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EEE121 Lab 2

ECA Lab report 02

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17 views

EEE121 Lab 2

ECA Lab report 02

Uploaded by

514syedalizain514
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Circuits Analysis Lab Assignment 2 19-09-2024

EEE121-Electric Circuits Analysis 1

LAB #2 Experimental verification of Ohm’s law

And introduction to LTSPICE/ Circuits Maker

Name Mushahid Hussain


Abu Bakar
Zammar
Waiz bin Aftab
Registration no FA24-BEE-235
FA24-BEE-038
FA24-BEE-260
FA24-BEE-276
Class BEE-1E
Submitted to Sir Sharjeel Raiz

LAB ASSESMENT

In Lab Post Lab Total


Data Data Writing
Presentation Analysis Style
Electric Circuits Analysis Lab Assignment 2 19-09-2024

Introduction to Lab:
In this lab we are meant to verify Ohms law experimentally and would find the relationship between
voltage and current and resistance in a circuit. We are also meant to learn how to create and
simulate the circuits in LTSPICE

Theory:
Introduction to lab instrument:

1. Power Supply:
It is used as a voltage or current source. It is used to provide stable electricity.
2. Breadboard:

A breadboard is a board used to connect electronic components, such as wires, resistors,


capacitors, and coils, to conduct various experiments and projects. A breadboard, solderless
breadboard, or protoboard is a construction base used to build semi-permenent prototypes of
electronic circuits. Unlike a perfboard or stripboard, breadboards do not require soldering or
destruction of tracks and are hence reusable. Most electronic components in electronic circuits
can be interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the holes and then making
connections through wires where appropriate.

3. Digital Multimeter (DMM)

A digital multimeter (DMM) is a versatile electronic device used to measure various


electrical properties, including voltage, current, and resistance. The device displays the
measurements on a digital screen, making it easy to read and understand the results accurately. A
digital multimeter, DMM, measures and verifies multiple electrical quantities, including voltage,
current and resistance. It's a daily diagnostic tool used by technicians and electrical engineers and
combines the features of a voltmeter, ammeter and ohmmeter
Electric Circuits Analysis Lab Assignment 2 19-09-2024

4. LTSPICE:

LTSPICE is Analog Devices' high performance circuit simulation program, which allows you
to draft, probe, and analyze the performance of your circuit design. LTspice contains an integrated
schematic editor, waveform viewer, and advanced features that are easy to use once you learn some
basic commands.

Fig 1 Fig 2

Post Lab Activity:


In previous lab we get familiar with the LTSPICE software which is used for drawing electric circuits
model and sketching the graph of the diagram. The LTSPICE software help us to understand the
circuit easily.

Lab Activity Reading:

Volts 2.21k kΩΩ


Simulated Measured Calculated
0.5 V 0.26 0.25 0.25
1.5 V 0.78 0.78 0.75
2.5 V 1.25 1.25 1.25
3.5 V 1.75 1.85 1.75
4.5 V 2.25 2.29 2.25
5V 2.55 2.57 2.55
Volts
Simulate Measured Calculated
d
0.5 V 0.15 0.15 0.15
1.5 V 0.46 0.48 0.46
2.5 V 0.78 0.78 0.78
3.5 V 0.10 0.110 0.10
4.5 V 0.14 0.142 0.14
5V 0.15 0.156 0.15
Volts 5kΩ
Simulated Measured Calculated
V=IR
0.5 V 0.0877 0.0878 0.0877
1.5 V 0.0263 0.0264 0.0263
2.5 V 0.0438 0.0438 0.0438
3.5 V 0.0614 0.0615 0.0614
4.5 V 0.0789 0.0788 0.0789
5V 0.0877 0.0876 0.0877
Electric Circuits Analysis Lab Assignment 2 19-09-2024

I=V/R

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Post Lab Task:


Answer the following Questions:

1. What is advantage of using LTSPICE in circuits analysis?

Answer: Following are the advantages of LTSPICE

Free to use: Accessible for everyone.

User friendly Interface: Easy to draft and analysis circuits.

Versatile Analysis option: Support various types of analysis.

Error Reduction: Helps identity and correct errors early.

2. What would happen if a wire having no resistance at all 0 Ohm was connected directly
across the terminal over 6 volts battery? How much current would results according to
Ohm law?
Electric Circuits Analysis Lab Assignment 2 19-09-2024

Answer: If a wire with zero resistance 0 Ohms is connected directly across the terminal of a
6 volts battery, According to Ohm’s law the current would theoretically be infinite
Ohm’s Law is given by:
(I) is current
(V) is the voltage
(R) Is the resistance
Substituting the values:
I=6/0
Since dividing by zero is undefined in mathematics it implies that an infinite current. In
reality thiswould cause a short circuit potentially damaging the battery and the wire and
could be very dangerous.
3. How would you place a DC current source with downward direction on LTSPICE schematic?
Answer: Add current source then type current, and place the symbol. Secondly select the
source and points arrow downward. Then click the source and set the DC value. Attach the
positive terminal to the entry node and the negative terminal to the exit node.
4. When you simulate the circuit in LTSPICE the magnitude of current through all elements is
same. However negative sign appeared with current through voltage source. What is the
reason?
Answer: In LTSPICE the negative sign indicates for the current through source indicates the
direction of current flow. By convention, LTSPICE defines the current flowing into the
positive terminal of a voltage source as negative. This is because the voltage source is
delivering power, not observing it So if you see a negative current value it means the current
is flowing out of the terminal of the voltage source which is typical for a source delivering
power to the circuit.

Analysis/ Conclusion:
 Ohm’s law is verified through this experiment by comparing simulated and
measured values.
 And also we know about LTSPICE software in which we can builts circuits and easily
found value of current.

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