JPPIPA 10(6) (2024)

Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA

Journal of Research in Science Education

http://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jppipa/index

Development of Electronic Teaching Materials Using Flip PDF

Professional in Class V Elementary School
Feby Kurniawan1*, Daharnis2, Zelhendri Zen3, Yeni Erita1

1 Universitas Negeri Padang, Basic Education, Indonesia

2 Universitas Negeri Padang, Guidance and Counseling, Indonesia.
3 Universitas Negeri Padang, Educational Technology, Indonesia.

Received: April 13, 2024 Abstract: Flip PDF Professional is software that has the ability to convert
Revised: May 09, 2024 PDF documents into digital rotating pages, which enables the creation of
Accepted: June 20, 2024 interactive learning content with a variety of supporting features. This
Published: June 30, 2024 research includes a type of research and development that develops,
produces, validates and tests whether the product is effective or not and can
Corresponding Author: be accounted for. This research uses the ADDIE model where the stages are
Feby Kurniawan A (Analysis), D (Design), D (Development), I (Implementation) and E
[email protected] (Evaluation). Based on the results of the validity test of electronic teaching
materials using Flip PDF Professional in class V elementary school, the
DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v10i6.7610 material expert assessment results were 96% in the very valid category,
media/design experts were 88% in the very valid category and language
© 2024 The Authors. This open access article is experts were 95% in the very valid category. very valid. Meanwhile, the
distributed under a (CC-BY License) practicality results show very practical criteria after assessing practicality by
students with an average score of 92.77% in the very practical category and
practicality assessment by teachers with an average score of 86.67% in the
very practical category. This shows that electronic teaching materials using
Flip PDF Professional in class V elementary schools meet the criteria of being
very practical and valid for application in elementary schools.

Keywords: Canva; Electronic Teaching Materials; Flip PDF Professional

Introduction to prepare students to be ready to carry out their roles in

the future (Khofifah et al., 2019; Yandri et al., 2013).
Education is the main foundation for someone to Education units have an important role in
understand and manage life in this world. In education, determining the quality of education. The quality of
there is interaction between teachers and students who education can certainly be improved through an
are reciprocal to study a field of science (Wilujeng et al., effective learning process (Nursaptini et al., 2022).
2021). The knowledge gained through education is able Teachers have an important role in determining
to guide individuals in taking steps that support educational success and the quality of the learning
personal progress and preparation for the future. One of process. As educators at the elementary level, teachers
the right ways to improve the quality of human are expected to be able to create interesting, effective and
resources is through education. Good education reflects enjoyable learning experiences for students (Devirita et
a good country because education affects the quality of al., 2021).
human resources in that country (Hasbie et al., 2023). The learning process carried out cannot be
Teaching in education is very important to prepare separated from the teaching materials used in each
students who have good character, knowledge, learning process. Teachers rely heavily on teaching
intelligence, and skills/expertise. Education is an action materials, but they do not develop teaching materials
___________
How to Cite:
Kurniawan, F., Daharnis, Zen, Z., & Erita, Y. (2024). Development of Electronic Teaching Materials Using Flip PDF Professional in Class V
Elementary School. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(6), 3212–3220. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i6.7610
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) June 2024, Volume 10, Issue 6, 3212-3220

that suit students' learning needs and situations learning experiences, and students' skills in the
(Ridhoni et al., 2023). Teaching materials are very classroom because students must learn independently
important so that the learning process can be understood and discover concepts in their own way, but still under
well by students (Indrawini et al., 2019). Teachers play a the guidance and supervision of the teacher.
full role in the learning process, but can now be replaced One of the causes of low student learning outcomes
by using technological devices (Devirita et al., 2021). The is an inefficient learning process. Learning outcomes can
type of learning in question is the provision of learning be interpreted as the maximum results achieved by a
programs with the aim that students can learn and student after experiencing the teaching and learning
experience an experience (Syadida, 2022). Therefore, to process in studying certain subject matter (Amalya et al.,
realize the goals of learning, they must be realized in 2021). Lack of interaction between teachers and students
learning within the school environment. With learning, during learning often occurs because most of the
children will be given knowledge to become individuals teacher's time is spent providing explanations of
who think critically (Andayani, 2020). What things are material that has been prepared, while students focus on
given to students are listed in a curriculum. being recipients of information. As a result, they never
The current curriculum is the Merdeka curriculum. try anything new and just copy what the teacher does.
Independent Curriculum is a term related to an Because students believe that doing as the teacher shows
educational approach that gives students more freedom is enough to solve the problem, students do not have the
to explore, choose and direct their own learning. ability to find alternative solutions. During initial
Independent Curriculum is a curriculum idea that observations carried out in three schools, the value of the
requires independence from teachers and students Learning Goal Achievement Criteria (KKTP) for the
(Maulita et al., 2021). This curriculum aims to help science and science lessons used was 80. The students'
students develop critical thinking skills, creativity, summative assessment of science and science was still
initiative and independence. relatively low.
One of the distinctive characteristics of the Merdeka In an era that continues to change rapidly,
Curriculum is the combination of Natural Sciences (IPA) technology integration has become very important in the
and Social Sciences (IPS) subjects into Natural and Social learning process (Sa’adah et al., 2020). The development
Sciences (IPAS) at the elementary school level (Anisah et of science and technology continues to develop rapidly
al., 2023). The reason behind this combination is because so that it demands the availability of quality human
at elementary school age, students tend to see the world resources. Various tasks and jobs in the globalization era
as a whole and integrated. They are still in the simple. require adequate knowledge and skills (Doyan et al.,
holistic and comprehensive thinking stage, but not yet in 2020). As the first foundation for acquiring knowledge,
too much detail (Purnawanto, 2022). Therefore, by elementary schools act as the main center for acquiring
combining science and social studies subjects, it is hoped basic knowledge. Currently, every teacher is expected to
that students can learn to manage the natural and social have expertise in utilizing digital media to create
environment in one unit (Sari et al., 2023). teaching materials. Technological advances in the field
In accordance with curriculum requirements, of education have resulted in teacher and student
learning objectives are achieved, then teaching is competence to carry out relevant teaching and learning
considered successful. Learning objectives must be processes (Syukri et al., 2021)
focused on more comprehensive goals, in particular: The teaching materials in question can be written or
Understanding concepts related to community life and unwritten materials. Nowadays, teaching materials can
the environment. To achieve optimal competence, a be designed non-printed (using technological
person needs to have the basic ability to think logistically applications) which are known as electronic teaching
and critically, high curiosity, the ability to solve materials. Electronic teaching materials are a new form
problems, and good social skills. Apart from that, it is used by teachers in delivering teaching materials
also important to show commitment and awareness of (Sriwahyuni et al., 2019; Tagazi et al., 2023). Materials
social and human values. The ability to communicate, related to application-based teaching materials are
collaborate and compete in a diverse society, both at the materials that are able to combine two materials, namely
local, national and global levels, is also an important material related to the visual aspect and material related
aspect that must be possessed. (Kusmiati et al., 2021; to the audio aspect. Visual materials are intended to
Rama Sanjaya et al., 2019). stimulate students' sense of sight, while audio materials
It is clear that all students must receive complete are intended to stimulate students' sense of hearing in
teaching to achieve the desired learning goals the learning process. With these two types of material, a
considering the urgency and purpose of learning. teacher can create a high-quality learning process
Learning can certainly improve students' abilities, because communication during the process becomes

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more effective and efficient (Mahendra, 2019; assistance from the government in the form of laptops
Muthaharoh et al., 2019). and Chromebooks, which should support the
Teaching materials use electronic format so they effectiveness of the learning process. Unfortunately,
can be used via various devices such as computers, these tools have not been utilized optimally in learning
laptops or smartphones (Wardani et al., 2021). This is of activities and are only stored in the teacher's room.
course very important because it will make it easier for Apart from that, other technological facilities, such as
teachers to distribute teaching materials that students school WiFi networks, projection equipment (infocus),
can learn, especially during distance learning. Apart and learning applications, have also not been utilized
from that, the use of electronic teaching materials is also optimally by teachers, even though they have the
useful for limiting the use of paper (Rahman et al., 2023; potential to facilitate the implementation of learning.
Tagazi et al., 2023). The application of application-based However, the reality on the ground is that the use
teaching materials as a means of support in the learning of technology in learning is not yet optimal. This is
process basically aims to convey and communicate supported by data, including data obtained through
about the knowledge presented by the teacher. The use observations in schools, filling out questionnaires, and
of learning media in the teaching and learning process from accredited journals, even though the benefits of this
can create new desires and interests (Firdawati et al., technology are very good for learning. This is caused by
2021). teachers who do not yet have the skills to utilize
Based on preliminary studies on the learning technology in learning activities. Therefore, electronic
process and interviews conducted in elementary teaching materials have not been widely applied by
schools, several problems were found both in terms of teachers in learning.
students and teachers. Problems faced by students In this research, researchers chose to use the
include Students are less interested in studying social professional Canva and Flip PDF applications in
studies is a because the learning material is not developing electronic teaching materials. This
presented in an interesting way and is not related to their application is a software or application software that is
real experiences. They prefer to play rather than being used to process or transform material from conventional
asked to sit down to read, and tend to prefer or view books into reading material that can be opened via
learning pictures and videos that have lots of interesting electronic devices such as smartphones and computers.
colors. This can be seen from the results of filling out the This application allows teachers to create teaching
student interest questionnaire in electronic teaching materials or reading materials that are presented to
materials. Apart from that, students are less able to work students with attractive displays which include not only
together in solving problems and developing social writing but also videos so that the process of delivering
attitudes with other friends. This can be seen in group the material to students can be fun and interactive.
discussions, where only a few students are willing to Canva is an application website that covers the
work together with their group friends, while many fields of graphic design and brand building which is one
work individually. They also lack confidence in facing of the most popular websites and applications today,
tasks related to IPS. with the help of Canva it can make it easier for everyone
Apart from the problems above, researchers also to create their own designs (Alfian et al., 2022; Putri et
found problems that occurred with teachers in using al., 2023). Flip pdf Professional is software that has the
teaching materials both during the learning process and ability to convert PDF documents into digital rotating
during interviews, including Teacher and student books pages, which enables the creation of interactive learning
provided by the Ministry of Education and Culture are content with a variety of supporting features (Febrianti,
still the only teaching materials used by teachers in 2021; Ummi et al., 2021). Flip PDF Professional is an
teaching. This is caused by the transition from the 2013 application that is rich in interesting features so that it
curriculum to the independent curriculum, so that other makes it easier to create electronic teaching materials for
learning media are not yet available for teachers to use, the learning process in elementary schools.
causing the learning process to not reach the optimal The teaching materials developed in this research
level. Teachers have not provided problems that are are the latest form of teaching materials that have been
close to students in learning, so they feel unfamiliar with developed by previous researchers, because the teaching
the examples of problems given. Apart from that, there materials developed use the Canva and Flip PDF
is no learning available that utilizes electronic teaching Professional applications. The originality found in the
materials to support learning, apart from children's and teaching materials developed is that when creating
teacher handbooks. instructions for the teaching materials, they did not take
Through the interview process with teachers, it was them from the internet but used voice recordings from
revealed that each school had received technological the researchers themselves. Apart from that, the

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originality of this teaching material lies in the design also carried out by distributing questionnaires to
which is designed in such a way that it is different from students and educators to see the need for teaching
teaching materials that have been developed by other materials in the school.
researchers.
The development research procedure using the
Method ADDIE model is presented in the following chart:

This type of research is research and development.

This research is a type of research and development
which develops, produces, validates and tests whether
the product is effective or not and can be accounted for
(Sugiyono, 2017). Research and Development (R&D) is a
series of processes or steps. steps in developing new
products or improving existing products so that they can
be accounted for (Aisy et al., 2023). The aim of this
development research is to create a product
accompanied by testing the effectiveness of the product
that has been created.
Development research also consists of several
models, including the Dick & Carey development
model, Kaufman, Plomp, Thiagarajan (4D), Borg & Gall,
Kemp, ADDIE, and many other models. However, in
this research, researchers used the ADDIE model in
product development. ADDIE is an abbreviation of A
(Analysis), D (Design), D (Development), I
(Implementation), and E (Evaluation) (Yandri et al.,
2013). Researchers chose to use the ADDIE model
because the ADDIE model is a complete model, where Figure 2. ADDIE Development Research Procedure (Rusdi,
the ADDIE model does not just implement the product 2018)
in the field, but, the ADDIE model is equipped with
product evaluation at each development stage. Second stage, Design. At this design stage, the
activities carried out by researchers are designing the
instruments needed to develop electronic teaching
materials for science subjects. Researchers designed the
instruments needed to develop electronic teaching
materials for science subjects. They created a validity
sheet to measure the suitability of electronic teaching
materials in the learning process. Questionnaires for
students and teachers were also prepared to find out
how practically these electronic teaching materials are
used during the learning process. In addition, tests are
designed to measure the effectiveness of electronic
Figure 1. Stages of the ADDIE Development Model (Safitri et teaching materials in improving the activities and
al., 2022). learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school
students. Designing electronic teaching materials using
The development of the ADDIE model consists of 5 Canva and Flip PDF Professional for fifth grade
stages (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, and elementary school students involves several stages.
Evaluate). First stage, Analysis namely needs analysis, First, review the material on learning outcomes, then
which is an in-depth process for identifying and design the cover and background using the Canva
understanding needs, problems and challenges in application. Next, teaching materials are created and the
science and science learning in elementary Scratch application is used to make the module
schools.(Maulita et al., 2021) This analysis was carried electronic or put the e-module online. The use of
out by observing and interviewing educators and language that is appropriate, clear and easy to
several students to express and determine the basic understand by students is also paid attention to. The
problems experienced when learning. Needs analysis is appearance of the teaching materials is designed to be
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attractive and innovative, and the teaching materials The analysis stage is a basic step in conducting
that have been designed are converted into electronic development research to determine the needs that will
teaching materials. be used in developing electronic teaching materials
Third stage, Development. At this stage, the using Flip PDF Professional in class V elementary
development of all materials that have been submitted schools. The analyzes carried out were: The needs
at the design stage will be developed into electronic analysis was carried out by researchers using
teaching materials. The aim of this development stage is observations and interviews with class V teachers as
to produce the final form of electronic teaching materials well as filling out questionnaires by students. The
that are developed after going through revisions based interview focused on the use of learning media in science
on expert input. The validation results from several subjects and the difficulties faced in the learning process,
experts in the form of comments and suggestions will especially in science subjects. In addition, curriculum
indicate whether the product being developed is valid or analysis is carried out by analyzing Learning Outcomes
not. Electronic teaching material products for science to determine material and formulate learning objectives.
subjects were then revised according to the validators' The learning outcomes used are the achievements in
suggestions. Next, it was tested on several students to science and science learning class V (phase c) of the
determine the validity and reliability of the product. independent curriculum.
Next, the Implementation stage. This stage is the The next stage is Design. At this design stage, the
stage where the validated product is implemented in activities carried out by the researcher were Preparation
learning. This stage begins with preparing the tools and of the instruments needed to develop electronic teaching
learning environment. If everything has been materials using Flip PDF Professional in science subjects
conditioned, then the product developed can be is carried out first. Next, designing electronic teaching
implemented in learning. This field trial was carried out materials using Flip PDF Professional is done by
to determine the level of practicality and effectiveness of determining the design of the teaching materials in
electronic teaching materials using Flip PDF accordance with the specified materials. At this design
Professional in class V of elementary schools. stage, researchers began to create learning media by
The final stage is Evaluation. Where after carrying designing using Canva. At this design stage, what is
out the implementation stage, the researcher carried out done is to determine the design of the teaching materials
an evaluation. This evaluation can be seen from the that will be made according to the material that has been
assessment of the four previous ADDIE processes, determined. Researchers started creating learning media
namely Analysis, Design, Development and by designing using Canva.
Implementation. Evaluation is also seen from the The Development Stage is the development stage
teacher's obstacles after using the product in the field after the design stage. All materials that have been
and the results of evaluations carried out by students at submitted at the design stage will be developed into
the implementation stage of electronic teaching electronic teaching materials using Flip PDF
materials. Learning outcomes assessment is also used to Professional in class V of elementary schools. The aim of
measure the level of effectiveness of teaching materials this development stage is to produce the final form of
on learning outcomes. electronic teaching materials that are developed after
going through revisions based on expert input. Before
Results and Discussion conducting field trials, validation of the electronic
teaching materials being developed is necessary.
This research was conducted based on the stages of Validation is an activity of collecting data or information
development of the ADDIE model which include stages from experts in the field (validators) to determine
analysis, design, development, implementation, and whether the media being developed is valid or invalid
evaluation. This ADDIE model considers it important (Ravista et al., 2021)
that each stage be evaluated and systematically, making Validation of the product being developed was
this ADDIE model unique, complex and practical in carried out by five expert validators consisting of one
designing electronic teaching materials using Flip PDF language expert validator, two Media expert validators,
Professional in class V elementary schools. After these and two Content expert validators, of which one
stages were carried out, the results of validity, practitioner validator came from an elementary school
practicality and electronic teaching materials using Flip teacher. the results of validation by experts in the
PDF Professional were obtained in science and development of electronic teaching materials using Flip
technology subjects in elementary schools. The results of PDF Professional in science and science subjects in
the research carried out are described as follows. elementary schools, can be concluded in the following
validity assessment recapitulation table 2.

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Referring to the feasibility category, the validity Professional show very practical criteria. This shows that
results of developing electronic teaching materials using the research product in the form of electronic teaching
Flip PDF Professional in science and science subjects in materials using Flip Pdf Professional is very practical to
elementary schools are included in the very feasible use in science and science subjects in elementary schools.
category in terms of material, media/design and Practicality trial data for electronic teaching
language. materials using Flip Pdf Professional is primary data
obtained directly from students using a student
Table 2. Recapitulation of Material, Media and practicality questionnaire instrument. The
Language Validation Results. recapitulation of students' practicality test assessment
Assessment Validity Value Category results can be seen in the following table 4.
Aspects
Material 96% Very Valid Table 4. Results of Student Aspect Practicality Test
Media/Design 88% Very Valid Which school are you
Language 95% Very Valid Mark Category
from
School I 94.29% Very Practical
The next stage is implementation. Implementation School II 91.75% Very Practical
was carried out after making improvements to the School III 92.26% Very Practical
validity test stage. The results of the development are Average 92.77% Very Practical
applied in science and science learning to determine the
effect of electronic teaching materials using Flip PDF Based on table 4, it can be seen that the average
Professional on the quality of learning including aspects practicality score for School I students is 94.29% in the
of ease of use, usefulness, appearance and time of use of very practical category, School II is 91.75% in the very
electronic teaching materials using Flip PDF practical category and School III is 92.26% in the very
Professional in science as learning. At this stage, the practical category. The students' average practicality
teaching materials were implemented or applied to three score was 92.77% in the very practical category. The
schools with the number of students in the three practicality results obtained by students regarding the
elementary schools being 62 students and 3 teachers. The use of electronic teaching materials using Flip Pdf
following is a further explanation regarding the Professional in class V elementary school show that the
implementation stages that the researchers have carried criteria are very practical for use as electronic teaching
out: After using teaching materials, the next stage is to materials.
carry out a practicality test to evaluate the level of After carrying out a practicality test, it is continued
usability and use of electronic teaching materials using with an effectiveness test whose data source is obtained
Flip PDF Professional by students and teachers. The from student learning outcomes. Data taken on student
practicality of the teacher aspect was evaluated through learning outcomes were taken before and after following
trial data obtained from fifth grade teachers in three the learning process using electronic teaching materials
schools. This data is primary data obtained directly from in class V elementary school: (1) Formative evaluation,
teachers to assess the extent to which electronic teaching which has been carried out step by step in the ADDIE
materials are effective and easy to use in the learning development model, starting with needs analysis,
process. design, development, to implementation with
evaluation descriptions; (2) Summative Evaluation. The
Table 3. Recapitulation of Teacher Aspects of final stage of the research is a summative evaluation,
Practicality Results in Three Schools namely testing student activities and learning outcomes.
Which school The learning activity test was carried out using a student
Score Mark Category
are you from observation questionnaire filled in by the teacher, while
School 1 53 88% Very Practical the effectiveness of learning outcomes was tested using
School II 52 86% Very Practical a pretest conducted at the beginning of the research and
a posttest at the end of the research.
School II 51 85% Very Practical
As for the student activity section, the aspects
Amount 156 260 assessed in this research include 12 assessment aspects
Average 86.67% Very Practical which will be assessed by the teacher as an observer in
the research process. The following are the results of the
The average practicality score obtained by teachers student activity observation questionnaire. Based on
was 86.67% in the very practical category. The table 5, it is known that the students' activeness score in
practicality results obtained by teachers regarding the the learning process was 81.56% with very effective
use of electronic teaching materials using Flip Pdf criteria. This means that the use of electronic teaching
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materials using Flip PDF Professional in class V schools. The practicality results show the criteria of "very
elementary school is very effective in student learning practical" after assessing the practicality by students
activities. with an average score of 92.77% in the very practical
category and teachers with an average score of 86.67% in
Table 5. recapitulation of the results of observations of the very practical category. This shows that electronic
activity in the learning process teaching materials using Flip PDF Professional in class V
Which school are elementary schools meet the criteria of being very
Score Mark Category
you from practical to be applied in elementary schools.
School I 50 83 Very effective Effectiveness test results on student activity and learning
Effective outcomes. In terms of student activity scores, students
School II 45 75
enough scored 81.56% in the very effective category. Meanwhile,
School III 50 83 Very effective
the results of the effectiveness test on student learning
Amount 145 242
Average 81.56% Very effective outcomes from pre-test and post-test score data, the pre-
test score was 64.55 and the post-test increased to 89.60
after using electronic teaching material products in
The stage of testing the effectiveness of student
science learning. With an N-Gain Score of 0.7373 in the
learning outcomes is carried out in 3 (three) stages which
medium category and an N-Gain Score% of 73.73 in the
include the initial stage, namely giving a pre-test, the
second stage, namely the learning process using quite effective category.
electronic teaching materials using Flip PDF
Acknowledgments
Professional in class V elementary school and the third Thanks to all those who have supported and facilitated the
stage, namely giving a post-test. test. These three stages writing of this article. This research ran smoothly thanks to the
are carried out offline or face to face in class. help of the elementary school, Padang State University, class
Based on the pretest-posttest results, it was seen teachers, validators and peer researchers.
that students' learning increased from before using the
development of electronic teaching materials using Flip Author Contributions
PDF Professional in class V of elementary school to after The authors of this paper consist of four people, namely F.K, D,
using the developed teaching materials. For the results Z.Z, and Y.E. This article was done collaboratively at each stage.
obtained before using (Pre-test), the average value was
Funding
64.55, while after using (Post-test), the average value was
This research received no external funding.
89.60 in the effective category. Meanwhile, for the N-
Gain score, an average value of 0.7373 was obtained with Conflicts of Interest
a percentage of 73.73, which means that electronic The authors declare no conflict of interest.
teaching materials using Flip PDF Professional in class V
of elementary schools are effective in improving student References
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