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Cts2 Problem Sheet 5

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Cts2 Problem Sheet 5

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saicharantejareddyssctr
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EC3012D Communication Theory and Systems-II

Problem Sheet-5

14-11-2024
Based on ‘Matched filter, MAP and ML detection thresholds, Probability of
error, power efficiency of modulation schemes‘”

1. (Topic: Matched filter) Determine the impulse response of the filter matched to the
signal (peak to peak amplitude A, time period T) shown in Figure 1 and sketch it as a
function of time. Plot the matched filter output as well as the corresponding product
integrator output as a function of time.

Figure 1: Signal for question-1.

2. (Topic: Optimum Threshold and Probability of Error) In a binary communication ‘0’ is


transmitted using pulse p(t) and ‘1’ is transmitted using pulse 3p(t). Derive optimum
threshold. Sketch the ideal receiver and derive the probability of error.
3. (Topic: Optimum Threshold) For binary on-off signaling with a rectangular pulse
shape, consider the following receiver structures. For each case, derive the optimum
threshold to minimize PE . Assume the signals are equi-probable.
(a) The receiver is an integrate and dump receiver (Ideal integrator followed by a
sampler at every Tb sec, where Tb is the bit duration.)

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(b) The receiver is an RC integrator with
1 − Tt
h(t) = e b u(t)
Tb
followed by a sampler at every Tb sec.
4. (Topic: One-dimensional signal set) For 4-ary communication, messages are chosen
from any one of four message symbols, m1 = 00, m2 = 01, m3 = 10, and m4 = 11.
which are transmitted by pulses ±p(t), 0, and ±3p(t) respectively. A filter matched
to p(t) is used at the receiver. Denote the energy of p(t) as Ep . The channel noise is
AWGN with spectrum N0 /2. Assume all the message symbols are equally likely and
determine the optimum decision thresholds and the corresponding bit error probability
as a function of the average symbol energy.
5. (Topic: Probability of Error) Let r = s + n, where r is the received signal, s is the
transmitted signal, and n is Gaussian with zero mean. If one of two equally likely
messages is transmitted using s0 = −2, and s1 = 2, the optimum receiver yields a
probability of error PE = 0.01. Then, what is the minimum attainable probability of
error PE if three equally likely messages are transmitted using the signals s0 = −4, s1 =
0, s2 = 4? How does the answer change if it is known that E[n] = 1 rather than 0?
6. (Topic: Probability of Symbol Error for M-ary modulation schemes) For p the M’ary
communication
p system with M p = 4, the signals usedpare S1 (t) = −3 (E)ϕ(t),
S2 (t) = − (E)ϕ(t), S3 (t) = (E)ϕ(t), and S4 (t) = 3 (E)ϕ(t). Sketch signal con-
stellation. Design and sketch optimum signal receiver with a minimum number of
product integrators. If signals s2 (t) and s3 (t) occur with a probability of 0.3 each and
s1 (t) and s4 (t) occur with a probability of 0.2 each, sketch decision regions. Derive the
probability of symbol error.
7. (Topic: Probability of Error for MASK) In a MASK system, symbols of energy
√ √ √
0, E, 2 E, . . . , (M − 1) E

are used. Derive the expression for error probability.


8. (Topic: Power efficiency of MPSK) A binary source emits data at a rate of 512 kbps.
MPSK with M = 16 is used to modulate the data. Determine bandwidth and signal
power required, so that PE < 10−6 . Assume AWGN channel of N0 = 10−8 W/Hz.
9. (Topic: Power efficiency of modulation schemes) Derive the relation between the trans-
mitted energy of MASK and MPSK for the same symbol error probability.
10. (Topic: Power efficiency) Two passband data transmission systems are to be compared.
One system uses 16-PSK, and the other uses 16-QAM. Both systems are required to
produce an average probability of symbol error equal to 10−3 . Compare the signal-to-
noise ratio requirements of these two systems.

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11. (Topic: Optimal receiver and probability of error) A quaternary signaling scheme uses
four waveforms,
s1 (t) = 4ϕ1 (t)
s2 (t) = 2ϕ1 (t) + 2ϕ2 (t)
s3 (t) = −2ϕ1 (t) − 2ϕ2 (t)
s2 (t) = −4ϕ2 (t)
where ϕ1 (t) and ϕ2 (t) are orthonormal basis signals. All the signals are equiprobable,
and the channel noise is white Gaussian with PSD 10−4 .
(a) Represent these signals in the signal space, and determine the optimum decision
regions.
(b) Compute the error probability of the optimum receiver.
12. (Topic: Power efficiency comparison) A binary source emits data at a rate of 400,000
bit/s. In each of the following cases, determine the signal power required at the receiver
input and the minimum transmission bandwidth required if the noise power spectral
density = 10−8 and the bit error rate Pb , is required to be less than 10−6 .
(a) MASK with M = 2, 16, and 32 are considered.
(b) MPSK with M=2, 16, and 32 are considered.
13. (Topic: Comparison between modulation schemes)
(a) Consider a 16-PSK system with symbol error probability PE = 10−5 . A Gray
code is used for the symbol to bit assignment. What is the approximate bit error
probability?
(b) Repeat Part (a) for 16-FSK.
14. (Topic: Comparison between schemes) If a system’s main performance criterion is bit-
error probability, which of the following two modulation schemes would be selected for
transmission over an AWGN channel?
(a) 8-FSK with Eb /N0 = 8dB, or
(b) 8-PSK with Eb /N0 = 13dB.

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