International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)

Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | March - 2021 ISSN: 2582-3930

Two-Way Authentication Secured Voting System Using Biometric

Fingerprint
PraneshwarP, RahulR, Aravind A R
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College,Chennai 127

Abstract
Indiabeing the largest democracy faces a lot of issues during elections. Lot of controversies
are reported about voting system, voting machines, authentication of voting, corruptions during
elections etc. This paper describes a secured system that can eliminate such controversies involved
during the elections in our country. A prototype has been made and tested successfully with an
Arduino Mega 2560microcontroller-based RFID facilitated electronic voting machine possessing
aTwo-way authenticated fingerprint security. This device was developed by interfacing fingerprint
sensor, a keypad, GSM module, RFID reader, an LCD and a personal computerto an Arduino
Mega. Algorithm was developed and coded using the Arduino IDE. The main purpose of this system
is to give a straight and fair elections and to curb all other factors that affect it, this goal has been
achieved by providing dual verification of the voters based on their fingerprint and unique id. In
this system all the relevant information is taken from the voters and are stored in the
microcontroller, then they are provided with unique ID. The process of verification involves
matching of this id and fingerprint from the microcontroller. After verification process, the voter
receives a message to his/her mobile number via GSM technology. To avoid delay in the
announcement of results, there is a solution where when the polling officer verifies his authenticity,
he/she can get the vote count by pressing the designated number on the keypad. So, this is a faster
and more secured way of holding elections. This system is secured, reliable and also cost- effective.

Keywords: E-voting, Election, Finger-print, RFID, Arduino.

1. INTRODUCTION

Elections make a fundamental contribution to democratic government. Elections enable voters to

select leaders and to hold them accountable for their performance in office. So, the process of the voting
should be free from discrepancies. There were many voting systems earlier in the world such as, ballots,
electronic voting machine, punch card and direct electronic voting machines (DRE), but each of these
systems has several drawbacks. Many of these systems involve manual counting of votes, so there are
more chances of error, such as false counting influenced by the involved parties and it takes much time to
announce results. As technology evolves over time, the need for a better, faster, more convenient and
secure e-voting is an essential requirement. As the right to vote is an essential right of every citizen, it
should not be compromised by various fraudulent activities. Biometric verification such as fingerprint
verification, iris verification is the best way to get rid of this menace. As fingerprint is unique for
everyone, there couldn’t be any fraudulent activities. Generally, the announcement of results takes about
months and as a result of technology advancement the results can be announced earlier than other
conventional systems.

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | March - 2021 ISSN: 2582-3930

2. RELATED WORKS
A number of related works exist in literature. Review of recent works, merit and demerit are thus
presented.In general, our research covers the literature review from various sources based on secured
biometric voting system.
This device was developed by interfacing fingerprint sensor, a keypad, GSM module, real time
clock, an LCD and a personal computer to an Arduino Mega. Algorithm was developed and coded using
the Arduino IDE. The unit stores voter data, which includes biometric information, during registration and
randomly assign voting pins to registered voters to their given mobile numbers. Prior to voting, it checks
for a match with the stored data during the authentication by comparing biometric and then pin of a voter
to that in the database. Upon successful authentication, the voter is allowed to cast their vote, either in
open ballot or closed ballot mode. The device collates result of voting including time of each vote and can
deduce the winner based on majority votes [1].
This project is used to provide easy and more secured election process using biometric and face
recognition. More commonly the biometric is secure than any password or ID. But in recent times, there is
many chances to create fake finger prints as like originalone.To overcome this problem, face recognition
sensor can be used next to the step of fingerprint identification. The voter’s face detected and stored in the
database to recognize the person. If the match occurs,then the person is allowed to cast their votes only
once. This provides security against duplicate vote and fraudulent action [2].
The proposed system is Implemented using RFID and IoT (Internet of Things) to improvise the
security mechanisms.Here, an active RFID tag is used in place of voter id where the system can scan the
tag and matches with the fingerprints collected in the Aadhar database [3].Introducing a two-step
verification which will help avoid the middle man attack i.e., only when the voter is physically present the
fingerprint of the voter can be registered and only then the OTP will be sent to user’s mobile number this
in turn prevents fake voters [4].This paper describes the design, operation of smart EVM using
microcontroller, RFID, GSM technology to improve the election process by avoiding the electoral fraud
and to ensure safety, security, reliability, guarantee and transparency and smooth conduct of elections in
the country [5].
Another proposed system is made and tested successfully with an Arduino UNO based Aadhar
facilitated electronic voting machine. The process of verification involves matching of id and fingerprint
from the database [6]. The system consists of tamper proof card which is used to store all database. And
the voter can directly to go the machine to vote, there is no need of polling officer [7].
In this modern age of digitization, Bangladesh Election Commission (EC) still uses manual system
during election for vote casting. Recently, it is considering to introduce Electronic Voting Machine
(EVM) in parliamentary elections though EVM is not entirely automated and has many limitations. In this
work, we have designed an automated biometric voting system with a convenient user interface and
integrated database system containing all voters’ information. Casted votes will be counted automatically
at the end of the voting process and result will be generated centrally with less time [8].
The basic idea of this project is to create an electronic voting machine with the inclusion of
biometric fingerprint sensor, each voter is entered into the system only after being recognized and checked
with the given database of enlisted voters. Once the corresponding fingerprint is matched, the voter will be
allowed to proceed for choosing their preferred candidate from the panel of buttons. The final vote is then
displayed onto an LCD for the satisfaction of voters [9].

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | March - 2021 ISSN: 2582-3930

3.Methodology
The proposed system block diagram is shown in Figure 1 and consists of an Arduino Mega 2560 as
the main unit of the system. The sub-units interfaced to the Arduino include the keypad, fingerprint sensor,
RFID reader, liquid crystal display (LCD) and a GSM module. The software aspect was programmed using
the Arduino sketch on a personal computer and uploaded to the Arduino board Via USB port. External
power supply was thereafter used to power the system.

Figure 1 Block diagram of the proposed system

Initially, there will be a ‘n’ number of RFID tags. Each RFID tag has its own unique id number.
The Polling Officer will have one RFID tag. Then he verifies his fingerprint and starts the polling. And the
public voters cast their vote after their verification process. Each ID number is assigned to each
fingerprint. So, there is no way of cheating. After Polling Officer places his fingerprint, there will be three
options displayed on the LCD display. They are: 1. TOT (Total vote count), 2. PL-START (Start Polling),
3.PL-STOP (Stop Polling). After voting successfully, an acknowledgement message will be sent to the
corresponding voter’s mobile number.
In our proposed voting process, verification for authorized voter is done with the help of fingerprint
scanner, which ensures that voter is registered voter and only authorized voters are allowed to cast votes.
This also assures the physical presence of the voter. Multiple votes of single voter cannot be casted as only
one vote per user is allowed. If the voter tries to cast multiple votes alarm will be activated and the
respective personals will be informed through SMS via GSM. Thus, our system eliminates the chances of
multiple voting, fake votes, booth capturing which makes our system more secured.This system will abort
malpractices carried out under the name of elections and will ensure unique allocation of votes. As the
Polling Officer has the authority to start and stop the polling, there is no chance of malpractices. In case of
finger mismatch or multiple voting, a message will be sent to the Polling Officer’s mobile number through
GSM.

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | March - 2021 ISSN: 2582-3930

4. RESULTSANDDISCUSSION
The results highlight how the components, methods and interconnections described in methodology
are geared towards solving the issues of voter fraud, voter impersonation and result rigging as stated
earlier.
4.1 Experimental setup
In this section, we estimate performances of the proposed system method, with Arduino Mega 2560
as its microcontroller, the instructions provided to the Arduino is executed and the desired results are
obtained. Figure 2 depicts the experimental setup of the Two-Way Authentication Secured Voting System.

Figure 2 Experimental Setup of Proposed System

The below mentioned results are the output that is obtained during the execution of the proposed
system.
4.2 Initial voting phase
Initially the Polling Officer places his/her RFID tag and then places his fingerprint on the
fingerprint scanner to initiate the election process in the corresponding booth. The message “PLACE
VOTER ID” is being displayed in the LCD monitor as shown infigure 3.

Figure 3 Initial Voting Phase

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | March - 2021 ISSN: 2582-3930

When the Polling Officer places his/her RFID tag on the RFID reader, the RFID reader scans
the tag and displays “WELCOME PO PERSON:”. Then the Polling Officer places his fingerprint on the
fingerprint sensor. If the fingerprint is authentic and is matched, then the LCD displays “FOUND:”.
Figure 4 depicts the verification process of RFID.

Figure 4 Verification of RFID Tag

Figure 5 depicts the fingerprint verification process after placing the fingerprint. The
fingerprint sensor switches on once the welcome message is displayed.

Figure 5 Fingerprint Verification Process

4.3 Polling Starting Phase
After the verification of Polling Officer’s fingerprint, three options will be displayed on the LCD
display. They are: 1.TOT (Total Vote Count), 2. PL-START (Start the polling) and 3. PL-STP (Stop the
polling). Figure6depicts this phase.

Figure 6 Polling Officer’s Options

When the Polling Officer presses 2 to start the polling, the polling is started and the public voters
can cast their vote after verification. Figure7 depicts the polling starting phase .

Figure 7 Polling Starting Phase

4.4 Candidate Information Zone
The voters can cast their vote by pressing the corresponding number of the candidate. Figure8 depicts the
candidate information zone.

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | March - 2021 ISSN: 2582-3930

Figure 8 Candidate Information Zone

After pressing the corresponding number, the vote is casted and it displays the message
“VOTED SUCCESSFUL”.
4.5 Total Count and Authentication Phase
When the Polling Officer presses 1, the total vote count is displayed on the LCD display. Then the
authentication problems such as fingerprint mismatch and voting multiple times are found and displayed
on the LCD screen and a message will be sent to the Polling Officer’s number. Figure 9 depicts the total
count of votes.

Figure 9 Total Count and Authentication Phase

Figure 10 depicts the fingerprint mismatch message.

Figure 10 Fingerprint Mismatch Message

Figure 11 depicts the already voted message.

Figure 11 Already Voted Phase

4.6 Acknowledgement Message via GSM
After casting votes, each voter receives an acknowledgement message to their mobile phones
which is shown in figure 12 and the Polling Officer receives any message regarding violations
performed during voting to his/her mobile phones with the help of GSM technology.

Figure 12 Acknowledgement message via GSM

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | March - 2021 ISSN: 2582-3930

5. CONCLUSION
Electoral process in many developing nations is characterized with fraud and failure and this in
most cases leads to crises. Through this project, the proposed system puts forward an ideal electronic voting
machine that uses a microcontroller to handle all the processes. This system is easy to use, convenient and
economic in comparison with the conventional paper- based vote casting scheme and current e-voting
system. The main advantage of using this system is that as fingerprints of everybody is specific and unique,
the duplication of votes can be avoided. In total, this system overcomes most of the problems faced during
the voting period by the paper ballot system. The efficiency of this system depends upon the authentication
using fingerprint sensor and its usability. This will surely ensure a safer voting method which is very much
what is required for a healthy growth of a developing nation. In this paper, the proposed Fingerprint based
voting system is better and faster than previous systems. The new system prevents access to illegal voters,
provides ease of use, transparency and maintains integrity of the voting process. The system also prevents
multiple votes by the same person and checks eligibility of the voter. Additionally, the voter will receive an
acknowledgement message to their mobile phone via GSM technology enabled in the proposed system.
Fingerprint based voting system has provided chance to avoid invalid votes. It reduces the polling time,
reduces the staff present in the voting center, it provides easy and accurate counting without any troubles,
provisioning of voting preventive measures.The pursuits of knowledge to create an acceptable electronic
voting system envisage the importance of the authentication method.

6. REFERENCES
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(2019) ‘Design and Development of an Arduino Based Electronic Voting
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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | March - 2021 ISSN: 2582-3930

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