22.5
2𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 + 1 2 × 0.5 + 1
Example#6: if the total revenue function is given by 𝑅 𝑥 = 60𝑥
And the total cost function is given by 𝐶 𝑥 = 200 + 10𝑥 + 0.1𝑥 2 ,
What is the marginal profit at 𝑥 = 10.
Solution: the profit function is given by 𝑃 𝑥 = 𝑅 − 𝐶 = −200 +
50𝑥 − 0.1𝑥 2
Now the marginal profit is
′
𝑑
𝑃 𝑥 = −200 + 50𝑥 − 0.1𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
= 50 − 0.2𝑥
𝑥 = 10
𝑃′ 10 = 50 − 0.2 10 = 48

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