MAAE 3300 (Section B): Fluid Mechanics II

Fall 2024

COURSE OUTLINE

Instructors:

Section A Section B

Prof. John Gaydos Prof. Joana Rocha

COURSE COORDINATOR

Phone: 613 520-2600 ext. 8282 613 520-2600 ext. 3199

Email: [email protected] [email protected]
Office Hours: After class and/or by appointment After class and/or by appointment
Mon, Wed: 11:35 - 12:55 Tue, Thu: 10:05 - 11:25
Lectures:
SA 306 NI 3020

Course Description:
Fluid Mechanics is one of the most interesting and widely applicable subject areas in all of engineer-
ing. Familiar examples and applications include diverse topics such as aerodynamics (e.g. flight, lift,
and drag); weather; biology (circulation, breathing, etc.); transportation (combustion, vehicle de-
sign); water transport; hydroelectric power, wind-turbines, pollutant dispersion, along with numerous
other fascinating and important areas. Students have already learned in MAAE2300 (Fluid Mechanics
I) the fundamentals of fluid mechanics in static and dynamic contexts, with a focus on the applica-
tion of the mass, momentum and energy conservation principles to engineering problems. In MAAE
3300, we will extend our knowledge of fluid mechanics to: compressible flows, including the subsonic
and supersonic regimes; viscous laminar and turbulent flows, including boundary layers, lubrication
flows and fully-developed internal flows; and the foundational subjects of dimensional analysis and
similitude. Laboratory experiments will provide “hands-on” examples and experience to complement
the lecture material.

Prerequisites:
MATH 2004: Multivariable Calculus for Engineering or Physics
MAAE 2300: Fluid Mechanics I

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Weekly (Approximate) Breakdown of Lectures:

Introduction
Week 1 Review of Bernoulli, mass conservation, momentum and energy equations, limitations
and applications for their use.

Compressible Flows
Week 2 Ideal gas relations, speed of sound, Mach number, classification of flows based on
Mach number.
Week 3 Adiabatic and isentropic flows, Mach number relations, relationship to Bernoulli equa-
tion, critical values at sonic point. Compressible nozzle flows: isentropic flow with
area changes, choking, operation of converging and diverging nozzles.
Week 4 Compressible duct flows: compressible duct flows with friction (Fanno flow), compres-
sible duct flow with heat transfer (Rayleigh flow).
Week 5 Normal shock waves, moving normal shock waves, two-dimensional compressible
flows: oblique shock waves, Mach cone, strong, weak and very weak shocks, examples.
Week 6 Prandtl-Meyer expansion waves, application to supersonic airfoils, thin airfoil theory.

Dimensional Analysis and Similitude

Week 7 The principle of dimensional homogeneity: variables and constants, choice of variables
and scaling parameters, selection of scaling (or repeating) variables.
Week 8 The Pi theorem and examples of its application. Geometric, kinematic and dynamic
similarity.

Viscous Flow Theory

Week 9 Introduction to laminar and turbulent flows; analysis of simple laminar flows.
Week 10 Boundary layers: boundary layer thicknesses, momentum integral equation with zero
pressure gradient, boundary layers with pressure gradients.
Week 11 Hydrodynamic lubrication.
Week 12 Flow past immersed bodies: flow separation, drag and lift.

You are encouraged to attend the lecture periods. Problem analysis (PA) will begin during the week of
September16th, during the periods and locations as follows:
L01 Fri. 11:35 - 14:25 ME3356 (Mackenzie Building)
L02 Fri. 14:35 - 17:25 CB2400 (Canal Building)
L03 Wed. 14:35 - 17:25 ME3356 (Mackenzie Building)
L04 Thu. 11:35 - 14:25 ME4236 (Mackenzie Building)
L05 Tue. 11:35 - 14:25 CB3400 (Canal Building)
L06 Thu. 14:35 - 17:25 TB217 (Tory Building)

You may attend any of these PA periods but there will be no PA sessions during the weeks when there
are laboratory sessions. During the PA periods, a sequence of problems will be assigned to you to do
and to hand-in for grading. The purpose is to provide you with an opportunity to develop your prob-
lem solving skills and to obtain feedback on your efforts.

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Learning Objectives:
Knowledge Base (CEAB Graduate Attribute 1)
• Discipline-specific concept MAE-6: Thermofluids
• Understanding compressible flow behaviour in engineering applications.
• Dimensional analysis and similitude in problem analysis and experimental design.
• Understanding introductory boundary layer flows and other subjects included in the course
topics.
Problem Analysis (CEAB Graduate Attribute 2)
• Utilize the knowledge learned to analyze lab experimental errors.
• Ability to make assumptions to solve assigned problems.
• Compare lab results with theory.
Investigation (CEAB Graduate Attribute 3)
• Using the laboratory equipment, investigate flow behaviour.
• Investigation: complex problem assessment, design of experiment, experimental procedure,
data reduction methods and results, interpretation of data (synthesis) and discussion
Communication (CEAB Graduate Attribute 7)
• Prepare lab reports.
• Study lab manuals and text book.
• Follow instructions provided by lab supervisors.

Course Materials:
Manual: MAAE 3300 Laboratory Manual (to be downloaded from course website in Brightspace)

Recommended Textbooks:
• White, Fluid Mechanics, 8th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 2016 (ISBN 978-0-07-339827-3).

• Munson, Okiishi, Huebsch, Rothmayer, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 7th Ed., Wiley, 2013
(ISBN 978-1-118-11613-5)

• Cengel and Cimbala, Fluid Mechanics - Fundamentals and Applications, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill,
2018 (ISBN 978-1-259-69653-4)

The three recommended textbooks are also available in the Carleton University library.

Grading:
The final grade for the course will be determined as follows:
Laboratory Reports: 20% (5% per report)
Term Tests: 15% (5% per test)
Final Exam: 65% (we will supply supplementary material info for the exam)

The final examination is for evaluation purposes only and answers will not be returned to the students. You
must pass the final exam to pass the course. Please note that successful completion of laboratory work is an
important requirement of professionally accredited engineering programs. Failure to submit any laboratory
report or to receive a passing grade for the reports will result in a grade of F (failure, no deferred exam
option) for the course. Laboratory Reports, problem solutions, and final exam are individual work and will
be checked for plagiarism. Carleton University’s Academic Integrity Policy is at https://carleton.ca/regis-
trar/academic-integrity/ for information on our commitment to academy integrity.

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Course Problems and Problem Questions for PA Sessions:
Course problems will be assigned collectively via an e-mail announcement using BrightSpace and your
solutions will need to be submitted online. All problems will be available through BrightSpace post-
ings.

Final Exam:
The closed-book final examination will include supplementary pages of equations, tables and graphs.
It is an individual effort and will test all material from the entire course.

Laboratory Experiments and Reports:

All students are expected to perform four (4) laboratory experiments, as described in the course
manual. This year, laboratory pre-recorded videos will also be provided online but all lab. experi-
ments will be in-person and attendance at each lab. experiment is mandatory. Students are re-
quired to submit their individual laboratory reports electronically in either .doc or .pdf formats
(scanned reports are not acceptable) through the BrightSpace website specific to their laboratory
section (i.e., Sections L01, L02, etc.), one calendar week after your scheduled laboratory (that
is, before 6 pm local Ottawa time when the submission portal closes). Late submissions will be
penalized at a rate of 10 (out of 100) marks per day and must be sent via e-mail to the respec-
tive TA (see e-mail info. for each TA below). It is the students’ responsibility to ensure that the
files submitted are functional as corrupt files will be treated as non/late submissions. Require-
ments for laboratory report preparation as well as report marking are provided on pages 7-9 of this
document. Students who have successfully completed the laboratory work during a previous registra-
tion in the course will not be granted an exemption from the laboratory component of this course.
All students must complete the laboratory requirements this term.

Problem Analysis (PA) Sessions:

The final examination will be a combination of problems that cover the content of material present-
ed in the course notes. Problem solving proficiency will be essential in order to succeed in the
course. We will focus on developing problem solving skills in the Problem Analysis (PA) sessions. How-
ever, the range of possible problems in fluid mechanics is enormous. Possible problems cannot be
categorized into a few “standard” types. Adaptability and development of your problem solving skills
is essential and it is therefore extremely important to develop a sound understanding of the subject
matter. To develop the necessary understanding and proficiency at solving problems it is essential to
solve a substantial number of problems, and be able to do so relatively independently. Questions
about the problems will be answered at the scheduled lecture or PA seminar times. Students are ex-
pected to be available during these meeting times. Practice problems will be assigned through hand-
outs on the BrightSpace website. During the term, students are expected to complete them. To assist
you as much as possible, PA sessions will be arranged to help you as you work through these prob-
lems. Selected example problems will also be solved in detail during these sessions. All students are
expected to attend the PA sessions.

Requests for Academic Accommodations:

You may need special arrangements to meet your academic obligations during the term. For an accommodation
request, the processes are as follows:
Pregnancy obligation
Please contact your instructor with any requests for academic accommodation during the rst two weeks of class,
or as soon as possible after the need for accommodation is known to exist. For more details, visit the Equity Ser-
vices website: https://carleton.ca/equity/wp-content/uploads/Student-Guide-to-Academic-Accommodation.pdf
Religious obligation
Please contact your instructor with any requests for academic accommodation during the first two weeks of

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fi
class, or as soon as possible after the need for accommodation is known to exist. For more details, visit the
Equity Services website: https://carleton.ca/equity/wp-content/uploads/Student-Guide-to-Academic-Accom-
modation.pdf

Academic Accommodations for Students with Disabilities

If you have a documented disability requiring academic accommodations in this course, please contact the Paul
Menton Centre for Students with Disabilities (PMC) at 613-520-6608 or [email protected] for a formal evaluation
or contact your PMC coordinator to send your instructor your Letter of Accommodation at the beginning of the
term. You must also contact the PMC no later than two weeks before the first in-class scheduled test or exam
requiring accommodation (if applicable). After requesting accommodation from PMC, meet with your instructor
as soon as possible to ensure accommodation arrangements are made. For more details, visit the Paul Menton
Centre website: https://carleton.ca/pmc/

Survivors of Sexual Violence

As a community, Carleton University is committed to maintaining a positive learning, working and living envi-
ronment where sexual violence will not be tolerated, and where survivors are supported through academic ac-
commodations as per Carleton’s Sexual Violence Policy. For more information about the services available at
the university and to obtain information about sexual violence and/or support, visit: carleton.ca/sexual-vio-
lence-support

Accommodation for Student Activities

Carleton University recognizes the substantial benefits, both to the individual student and for the university,
that result from a student participating in activities beyond the classroom experience. Reasonable accommoda-
tion must be provided to students who compete or perform at the national or international level. Please con-
tact your instructor with any requests for academic accommodation during the first two weeks of class, or as
soon as possible after the need for accommodation is known to exist. For more details, see the policy: https://
carleton.ca/senate/wp-content/uploads/Accommodation-for-Student-Activities-1.pdf

For more information on academic accommodation, please contact the departmental administrator or visit:
students.carleton.ca/course-outline

PA Sessions and Laboratory (L sections) times:

L Section Date & Time PA Locations
01 Fri: 11:35 - 14:25 ME 3356

02 Fri: 14:35 - 17:25 CB 2400

03 Wed: 14:35 - 17:25 ME 3356

04 Thu: 11:35 - 14:25 ME 4236

05 Tue: 11:35 - 14:25 CB 3400

06 Thu: 14:35 - 17:25 TB 217

Teaching Assistants (information will also be provided through Brightspace):

Nikolai Calderon Cangrejo ([email protected])
Austin Dahlseide ([email protected])
Daniel Delgado ([email protected])
Sina Kazemi ([email protected])
Milad Mohammadikharkeshi ([email protected])
Zuoxi Zhao ([email protected])

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PA Sessions and Laboratory Schedule:

Week: Activity:

02 Sep. - 06 Sep. No PA or Laboratory Sessions for all L0#s.

09 Sep. - 13 Sep. No PA or Laboratory Sessions for all L0#s.

16 Sep. - 20 Sep. A Session #1 Review; NO Laboratory Sessions for all L0#s this week.

23 Sep. - 27 Sep. Laboratory Session #1 Compressible Flow for ALL L0#s this week (ME3220).You
must submit your lab. report (to BrightSpace) one week after your lab. period.
Late reports will be penalized at a rate of 10% per day until submitted.
There will be no PA sessions on the weeks when there are laboratory sessions.

30 Sep. - 04 Oct. PA Session #2 Compressible Flow - Mach Number Relations

Term Test #01 Assigned on Sep. 28th via BrightSpace e-mail & via posting.
Term Test #01 is due Oct. 05th by 6 pm (Late submissions NOT accepted).
Submit your solutions via BrightSpace.

07 Oct. - 11 Oct. Laboratory Session #2 Compressible Pipe Flow for All L0#s this week (ME2180).
You must submit your lab. report (to BrightSpace) one week after your lab.
period with 07 Oct. students submitting their labs. one day after Thanksgiving
on 15 Oct. Late reports will be penalized at a rate of 10% per day until
submitted. PA Session #3 Compressible Flow - Nozzle Flows problems will be
available via BrightSpace (posted) BUT there will be no PA sessions on the
weeks when there are laboratory sessions.

14 Oct. - 18 Oct. PA Session #3 Compressible Flow - Nozzle Flows and/or

PA Session #4 Compressible Flow - Duct Flow (Rayleigh, Fanno).

21 Oct. - 25 Oct. Fall term break, No classes or labs. scheduled during this week.

28 Oct. - 01 Nov. Term Test #02 Assigned on Oct. 26th via BrightSpace e-mail & via posting.
Term Test #02 is due Nov. 2nd by 6 pm (Late submissions NOT accepted).
PA Session #4 Compressible Flow - Duct Flow (Rayleigh, Fanno), continued.

04 Nov. - 08 Nov. Session #5 Compressible Flow - Shock & Expansion Waves.

11 Nov. - 15 Nov. Laboratory Session #3 Losses in Pipe Flow for All L0#s this week (ME2180). You
must submit your lab. report (to BrightSpace) one week after your lab. period.
Late reports will be penalized at a rate of 10% per day until submitted.

18 Nov. - 22 Nov. Term Test #03 Assigned on Nov. 16th via BrightSpace e-mail & via posting.
Term Test #03 is due Nov. 24th by 6 pm (Late submissions NOT accepted).
PA Session #5 Compressible Flow - Shock & Expansion Waves and/or
PA Session #6 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude.

25 Nov. - 29 Nov. Laboratory Session #4 Wind Tunnel Investigation of Drag for ALL L0#s this week
(ME2180). You must submit your lab. report (to BrightSpace) one week after
your lab. period or by Fri. Dec. 6th (At the latest).
Late reports will be penalized at a rate of 10% per day until submitted.

02 Dec. - 06 Dec. PA Session #6 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude and/or

PA Session #7 Viscous Flows.
Fall term ends on Friday Dec. 6th, 2024 (date follows a Monday schedule).

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 Requirements for the preparation of laboratory reports
1 INTRODUCTION

Each student will be required to perform four (4) laboratory experiments. A semi-formal report on
each experiment must be submitted electronically one week after performing the experiments, as
described in Section 3.0 below. There are two main goals for the experiments:

i. To develop a familiarity with the basic experimental methods for measuring common fluid-flow
quantities, such as pressure, velocity and flow rate.
ii. To examine the validity of a number of the simplifying assumptions commonly used in the engi-
neering analysis of fluid flows.

The latter goal will be achieved by comparing the experimental results with a corresponding simpli-
fied analysis for the experimental flow. Your report should specifically discuss the degree to which
the simplifying assumptions appear to be supported by the measurements.

The report must be prepared according to the specification given in the next section. All reports
must be typed although hand calculations are permissible for submission as an Appendix.

2 REPORT REQUIREMENTS

The report should contain, IN THE ORDER GIVEN BELOW, the following items:

Title page: Correct title, author and date. Also note the L0# group number and names of the part-
ners (if any) at the bottom of the page. Authors should include their email address.

Summary: A brief statement of the purpose of the experiment and a very concise summary of the
main results and conclusions. This should not exceed 200 words in length. The goal is to enable a po-
tential reader to see if the report contains material of interest to him/her. See the end of this sec-
tion for a sample Summary.

Nomenclature: (also called a List of Symbols): Lists all the symbols, parameters, and variables with
their appropriate SI units in alphabetical order (Latin first and then Greek symbols).

Flow Analysis: Each of the flows that will be measured can also be analyzed with the methods taught
in the course. This section presents, with brief explanatory notes, the equations and derived results
which will be compared with the measurements. The outlines of the experiments in this manual indi-
cate specific analyses which must be included. Equations should be numbered where appropriate so
that reference can be made to them in the discussion of the results.

Experimental Setup and Procedure: This section must include a neat, fully-labelled schematic
drawing of the experimental set-up. Apart from this, if the experiment was conducted entirely ac-
cording to the outline in the manual, a single sentence to that effect is sufficient. Otherwise, record
any deviations from the outline (e.g. due to problems with the apparatus or instrumentation, mea-
surement approach, etc.) with a brief explanation.

Results and Discussion: This section presents and discusses the data acquired during the experiment.
Where possible, results should be plotted to facilitate comparisons and assessments. These graphs
should be placed within the text. Reference can be made to the Appendix in which the detailed re-
sults are tabulated, but the main body of the report must be readable without reference to this Ap-
pendix.

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The results should be interpreted and assessed for accuracy and credibility. Any discrepancies should
be discussed: this includes the major sources of error and plausible magnitudes of these errors, and
any particularly interesting or unusual features of the results. Finally, there must be a discussion of
the apparent validity of each of the simplifying assumptions used in the analysis, in the light of the
comparison between the analysis and the measurements.

Conclusions: This section lists the specific conclusions arrived at on the basis of the work described
in the report. Conclusions must be significant, pertinent and valid; they must be substantiated by
data and discussion in your report, and they must be appropriate.

References: (if appropriate): Citations are to be correctly ordered and should include authors, titles,
periodical title or publisher as appropriate, and date of publication (a reference is incomplete unless
a reader can actually locate it).

Appendices: These should be properly identified as to their content. A second appendix should
present the detailed analysis of the measurements, including: sample calculations for all but the
most trivial calculations; detailed data tables (e.g. in the form of the output from a spreadsheet
program, if used); and listings of any computer programs written to analyze the data.

Semi-formal reports such as the present one might be prepared for internal use in a company. They
can omit the detailed discussion of the background, theory and experimental methods which would
normally be included in a more formal report, such as one prepared for an outside client. The "Sum-
mary" must therefore provide any introductory comments needed to make the report understand-
able. As an example, the following might be a suitable summary for a semi-formal report which re-
ports a performance test for a centrifugal pump:

“Pressure rise versus flow rate measurements were made for a Model 255 centrifugal pump at rota-
tional speeds of 600, 1200 and 1800 RPM. The non-dimensional head coefficient versus flow coeffi-
cient data were found to fall on a single curve. This indicates that the pump performance was not a
function of Reynolds number for the range of conditions examined. For each speed, the inlet pres-
sure was also reduced, for constant pressure rise across the pump, until cavitation occurred. The av-
erage value of the Suction Specific Speed (a cavitation parameter) was found to be 2.4. This is at the
low end of the range typically found for centrifugal pumps. Thus, the present pump has somewhat
poor resistance to cavitation.”

3 REPORT SUBMISSION

Students will be required to submit their individual laboratory report electronically in either .doc
or .pdf formats (scanned reports are not acceptable!) through the BrightSpace website specific to
their laboratory section (i.e., L01, L02, etc...), one week after performing their laboratory exer-
cise and by 6 pm local Ottawa time (the BrightSpace submission portal closes at 6 pm). Marked
reports will be available through the BrightSpace website approximately one week later. Reports will
be carefully checked for plagiarism. Plagiarism cases are dealt with at the faculty level and may
result in a failed grade, being expelled from a course or program. The late penalty is 10 marks/day
(or fraction thereof) out of a maximum possible of 100 marks. One complete report must be sub-
mitted for each experiment, even if it is late. Late reports will be marked and annotated as normal
before the late penalty is deducted. Reports that are deemed to be too incomplete to grade will be
returned for revision and will incur a late penalty. In line with engineering accreditation require-
ments, four complete reports must be submitted and an overall passing grade must be obtained for
the laboratory portion of the course in order to pass the course as a whole.

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4 MARKING SCHEME FOR REPORTS

The reports will be marked out of 40 with the following breakdown:

i. General Format [10]

• General organization (according to the format specified in the manual) and readability
• Appropriate, fully-labelled graphs

ii. Results [10]

• Complete theoretical analysis, as specified in the manual
• Correctness and completeness of reduced data
• Complete sample calculation included as an Appendix

iii. Discussion and Conclusions [20]

• Discussion of results (agreement with theoretical analysis and possible sources of discrepancy;
sources of experimental error, inaccuracy and scatter; etc.)
• Brief, specific conclusions.

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