Determinants Exercise 1 :

Single Option Correct Type Questions

n This section contains 30 multiple choice questions. 7. If f ( x ) = a + bx + cx 2 and a , b and g are the roots of the
Each question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of a b c
which ONLY ONE is correct 3
equation x = 1, then b c a is equal to
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2)
c a b
1. If f (n ) = a n + b n and 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3)
(a) f ( a ) + f ( b ) + f ( g )
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f ( 4 ) (b) f ( a ) f ( b ) + f ( b ) f ( g ) + f ( g ) f ( a )
= k (1 - a ) 2 (1 - b ) 2 (a - b ) 2 , k 2 d is equal to (c) f ( a ) f ( b ) f ( g )
(a) 1 (b) - 1 (d) - f ( a ) f ( b ) f ( g )
(c) ab (d) abg cos 2x sin 2 x cos 4 x
x +a x +b x +a -c 8. When the determinant sin x 2
cos 2x cos 2 x is
2. Let D( x ) = x + b x + c x -1 and cos 4 x 2
cos x cos 2x
x +c x +d x -b +d
expanded in powers of sin x , the constant term in that
2
ò0 D( x ) dx = - 16, where a, b, c and d are in AP, then the expression is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) - 1 (d) 2
common difference of the AP is equal to
(a) ± 1 (b) ± 2 (c) ± 3 (d) ± 4 9. If [ ] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to
the real number under consideration and
1+ x2
x x 3
- 1 £ x < 0, 0 £ y < 1, 1 £ z < 2, the value of the
3. If D( x ) = loge (1 + x 2 ) e x sin x , then
[x ] + 1 [y ] [z ]
cos x tan x sin 2 x
determinant [x ] [y ] + 1 [z ] is
(a) D( x ) is divisible by x (b) D( x ) = 0
[x ] [y ] [z ] + 1
(c) D ¢( x ) = 0 (d) None of these
(a) [ x ] (b) [y ]
4. If a, b and c are sides of a triangle and (c) [z ] (d) None of these
a2 b2 c2 y2 - xy x2
2 2 2
(a + 1) (b + 1) (c + 1) = 0, then 10. The determinant a b c is equal to
(a - 1) 2 (b - 1) 2 (c - 1) 2 a¢ b¢ c¢
(a) DABC is an equilateral triangle bx + ay cx + by a ¢ x + b ¢y bx + cy
(b) DABC is a right angled isosceles triangle (a) (b)
b ¢ x + a ¢y c ¢ x + b ¢y ax + by b ¢ x + c ¢y
(c) DABC is an isosceles triangle
(d) None of the above bx + cy ax + by ax + by bx + cy
(c) (d)
b ¢ x + c ¢y a ¢ x + b ¢y a ¢ x + b ¢y b ¢x + c ¢y
a x x x
x b x x 11. If A, B and C are angles of a triangle, the value of
5. If = f ( x ) - xf ¢( x ), then f ( x ) is equal to
x x g x e 2i A e - iC e - iB
x x x d e - iC e2i B
e - iA is (where i = - 1)
(a) ( x - a ) ( x - b ) ( x - g ) ( x - d) e - iB e - i BA e 2i C
(b) ( x + a ) ( x + b ) ( x + g ) ( x + d)
(c) 2( x - a ) ( x - b ) ( x - g ) ( x - d) (a) 1 (b) - 1 (c) - 2 (d) - 4
(d) None of the above n n+2 2n
x x x
a
a b -c c +b 12. If 1 x a = 0, " x Î R, where n Î N ,
n+5 a+6 2n + 5
6. If a + c b c - a = 0, the line ax + by + c = 0 x x x
a -b a +b c the value of a is
passes through the fixed point which is (a) n (b) n - 1
(a) (1, 2 ) (b) (1, 1 ) (c) ( - 2, 1 ) (d) (1, 0 ) (c) n + 1 (d) None of these
13. If x , y and z are the integers in AP lying between 1 and 19. If f ( x ), g ( x ) and h( x ) are polynomials of degree 4 and
9 and x 51, y 41 and z 31 are three digits number, the f ( x ) g ( x ) h( x )
5 4 3 a b c = mx 4 + nx 3
+ rx 2 + sx + t be an
value of x 51 y 41 z 31 is p q r
x y z identity in x, then
(a) x + y + z f ¢¢¢(0) - f ¢¢(0) g ¢¢¢(0) - g ¢¢(0) h ¢¢¢(0) - h ¢¢(0)
(b) x - y + z a b c
(c) 0
(d) None of the above
p q r
is equal to
14. If a1 b1 c 1 , a 2 b 2 c 2 and a 3 b 3 c 3 are three digit even
(a) 2 (3n + r ) (b) 3 (2n - r )
c1 a1 b1 (c) 3(2n + r ) (d) 2(3n - r )
natural numbers and D = c 2 a2 b 2 , then D is cos ( x + a ) cos ( x + b ) cos ( x + g )
c 3 a3 b3 20. If f ( x ) = sin ( x + a ) sin ( x + b ) sin ( x + g ) , then
(a) divisible by 2 but not necessarily by 4 sin ( b - g ) sin ( g - a ) sin (a - b )
(b) divisible by 4 but not necessarily by 8
f (q ) - 2 f ( f) + f ( y ) is equal to
(c) divisible by 8
(a) 0 (b) a - b
(d) None of the above
(c) a + b + g (d) a + b - g
15. If a, b and c are sides of DABC such that 1 1 1
c b cos B + cb a cos A + ba + cg
21. If a b c = (a - b ) (b - c ) (c - a ) (a + b + c ), where
a c cos B + ab b cos A + ca + ag = 0
a3 b3 c3
b a cos B + bb c cos A + aa + bg
a, b and c are all different, then the determinant
æ + pö 1 1 1
ç where a , b, g Î R and ÐA, ÐB, ÐC ¹ ÷, DABC is
è 2ø ( x - a) 2
( x - b) 2
(x - c )2 vanishes
(a) an isosceles (b) an equilateral ( x - b) ( x - c ) ( x - c ) ( x - a) ( x - a) ( x - b)
(c) can’t say (d) None of these
when
16. If x 1 , x 2 and y 1 , y 2 are the roots of the equations (a) a + b + c = 0 (b) x =
1
(a + b + c )
2 2 3
3x - 18x + 9 = 0 and y - 4y + 2 = 0, the value of the
1
x 1x 2 y 1y 2 1 (c) x = (a + b + c ) (d) x = a + b + c
2
determinant x 1 + x 2 y1 + y 2 2 is
22. Leta, b, c Î R such that no two of them are equal and satisfy
sin ( p x 1 x 2 ) cos ( p / 2y 1y 2 ) 1
2a b c
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) None of these
b c 2a = 0, the equation24ax 2 + 4bx + c = 0 has
10 10 11 c 2a b
C4 C5 Cm
11 11 12 é 1ù
17. If the value of D = C6 C7 C m + 2 is equal to (a) atleast one root in ê 0, ú
12 12 13 ë 2û
C8 C9 Cm + 4
é 1 1ù
(b) atleast one root in ê - , ú
zero, then m is equal to ë 2 2û
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) atleast one root in [- 1, 0]
(c) 5 (d) None of these
(d) atleast two roots in [ 0, 2 ]
18. The value of the determinant
1 sin (a - b ) q cos (a - b ) q 23. The number of positive integral solution of the equation
3
a sin aq cos aq is independent of x +1 x 2y x 2z
2 3
a2 sin (a - b ) q cos (a - b ) q xy y +1 y 2z = 11 is
2 2 3
(a) a (b) b xz yz z +1
(c) q (d) a (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 12
 24. If f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , a, b, c Î R and equation 27. Given, f ( x ) = log10 x and g ( x ) = e pix .
f ( x ) - x = 0 has imaginary roots a , b g and d be the roots f (x )× g(x ) ( f ( x )) g (x ) 1
2 2 2 g (x 2 )
2 a d If f( x ) = f ( x ) × g ( x ) ( f ( x )) 0 , the value of
of f ( f ( x )) - x = 0, then b 0 a is 3 3 3 g (x 3 )
f ( x ) × g ( x ) ( f ( x )) 1
g b 1 f (10), is
(a) 0 (b) purely real (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) None of these
(c) purely imaginary (d) None of these 28. The value of the determinant
1 (a 2 x - a - 2 x ) 2 (a 2 x + a - 2 x ) 2
25. If the system of equations 2x - y + z = 0, x - 2y + z = 0,
tx - y + 2z = 0 has infinitely many solutions and f ( x ) be 1 ( b 2x - b - 2x ) 2 ( b 2 x + b - 2 x ) 2 , is
a continuous function, such that f (5 + x ) + f ( x ) = 2, 1 ( g 2x - g - 2x ) 2 ( g 2x + g - 2x ) 2
- 2t
then ò f ( x ) dx is equal to (a) 0 (b) ( abg ) 2x (c) ( abg ) - 2x (d) None of these
0
(a) 0 (b) - 2t (c) 5 (d) t 29. If a, b and c are non-zero real numbers and if the
2 4 2 8 equations (a - 1)x = y + z, (b - 1) y = z + x ,
26. If (1 + ax + bx ) = a 0 + a1 x + a 2 x + ¼ + a8 x ,
(c - 1) z = x + y has a non-trivial solution, then
where a, b, a 0 , a1 , ¼ , a 8 Î R such that a 0 + a1 + a 2 ¹ 0 ab + bc + ca equals to
a 0 a1 a 2 (a) a + b + c (b) abc (c) 1 (d) None of these
and a1 a 2 a 0 = 0, then 30. The set of equations lx - y + (cos q ) z = 0,
a2 a0 a1 3x + y + 2z = 0, (cos q ) x + y + 2z = 0, 0 £ q £ 2p, has non-
3 5 1 5 trivial solution(s)
(a) a = , b = (b) a = , b = (a) for no value of l and q
4 8 4 32
(b) for all value of l and q
2
(c) a = 1, b = (d) None of these (c) for all values of l and only two values of q
3
(d) for only one value of l and all values of q

Determinants Exercise 2 :
More than One Correct Option Type Questions
n
This section contains 15 multiple choice questions. (a) 0 (b) independent of n
Each question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of (c) independent of q (d) independent of x, y and z
which MORE THAN ONE may be correct. a b aa + b
a +x2 2
ab ac 34. The determinant b c ba + c is equal to
31. The determinant D = ab 2
b +x 2
bc is aa + b ba + c 0
ac bc c2 + x2 zero, if
divisible by (a) a, b and c are in AP
(a) x (b) x 2 (c) x 3 (d) x 4 (b) a, b, c, are in GP
32. The value of the determinant (c) a, b and c are in HP
6 2i 3+ 6 (d) (x - a) is a factor of ax 2 + 2bx + c

12 3 + 8i 3 2 + 6 i , is (where i = - 1) 2 cos x 1 0
18 2 + 12 i 27 + 2i 35. Let f ( x ) = 1 2 cos x 1 , then
(a) complex (b) real (c) irrational (d) rational 0 1 2 cos x
æpö
(a) f ç ÷ = - 1
è3ø
1
2k - 1 sin k q æpö
k (k + 1 ) (b) f ¢ç ÷ = 3
n è3ø
33. If Dk = x y z , then å D k p
k =1 (c) ò f ( x ) dx = 0
æn + 1ö n
sin ç ÷ q sin q 0
n è 2 ø 2 p
2n - 1 (d) ò f ( x ) dx = 0
n+1 q -p
sin
2
is equal to
 x 2 - 5x + 3
2x - 5 3 4x - 4 ( x - 2) 2 x 3

2
36. If D( x ) = 3x + x + 4 6x + 1 9 41. If D( x ) = 8x - 4 2 (x - 2 2)2 ( x + 1) 3 , then
7 x 2 - 6x + 9 14 x - 6 21 12x - 4 3 ( x - 2 3 ) 2 ( x - 1) 3
3
= ax + bx 2 + cx + d , then (a) term independent of x in D( x ) = 16(5 - 2 - 3 )
(a) a = 0 (b) b = 0 (c) c = 0 (d) d = 47 (b) coefficient of x in D( x ) = 48(1 + 2 - 3 )
37. If a, b and c are the sides of a triangle and A, B and C are (c) coefficient of x in D( x ) = 16 (5 + 2 - 3 )
the angles opposite to a, b and c respectively, then (d) coefficient of x in D( x ) is divisible by 16
a2 b sin A C sin A 42. If
D = b sin A 1 cos A is independent of 3 3x 3x 2
+ 2a 2
C sin A cos A 1 f (x ) = 3x 3x 2 + 2a 2 3x 3 + 6a 2 x ,
2 3 3
(a) a (b) b (c) c (d) A, B, C 3x + 2a 3x + 6a x 3x + 12a 2 x 2 + 2a 4
2 4

a 0a2 then
38. Let f (a, b ) = 1 (2a + b ) (a + b ) 2 , then (a) f ¢( x ) = 0
0 1 (2a + 3b ) (b) y = f ( x ) is a straight line parallel to X-axis
2
(a) (a + b ) is a factor of f (a, b ) (c) ò f ( x ) dx = 32 a 4
0
(b) (a + 2b ) is a factor of f (a, b )
(c) (2a + b ) is a factor of f (a,b ) (d) None of the above
(d) a is a factor of f (a, b ) 43. If a > b > c and the system of equations ax + by + cz = 0,
2
sec x 1 1 bx + cy + az = 0, cx + ay + bz = 0 has a non-trivial
39. If f ( x ) = cos x 2
cos 2 x 2
cosec x , then solution, then both the roots of the quadratic equation
2 at 2 + bt + c , are
1 cos x cot 2 x
(a) real
p /4 1
(a) ò f ( x ) dx = (3 p + 8 ) (b) of opposite sign
- p /4 16 (c) positive
æpö (d) complex
(b) f ¢ç ÷ = 0
è2ø
44. The values of l and b for which the equations
(c) maximum value of f ( x ) is 1
x + y + z = 3, x + 3y + 2z = 6 and x + ly + 3z = b have
(d) minimum value of f ( x ) is 0
(a) a unique solution, if l ¹ 5, b Î R
a a + x2 a + x2 + x4 (b) no solution, if l ¹ 5, b = 9
40. If 2a 3a + 2x 2
4a + 3x 2 + 2x 4 (c) infinite many solution, l = 5, b = 9
(d) None of the above
3a 6a + 3x 2 10a + 6x 2 + 3x 4
45. Let l and a be real. Let S denote the set of all values of l
= a 0 + a1 x + a 2 x 2 + a 3 x 3 + a 4 x 4
+ a5 x 5 for which the system of linear equations
6 7
+ a 6 x + a 7 x and l x + (sin a ) y + (cos a ) z = 0
f ( x ) = + a 0 x 2 + a 3 x + a 6 , then x + (cos a ) y + (sin a ) z = 0
(a) f ( x ) ³ 0, " x Î R if a > 0 - x + (sin a ) y - (cos a ) z = 0
(b) f ( x ) = 0, only if a = 0 has a non-trivial solution, then S contains
(c) f ( x ) = 0, has two equal roots (a) ( - 1, 1 ) (b) [ - 2, - 1 ]
(d) f ( x ) = 0, has more than two root if a = 0 (c) [1, 2 ] (d) ( - 2, 2 )
 Determinants Exercise 3 :
Passage Based Questions
n This section contains 7 passages. Based upon each of the 51. If a 3 + b 3 + c 3 - 3abc = -3 and A = bc - a 2 , B = ca - b 2
passage 3 multiple choice questions have to be and C = ab - c 2 , then the value of aA + bB + cC , is
answered. Each of these questions has four choices (a), (b), (a) -3 (b) 3 (c) -9 (d) 9
(c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
Passage III
Passage I (Q. Nos. 52 to 54)
(Q. Nos. 46 to 48)
If a, b, g are the roots of x 3 + 2x 2 - x - 3 = 0
Consider the system of equations a b g
x + y + z = 5; x + 2 y + 3 z = 9; x + 3 y + lz = m
The system is called smart, brilliant, good and lazy
52. The value of g a b is equal to
according as it has solution, unique solution, infinitely b g a
many solutions and no solution, respectively. (a) 14 (b) -2 (c) 10 (d) 14
46. The system is smart, if 53. If the absolute value of the expression
(a) l ¹ 5 or l = 5 and m = 13 (b) l ¹ 5 and m = 13 a -1 b -1 g -1 m
+ + can be expressed as , where m and
(c) l ¹ 5 and m ¹ 13 (d) l ¹ 5 or l = 5 and m ¹ 13 a +2 b +2 g +2 n
47. The system is good, if m n2
(a) l ¹ 5 or l = 5 and m = 13 (b) l = 5 and m = 13 n are co-prime, the value of , is
m -n m +n
(c) l = 5 and m ¹ 13
(d) l ¹ 5, m is any real number (a) 17 (b) 27 (c) 37 (d) 47
2 2 2
48. The system is lazy, if 54. If a = a + b + g , b = ab + bg + ga , the value of
(a) l ¹ 5 or l = 5 and m = 13 (b) l = 5 and m = 13 a b b
(c) l = 5 and m ¹ 13 (d) l ¹ 5 or l = 5 and m ¹ 13 b a b , is
Passage II b b a
(Q. Nos. 49 to 51) (a) 14 (b) 49 (c) 98 (d) 196

a11 a12 a13 Passage IV

i+ j
If D = a 21 a 22 a 23 and C ij = ( -1) M ij , where M ij (Q. Nos. 55 to 57)
a 31 a 32 a 33 Suppose f ( x ) is a function satisfying the following
is a determinant obtained by deleting ith row and conditions:
C11 C12 C13 (i) f (0) = 2, f (1) = 1
5
jth column, then C 21 C 22 C 23 = D2 . (ii) f ( x )has a minimum value at x =
2
C 31 C 32 C 33 2ax 2ax - 1 2ax + b + 1
1 x x2 x 3-1 0 x -x4 (iii) For all x, f ¢ ( x ) = b b +1 -1 .
49. If x x2 1 = 5 and D = 0 x -x4 x 3-1 , 2 ( ax + b) 2ax + 2b + 1 2ax + b
x2 1 x x -x4 x 3-1 0 55. The value of f (2) + f (3) is
2
then sum of digits of D , is (a) 1 (b)
3
(c) 2 (d)
5
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 13 (d) 11 2 2
50. Suppose a, b, c Î R, a + b + c > 0, A = bc - a 2 , B = ca - b 2 56. The number of solutions of the equation f ( x ) + 1 = 0 is
A B C (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinite
and C = ab - c 2 and B C A = 49, then the value of
57. Range of f ( x ) is
C A B
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 - 3abc , is æ 7ù é3 ö é7 ö æ 3ù
(a) ç -¥, ú (b) ê , ¥ ÷ (c) ê , ¥ ÷ (d) ç -¥, ú
è 16 û ë4 ø ë 16 ø è 4û
(a) -7 (b) 7 (c) -2401 (d) 2401
 Passage V 62. If a, b, c are in GP, then
(Q. Nos. 58 to 60) (a) r 3 = p 3q (b) p 3 = r 3q (c) p 3 = q 3r (d) q 3 = p 3r
x ex - 1 ( x - 1)3 63. If D = 27 and a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2 , then the value of å a 2 b, is
If x - ln x cos ( x - 1) ( x - 1)2 = a0 + a1 ( x - 1) + a2 ( x - 1)2 + ... (a) 3(2 2 - p ) (b) 3(2 2 - r )
tan x sin 2 x cos 2 x (c) 3(2 2 - q ) (d) 3(2 2 - p - q )

58. The value of cos -1 (a1 ), is

Passage VII
p p
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) p (Q. Nos. 64 to 66)
4 2
2
59. The value of lim (sin x ) is x a +n ab ac
x ®a0 2
If Dn = ab b +n bc , n Î N and the equation
(a) 1 (b) e (c) e - 1 (d) None of these
2
ac bc c +n
60. The equation whose roots are a 0 and a1 , is
(a) x 2 - x = 0 (b) x 2 - 2 x = 0 x 3 - lx 2 + 11x - 6 = 0 has roots a, b, c and a, b, c are in AP.
(c) x 2 - 3 x = 0 (d) None of these 7
64. The value of å D n is
Passage VI r =1
3
(Q. Nos. 61 to 63) (a) (12 ) (b) (14 ) 3 (c) (26 ) 3 (d) (28 ) 3
2 2
-bc b + bc c + bc D2n
2 65. The value of is
Let D = a + ac -ac c 2 + ac and the equation Dn
a 2 + ab b 2 + ab -ab (a) < 8 (b) = 8
(c) > 8 (d) None of these
x - px + qx - r = 0 has roots a, b, c, where a, b, c Ï R + .
3 2
30
æ 27 D r - D3r ö
61. The value of D is 66. The value of å ç ÷ is
è r =1 27r 2 ø
(a) £ 9r 3 (b) ³ 27r 2 (c) £ 27r 2 (d) ³ 81r 3
(a) 130 (b) 190 (c) 280 (d) 340

Determinants Exercise 4 :
Single Integer Answer Type Questions
n
This section contains 10 questions. The answer to each 1 cos a cos b 0 cos a cos b
question is a single digit integer, ranging from 70. If cos a 1 cos g = cos a 0 cos g ,
0 to 9 (both inclusive).
cos b cos g 1 cos b cos g 0
32 + k 42 32 + 3 + k
cos 2 a + cos 2 b + cos 2 g is equal to
67. If 4 2 + k 52 4 2 + 4 + k = 0,
52 + k 62 52 + 5 + k (b + c ) 2 a2 a2
71. Let f (a, b, c ) = b2 (c + a ) 2 b2 , the
k k k
the value of 2 2 2 ¼ ¥ is c 2
c 2
(a + b ) 2
68. Let a , b and g are three distinct roots of greatest integer n Î N such that (a + b + c )n ¢ divides
x -1 -6 2 -1 f (a, b, c ) is
æ 1 1 1ö
-6 x -2 -4 = 0, the value of ç + + ÷ is 72. If 0 £ q £ p and the system of equations
èa b g ø
2 -4 x -6 x = (sin q ) y + (cos q ) z
x -1 3
x e ( x - 1) y = z + (cos q ) x
n
69. If x - ln x cos ( x - 1) ( x - 1) 2 = å ar ( x - 1)r , z = (sin q ) x + y
r=0
tan x sin 2 x cos 2 x 8q
has a non-trivial solution, then is equal to
the value of (2 a0
+3 ) a1 a1 +1
is p
 1 1 1 1 1+a 1 1
1 2 3 4 75. If a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0, c ¹ 0 and 1 + b 1 + 2b 1 = 0,
73. The value of the determinant is
1 3 6 10 1 + c 1 + c 1 + 3c
1 4 10 20 the value of | a - 1 + b - 1 + c - 1 | is equal to
74. If a, b, c and d are the roots of the equation 76. If the system of equations
x 4 + 2x 3
+ 4 x 2 + 8x + 16 = 0, the value of the ax + hy + g = 0; hx + by + f = 0
1+a 1 1 1 and ax 2 + 2 hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c + l = 0 has a
1 1+b 1 1 unique solution and
determinant is
1 1 1+c 1 abc + 2 fgh - af 2
- bg 2 - ch 2
= 8, the value of l is
1 1 1 1+d h 2 - ab

Determinants Exercise 5 :
Matching Type Questions
n This section contains 5 questions. Questions 77 to 81 have three statements (A, B and C) given in Column I and four
statements (p, q, r and s) in Column II. Any given statement in Column I can have correct matching with one or more
statement(s) given in Column II.

77. Column I Column II

2 2 2
(A) If a,b, c are three complex numbers such that a + b + c = 0 and (p) 2
b2 + c2 ab ac
ab c2 + a2 bc = la 2b 2c 2, then l is divisible by
ac bc a2 + b2
a a +b a +b +c
(B) (q) 3
If a,b, c Î R and 2a 5a + 2b 7a + 5b + 2c = -1024, then a is divisible by
3a 7a + 3b 9a + 7b + 3c
x - 1 2x 2 - 5 x 3 - 1 4
(C) (r)
Let D( x ) = 2 x 2 + 5 2 x + 2 x 3 + 3 and ax + b be the remainder, when D( x ) is
x3 -1 x + 1 3x 2 - 2
divided by x 2 - 1, then 4a + 2b is divisible by
(s) 5
(t) 6

78. Column I Column II

(A) Let f1( x ) = x + a1, f 2( x ) = x 2 + b1x + b2, x1 = 2, x 2 = 3 and x 3 = 5 and (p) Even number
1 1 1
D = f1( x1 ) f1( x 2 ) f1( x 3 ) , then D is
f 2( x1 ) f 2( x 2 ) f 2( x 3 )
1 b1 a1
(B) If | a1 - b1| = 6 and f ( x ) = 1 b1 2a1 - x , then the minimum value of f ( x ) is (q) Prime number
1 2b1 - x a1
x - 2 (x - 1)2 x3
If coefficient of x in f ( x ) = x - 1 x2 ( x + 1 ) 3 is l, then | l | is (r) Odd number
(C)
x (x + 1) (x + 2)3
2

(s) Composite number

(t) Perfect number
79. Column I Column II
2
x + 3x x - 1 x +3
(A) If x 2 + 1 2 + 3 x x - 3 = ax 4 + bx 3 + cx 2 + dx + e, then e + a is divisible by (p) 2
x2 -3 x + 4 3x

x -1 5x 7
(B) If x - 1 x - 1 8 = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d , then (e + a - 3 ) is divisible by
2 (q) 3
2x 3x 0

x 3 + 4x x + 3 x -2
(r) 5
(C) If x -2 5x x - 1 = ax 5 + bx 4 + cx 3 + dx 2 + ex + f , then ( f + e ) is
x -3 x + 2 4x
divisible by
(s) 6
(t) 7

80. Column I Column II

2 2 2
(A) If a + b + c = 1 and (p) independent of a
a 2 + (b 2 + c 2 )d ab(1 - d ) ca(1 - d )
D= ab(1 - d ) b + (c 2 + a 2 )d
2
bc(1 - d ) , then D is
ca(1 - d ) bc(1 - d ) c 2 + (a + b 2 )d

1 1 -(a + b )
c c c2
(B) -(b + c ) 1 1 (q)
If D = , then D is independent of b
a2 a a
-bd (b + c ) (ad + 2bd + cd ) -(a + b )bd
a 2c ac ac 2
sin a cosa sin(a + d ) (r)
(C)
If D = sin b cosb sin(b + d ) , then D is independent of c
sin c cosc sin(c + d )

(s) independent of d
(t) zero

81. Column I Column II

(A) If n be the number of distinct values of 2 ´ 2 determinant whose entries are from (p) 2
the set { -1, 0, 1 }, then (n - 1 ) 2 is divisible by

(B) If n be the number of 2 ´ 2 determinants with non-negative values whose entries (q) 3
from the set { 0,1 }, then (n - 1 ) is divisible by

(C) If n be the number of 2 ´ 2 determinants with negative values whose entries from (r) 4
the set { -1, 1 }, then n(n + 1 ) is divisible by

(s) 5
(t) 6
 Determinants Exercise 6 :
Statement I and II Type Questions
n Directions (Q. Nos. 82 to 87) are Assertion-Reason type Statement-2 The value of skew-symmetric determinant
questions. Each of these questions contains two of odd order equals zero.
statements:
Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 (Reason)
(1 + x )11 (1 + x )12 (1 + x )13
Each of these questions also has four alternative choices, 85. Statement-1 f ( x ) = (1 + x ) 21 (1 + x ) 22 (1 + x ) 23 ,
only one of which is the correct answer. You have to select (1 + x ) 31 (1 + x ) 32 (1 + x ) 33
the correct choice as given below.
the coefficient of x in f ( x ) = 0
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
is a correct explanation for Statement-1 Statement-2 If P( x ) = a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 + a 3 x 3
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 + ¼ + an x n , then a1 = P ¢ (0), where dash denotes the
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
(c) Statement1 is true, Statement-2 is false
differential coefficient.
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true 86. Statement-1 If system of equations 2x + 3y = a
r r +1 n
and bx + 4y = 5 has infinite solution,
82. Statement-1 If D(r ) = then å D(r ) = - 3n
r +3 r + 4 r =1 15 8
then a = , b =
f 1 (r ) f 2 (r ) 4 5
Statement-2 If D(r ) =
f 3 (r ) f 4 (r ) Statement-2 Straight lines a 1 x + b 1y + c 1 = 0
n n
å f 1 (r ) å f 2 (r ) and a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 = 0 are parallel,
n
r =1 r =1 a b c
then å D(r ) = n n if 1 = 1 ¹ 1
r =1
å f 3 (r ) å f 4 (r ) a2 b2 c 2
r =1 r =1
1 2 3
83. Consider the determinant 87. Statement-1 The value of the determinant 4 5 6 ¹ 0
a 1 + b1 x 2 a 1x 2 + b 1 c1
2 2
7 8 0
D = a2 + b2 x a2 x + b2 c 2 = 0,
a3 + b 3 x 2 a3 x 2 + b3 c3 Statement-2 Neither of two rows or columns of
1 2 3
where ai , bi , c i Î R (i = 1, 2, 3) and x Î R. 4 5 6 is identical.
Statement-1 The value of x satisfying D = 0 are 7 8 0
x = 1, - 1
a 1 b1 c 1
88. Statement-1 The digits A, B and C re such that
Statement-2 If a 2 b 2 c 2 = 0, then D = 0.
the three digit numbers A88, 6B8, 86C are divisible
a3 b3 c3 A 6 8
84. Statement-1 The value of determinant by 72, then the determinant 8 B 6 is divisible
æ pö æ pö 8 8 C
sin p cos ç x + ÷ tan ç x - ÷
è 4 ø è 4ø by 288.
æ pö æpö æx ö
sin ç x - ÷ - cos ç ÷ ln ç ÷ is zero. Statement-2 A = B = ?
è 4ø è2ø èy ø
æp ö æy ö
cot ç + x ÷ ln ç ÷ tan p
è4 ø èx ø
 Determinants Exercise 7 :
Subjective Type Questions
n In this section, there are 20 subjective questions. 98. Show that the determinant D( x ) is given by D( x ) =
b +c c b sin ( x + a ) cos ( x + a ) a + x sin a
89. Prove that c c +a a = 4abc . sin ( x + b ) cos ( x + b ) b + x sin b . isindependent of x.
b a a +b sin ( x + g ) cos ( x + g ) c + x sin g
a -b -c 2a 2a x x x
C1 C2 C3
90. Prove that 2b b - c -a 2b = (a + b + c ) 3 . y y y
99. Evaluate C1 C2 C3 .
2c 2c c -a - b z z z
C1 C2 C3
13 + 3 2 5 5
100. (i) Find maximum value of
91. Find the value of determinant 15 + 26 5 10 . 1 + sin 2 x cos 2 x 4 sin 2x
3 + 65 15 5 f (x ) = sin 2 x 1 + cos 2 x 4 sin 2x .
bc ca ab
sin 2 x 2
cos x 1 + 4 sin 2x
92. Find the value of the determinant p q r , where
(ii) Let A, B and C be the angles of a triangle, such that
1 1 1
A ³ B ³ C.
a, b and c respectively are the pth,q th and rth terms of a
harmonic progression. Find the minimum value of D, where
93. Without expanding the determinant at any stage, prove sin 2 A sin A cos A cos 2 A
3 D = sin 2 B sin B cos B cos 2 B .
-5 3 + 5i - 4i
2 sin 2 C sin C cos C cos 2 C
that 3 - 5i 8 4 + 5i has a purely real value.
3 x 2 - 4 x + 6 2x 2 + 4 x + 10 3x 2 - 2x + 16
+ 4i 4 - 5i 9
2 101. If f ( x ) = x -2 2x + 2 3x - 1 ,
ah + bg g ab + ch
1 2 3
94. Prove without expanding that bf + ba f hb + bc = a 3 x 2 sin x
af + bc c bg + fc then find the value of ò f ( x )dx .
ah + bg a h -3
1+x6
bf + ba h b . 102. If Y = sX and Z = tX all the variables beings functions of
af + bc g f X Y Z
s1 t 1
95. If A, B and C are the angles of a triangle and x, then prove that X 1 Z1 = X 3 Y1 ,
s2 t2
X 2 Y2 Z 2
1 1 1
where suffixes denote the order of differentiation with
1 + sin A 1 + sin B 1 + sin C = 0, respect to x .
2 2 2
sin A + sin A sin B + sin B sin C + sin C 103. If f , g and h are differentiable functions of x and
then prove that DABC must be isosceles. f g h
bg bg ¢ + b ¢g b ¢g ¢ D = (x f )¢ ( xg ) ¢ ( xh ) ¢ , then prove that
96. Prove that g a ga ¢ + g ¢a g ¢a ¢ ( x 2 f ) ¢¢ ( x 2 g ) ¢¢ ( x 2 h ) ¢¢
ab ab ¢ + a ¢b a ¢b ¢ f g h
= (ab ¢ - a ¢b ) (bg ¢ - b ¢g ) ( g a ¢ - g ¢a ). D¢ = f¢ g¢ h¢ .
u ( x 3 f ¢¢ ) ¢ ( x 3 g ¢¢ ) ¢ ( x 3 h ¢¢ ) ¢
97. If y = , where u and v are functions of x, show that
v 104. If | a1 | > | a 2 | + | a 3 |,| b 2 | > | b 1 | + | b 3 | and
2
u v 0
d y a1 a 2 a3
v3 = u¢ v v .
dx 2 | c 3 | > | c 1 | + | c 2 |, then show that b1 b 2 b 3 ¹ 0.
u ¢¢ v ¢¢ 2v ¢
c1 c 2 c3
 (a - a 1 ) - 2 (a - a 1 ) - 1 a1-1 107. Eliminates
-2 -1
105. Show that (a - a 2 ) (a - a 2 ) a 2-1 = (i) a, b and c
(a - a 3 ) - 2 (a - a 3 ) -1 a 3-1 (ii) x , y, z from the equations
a 2 P (a i - a j ) by cz cz ax
± . Write out the terms of the product in -a + + = 0, - b + + =0
P ai P(a - ai ) 2 z y x z
the numerator and give the resulting expression its ax by
correct sign. and -c + + = 0.
y x
106. Show that in general there are three values of t for
which the following system of equations has a 108. If x , z and y are not all zero and if
non-trivial solution (a - t )x + by + cz = 0,
ax + by + cz = 0, bx + cy + az = 0
bx + (c - t )y + az = 0 and cx + ay + (b - t )z = 0.
and cx + ay + bz = 0, then
Express the product of these values of t in the form of a prove that x : y : z = 1 : 1 : 1 or 1 : w : w2 or 1 : w2 : w.
determinant.

Determinants Exercise 8 :
Questions Asked in Previous 13 Year’s Exam
n
This section contains questions asked in IIT-JEE, 113. Consider the system of equations
AIEEE, JEE Main & JEE Advanced from year 2005 to x - 2y + 3z = -1
year 2017.
- x + y - 2z = k
109. If a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = -2 and x - 3y + 4z = 1
1+a2x (1 + b 2 )x (1 + c 2 )x
Statement-1 The system of equations has no solutions
f ( x ) = (1 + a 2 )x 1 + b 2 x (1 + c 2 )x , then f ( x ) is a
for k ¹ 3. [IIT-JEE 2008, 3M]
(1 + a 2 )x (1 + b 2 )x 1 + c 2 x and 1 3 -1
polynomial of degree [AIEEE 2005, 3M] Statement-2 The determinant -1 -2 k ¹ 0, for k ¹ 3.
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 1 4 1
110. The system of equations (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2
ax + y + z = a - 1, is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
x + ay + z = a - 1 (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is
and x + y + az = a - 1 not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
has no solution, if a is [AIEEE 2005, 3M] (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(a) not -2 (b) 1 (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(c) -2 (d) Either -2 or 1
114. Let a, b, c be any real numbers. Suppose that there are
111. If a1 , a 2 , a 3 ,..., an ,... are in GP, then the determinant
real numbers x, y, z not all zero such that
log an log an + 1 log an + 2 x = cy + bz, y = az + cx and z = bx + ay. Then,
D = log an + 3 log an + 4 log an + 5 is equal to a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2abc is equal to [AIEEE 2008, 3M]
log an + 6 log an + 7 log an + 8 (a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
[AIEEE 2005, 3M]
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 4 (d) 2 115. Let a, b, c be such that b(a + c ) ¹ 0. If
1 1 1 a a +1 a -1 a +1 b +1 c -1
112. If D = 1 1 + x 1 for x ¹ 0, y ¹ 0, then D is -b b + 1 b - 1 + a - 1 b -1 c + 1 = 0,
1 1 1+y [AIEEE 2007, 3M] c c -1 c +1 n +2 n +1
( -1) a ( -1) b ( -1)n c
(a) divisible by neither x nor y then the value of n is [AIEEE 2009, 4M]
(b) divisible by both x and y (a) any integer (b) zero
(c) divisible by x but not y (c) an even integer (d) any odd integer
(d) divisible by y but not x
 1 tan q 1 122. Which of the following values of a satisfy the equation
116. If f (q ) = - tan q 1 tan q , then the set (1 + a ) 2 (1 + 2 a ) 2 (1 + 3 a ) 2
-1 - tan q 1 (2 + a ) 2 (2 + 2 a ) 2 (2 + 3 a ) 2 = -648 a ?
ì pü (3 + a ) 2 (3 + 2 a ) 2 (3 + 3 a ) 2
í f (q ): 0 £ q < ý is
î 2þ [IIT-JEE 2011, 2M]
[JEE Advanced 2015, 4M]
(a) ( -¥, - 1 ) È (1, ¥ ) (b) [2, ¥ ) (a) -4 (b) 9
(c) ( -¥, 0 ] È [2, ¥ ) (d) ( -¥, - 1 ] È [1, ¥ ) (c) -9 (d) 4
117. The number of values of k for which the linear equations 123. The system of linear equations
4 x + ky + 2z = 0 x + ly - z = 0
kx + 4y + z = 0 lx - y - z = 0
2x + 2y + z = 0 x + y - lz = 0
Possess a non-zero solution is [AIEEE 2011,4M] has a non-trivial solution for [JEE Main 2016, 4M]
(a) zero (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 (a) exactly one-value of l
118. If the trivial solution is the only solution of the system (b) exactly two values of l
of equations (c) exactly three values of l
x - ky + z = 0 (d) infinitely many values of l.

kx + 3y - kz = 0 124. The total number of distinct x Î R for which

3x + y - z = 0 x x2 1+ x 3
2
Then, the set of values of k is 2x 4x 1 + 8x 3 = 10 is
(a) {2, - 3 } (b) R - {2, - 3 }
3x 9x 2 1 + 27 x 3
(c) R - {2 } (d) R - { -3 } [AIEEE 2011, 4M] [JEE Advanced 2016, 3M]

119. The number of values of k for which the system of 125. Let a, l, m ÎR. Consider the system of linear equations
equations (k + 1)x + 8y = 4k ; kx + (k + 3)y = 3k - 1
ax + 2y = l
has no solution, is
(a) 1 (b) 2 3x - 2y = m
(c) 3 (d) infinite [JEE Main 2013, 4M] Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?
n n [JEE Advanced 2016, 4M]
120. If a , b ¹ 0 and f (n ) = a + b and
(a) If a = -3, then the system has infinitely many solutions
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) for all values of l and m
1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) = k(1 - a ) 2 (1 - b ) 2 (a - b ) 2 , (b) If a ¹ -3, then the system has a unique solution for all
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f ( 4 ) values of l and m
(c) If l + m = 0, then the system has infinitely many solutions
then k is equal to [JEE Main 2014, 4M]
for a = -3
(a) 1 (b) -1
(d) If l + m ¹ 0, then the system has no solution for a = -3
(c) ab (d) 1 / ab
121. The set of all values of l for which the system of linear 126. If S is the set of distinct values of ‘b’ for which the
following system of linear equations
equations
2x 1 - 2x 2 + x 3 = lx 1 x +y +z = 1
2x 1 - 3x 2 + 2x 3 = lx 2 x + ay + z = 1
ax + by + z = 0
- x 1 + 2x 2 = lx 3
has a non-trivial solution [JEE Main 2015, 4M] has no solution, then S is [JEE Main 2017, 4M]
(a) contains two elements (a) an infinite set
(b) contains more than two elements (b) a finite set containing two or more elements
(c) is an empty set (c) a singleton
(d) is a singleton (d) an empty set
 Answers
52. (c) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (a) 57. (c)
58. (c) 59. (a) 60. (d) 61. (b) 62. (d) 63. (b)
64. (b) 65. (a) 66. (c) 67. (2) 68. (9) 69. (2)
70. (1) 71. (3) 72. (6) 73. (1) 74. (8) 75. (3)
76.(8) 77. (A) ® (p,r); (B) ® (p,r); (C) ® (p,q,s,t)
78. (A) ® (p,s,t); (B) ® (r,t); (C) ® (p,q)
79. (A) ® (r); (B) ® (r,t); (C) ® (p,q,s)
80. (A) ® (p,q,r); (B) ® (p,q,r,s,t); (C) ® (p,q,r,s,t)
81. (A) ® (p,r); (B) ® (p,q,r,t); (C) ® (p,r,s)
82. (c) 83. (b) 84. (a) 85. (a) 86. (b) 87. (b)
88. (c) 91. 15 2 - 25 3
1
92. 0 99. xyz (x - y)( y - z )( z - x)
12
100. (i) 6 (ii) 0 101. 0
2
105. - a (a1 - a2 )(a2 - a3 )(a3 - a1 )
Chapter Exercises a b c
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (b) 106. b c a
7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (c)
c a b
13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (a)
19. (d) 20. (a) 21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (b) yz zx xy
107. (i) + + +1= 0 (ii) a3 + b3 + c3 = 5 abc
25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (a) x2 y2 z2
31. (a, b, c, d) 32. (b, d) 33. (a, b, c, d) 34.(b, d)
109. (b) 110. (c) 111. (b) 112. (b) 113. (a) 114. (c)
35. (a, c, d) 36. (a, b, c) 37. (a, b, c, d) 38. (a, b, d)
39. (a, b, c, d) 40. (a, c, d) 41. (a, b) 42. (a, b) 115. (d) 116. (b) 117. (c) 118. (b) 119. (a) 120. (a)
43. (a, b) 44. (a, c) 45. (a, b, c) 46. (a) 121. (a) 122. (b, c) 123. (c) 124. (2) 125. (b,c,d)
47. (b) 48. (c) 49. (c) 50. (b) 51. (b) 126. (c)
 Applying R2 → R2 − R 1, then

Solutions
1. Q f (n ) = α n + βn Also,
2
∆( x ) =
x+a x+a+D
2D 2D
= 2D (x + a − x − a − D ) = − 2D 2

∫0 ∆(x ) dx = − 16
3 1 + f (1 ) 1 + f (2 ) ⇒ − 2 D 2 (2 ) = − 16
Let ∆ = 1 + f (1 ) 1 + f (2 ) 1 + f (3 ) ∴ D 2 = 4 or D = ± 2
1 + f (2 ) 1 + f (3 ) 1 + f ( 4 )
x 1+ x2 x3
3 1 + α + β 1 + α 2 + β2
3. Let ∆( x ) = loge (1 + x ) 2
e x
sin x
= 1+α+β 1 + α 2 + β2 1 + α 3 + β3
cos x tan x sin 2 x
1 + α 2 + β2 1 + α 3 + β3 1 + α 4 + β4
2 = a + bx + cx 2 +…
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
On putting x = 0, we get
= 1 α β × 1 α β = 1 α β
0 1 0
1 α 2 β2 1 α 2 β2 1 α 2 β2
0 1 0 =a
Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1 and C 3 → C 3 − C1, then
2 1 0 0
1 L 0 L 0
∴ 0 =a
M
or a = 0, then
∆= 1 α −1 β −1
∆( x ) = bx + cx 2 +…
M
Hence, ∆( x ) is divisible by x .
1 α2 − 1 β2 − 1
a2 b2 c2
Expanding along R 1, we get
2 2 4. Given, (a + 1) 2
(b + 1 ) (c + 1 ) 2 = 0
2
α −1 β −1 1 1
∆= = (α − 1 ) 2 ( β − 1 ) 2 (a − 1 ) 2 (b − 1 ) 2 (c − 1 ) 2
α 2 − 1 β2 − 1 α+1 β+1
= (α − 1 ) 2( β − 1 ) 2 ( β − α ) 2 = (1 − α ) 2 (1 − β ) 2 (α − β ) 2 a2 b2 c2
= k(1 − α ) 2 (1 − β ) 2 (α − β ) 2 [given] ⇒ a 2 + 2a + 1 b 2 + 2b + 1 c 2 + 2c + 1 = 0
∴ k =1 a 2 − 2a + 1 b 2 − 2b + 1 c 2 − 2c + 1

2. Qa, b, c and d are in AP. Let D be the common difference,then Applying R2 → R2 − R 3, then
b = a + D, c = a + 2 D, d = a + 3 D …(i) a2 b2 c2
x+a x+b x + a −c 4a 4b 4c =0
and ∆( x ) = x + b x+c x −1 a 2 − 2a + 1 b 2 − 2b + 1 c 2 − 2c + 1
x+c x+d x −b + d 1
Applying R 3 → R 3 − R 1 + R2 , then
On putting the values of b, c and d from Eq.(i) in ∆( x ) , then 2
x+a x + a + D x − 2D a2 b2 c2
∆( x ) = x + a + D x + a + 2 D x − 1 4 a b c =0
x + a + 2D x + a + 3D x + 2D 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Applying R2 → R2 − ( R 1 + R 3 ), then
2 ⇒ − a b c =0 [Q R1 → R 3]
x+a x+a+D x − 2D
a2 b2 c2
M
1 1 1
∆( x ) = 0 L 0 L −1
⇒ a b c =0
M 2 2
a b c2
x + a + 2D x + a + 3D x + 2D
⇒ (a − b ) (b − c ) (c − a ) = 0
Expanding along R2 , then ∴ a − b = 0 or b − c = 0 or c − a = 0
x+a x+a+D ⇒ a = b or b = c or c = a
∆( x ) =
x + a + 2D x + a + 3D Hence, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle.
 α x x x a b c
x β x x 7. Q b c a = − (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc )
5. Let ∆ =
x x γ x c a b
x x x δ = − (a + b + c ) (a + bω + cω 2 ) (a + bω 2 + cω )
Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1, C 3 → C 3 − C1 and C 4 → C 4 − C1, then [where ω is cube roots of unity]
α x −α x −α x −α = − f (α ) f ( β ) f ( γ ) [Qα = 1, β = ω, γ = ω 2 ]
x β−x 0 0
∆= cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 4 x
x 0 γ−x 0
8. Let ∆ = sin 2 x cos 2 x cos2 x
x 0 0 δ−x
cos 4 x cos2 x cos 2 x
Expanding along first column, then
∆ =α β( − x ) γ( − x ) δ( − x ) − x ( x −α ) γ( − x ) δ( − x ) 1 − 2 sin 2 x sin 2 x 1 − 8 sin 2 x (1 − sin 2 x )
+ x (δ − x ) (x − α ) (x − β) − x (x − α ) (β − x ) (γ − x ) = sin 2 x 1 − 2 sin 2 x 1 − sin 2 x
= ( x − α )( x − β ) ( x − γ ) ( x − δ ) − x [( x − α )( x − γ ) ( x − δ ) 1 − 8 sin x (1 − sin x ) 1 − sin x
2 2 2
1 − 2 sin 2 x
+ ( x − β )( x − γ ) ( x − δ ) 1 0 1
+ ( x − α )( x − β ) ( x − δ ) + ( x − α ) ( x − β ) ( x − γ )] [given] The required constant term is 0 1 1
= f ( x ) − x f ′( x ) 1 1 1
∴ f ( x ) = ( x −α ) ( x −β ) ( x − γ ) ( x −δ ) Applying C 3 → C 3 − C1, then
a b −c c + b 1 L 0 L 0
6. Given, a+c b c −a = 0 M
a −b a + b c 0 1 1 = 1( 0 − 1 ) = − 1
a b −c c + b
2 M
1 2
⇒ a + ac b c −a = 0 1 1 0
a 2
a − ab a + b c 9. Q − 1 ≤ x < 0 ⇒ [x ] = − 1
Applying C1 → C1 + bC 2 + cC 3, then 0 ≤y <1 ⇒ [y ] = 0
a + b + c b −c c + b
2 2 2 1 ≤z <2 ⇒ [z ] = 1
1 2 0 0 1
⇒ a + b2 + c2 b c −a = 0 [x ] + 1 [y ] [z ] M
a 2
a +b +c a+b
2 2
c Let ∆ = [ x ] [y ] + 1 [z ] = − 1 L 1 L 1
Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R 3 → R 3 − R 1, then [x ] [y ] [z ] + 1 M
a2 + b2 + c2 L b − c L c −b −1 0 2
0 1
1
M Expanding along C 2 , then ∆ = = 1 = [z ]
⇒ 0 c −b −a = 0 −1 2
a
M y2 − xy x2 xy 2 − xy x 2y
1
0 a+c −b 10. Let ∆ = a b c = ax b cy
xy
Expanding along C1, then a′ b′ c′ a′ x b′ c ′y
(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) c −b −a Applying C1 → C1 + y C 2 and C 3 → C 3 + xC 2 , then
⇒ =0
a a+c −b 0 L − xy L 0
(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) M
⇒ [( − bc + (b + a ) (a + c )] = 0 1
a ∆= ax + by b bx + cy
xy
(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) ( − bc + ab + bc + a 2 + ac )
⇒ =0
M
a a ′ x + b ′y b′ b ′ x + c ′y
⇒ (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) (a + b + c ) = 0 Expanding along R 1, then
Q a2 + b2 + c2 ≠ 0 1 ax + by bx + cy
= ⋅ xy ⋅
∴ a+b+c=0 xy a ′ x + b ′y b ′ x + c ′y
Therefore, line ax + by + c = 0 passes through the fixed point ax + by bx + cy
(1, 1). =
a ′ x + b ′y b ′ x + c ′y
11. Q In a triangle A + B + C = π and e π = cos π + i sin π = − 1 14. As a1 b1 c1, a 2 b2 c 2 and a 3b 3c 3 are even natural numbers each of
e i (B + C ) = e i (π −A) = e i π⋅ e i A = − e − i A c1, c 2, c 3 is divisible by 2.
⇒ e − i (B + C )
= −e iA Let Ci = 2 λ i for i = 1, 2, 3 and λ i ∈ N , then
Similarly, e − i ( A + B ) = − e iC and e − i (C + A ) = − e iB 2 λ 1 a1 b1 λ 1 a1 b1
Taking e i A , e i B , e iC common from R 1, R 2 and R 3 respectively, ∆ = 2 λ 2 a 2 b2 = 2 λ 2 a 2 b2 = 2m
we get 2 λ 3 a 3 b3 λ 3 a3 b 3
e iA e − i (A + C ) e − i (A + B ) where m is some natural number. Thus, ∆ is divisible by 2.
∆ = e i A⋅ e iB⋅ e iC e − i ( B + C ) e iB e − i (A + B ) That ∆ may not be divisible by 4 can be seen by taking the
− i (B + C ) − i (A + C ) three numbers as 112, 122 and 134.
e e e iC
2 1 1
e iA − e iB − e iC ∆ = 2 1 2 = 2(3 − 2 ) − 1(6 − 8 ) + 1(2 − 4 ) = 2
iπ
=e = −e iA
e iB
− e iC 4 1 3
−e iA
−e iB
e iC which is divisible by 2 but not by 4.
iA
Taking e , e , e iB iC
common from C1, C 2 and C 3 respectively, c b cos B + c β a cos A + b α + c γ
we get 15. Let ∆ = a c cos B + a β b cos A + c α + a γ
1 −1 −1 b a cos B + b β c cos A + a α + b γ
∆ = ( − 1 ) e i A ⋅ e iB ⋅ e iC − 1 1 −1 Applying C 2 → C 2 − βC1 and C 3 → C 3 − γ C1, then
−1 −1 1 c b cos B a cos A + bα
1 −1 −1 ∆ = a c cos B b cos A + cα
= (− 1) e i π − 1 1 −1 b a cos B c cos A + aα
−1 −1 1 Applying C 3 → C 3 − α sec B C 2 , then
1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 c b cos B a cos A c b a
= (− 1) (− 1) − 1 1 −1 = −1 1 −1 ∆ = a c cos B b cos A = cos A cos B a c b
−1 −1 1 −1 −1 1 b a cos B c cos A b a c
a b c
Applying C 2 → C 2 + C1 and C 3 → C 3 + C1, then
Applying C1 ↔ C 3, then ∆ = − cos A cos B b c a
1 0 0
c a b
∆ = −1 0 − 2 = 1 ( 0 − 4) = − 4 1
−1 −2 0 = − cos A cos B (a + b + c ) ⋅ [(a − b ) 2 + (b − c ) 2 + (c − a ) 2 ]
2
12. Taking x 5 common from R 3, then Given, cos A ≠ 0, cos B ≠ 0 and a + b + c ≠ 0
Q ∆=0
xn xn+ 2 x 2n
∴ (a − b ) 2 + (b − c ) 2 + (c − a ) 2 = 0
x 5
1 xa a = 0, ∀ x ∈ R
which is independent, when a − b = 0, b − c = 0 and c − a = 0
xn xa + 1 x 2n i.e., a =b =c
⇒ a + 1 =n + 2 ⇒ a =n + 1 Hence, ∆ABC is an equilateral.
13. Since, x, y and z are in AP. 16. Here, x1 + x 2 = 6, x1x 2 = 3 …(i)

∴ 2y = x + z …(i) and y1 + y 2 = 4, y1y 2 = 2 
5 4 3
Let ∆ = x 51 y 41 z 31 x1x 2 y1y 2 1
x y z Let ∆ = x1 + x 2 y1 + y 2 2
π 
5 4 3 sin ( π x1x 2 ) cos  y1y 2  1
2 
= 100 x + 50 + 1 100y + 40 + 1 100z + 30 + 1
x y z 3 2 1
1 = 6 4 2 [from Eq. (i)]
Applying R2 → R2 − ( R 1 + R 3), then  π
2 sin 3 π cos   1
 4
5 0 3
= 100 x + 50 + 1 0 100z + 30 + 1 [from Eq. (i)] 3 2 1
x 0 z Applying R2 → R2 − 2 R 1, then ∆ = 0 0 0 =0
1
=0 [Q all elements of C 2 are zeroes] 0 1
2
 10 10 11
C4 C5 Cm Now, subtracting Eq. (iv) from Eq. (v), we get
17. Q ∆ = 11
C6 11
C7 12
Cm + 2 f ′′′( 0 ) − f ′′ ( 0 ) g ′′′ ( 0 ) − g ′′ ( 0 ) h ′′′( 0 ) − h ′′ ( 0 )
12
C8 12
C9 13
Cm + 4 a b c
p q r
Applying C 2 → C 2 + C1 and use Pascal’s rule
( nCr + nCr − 1 = n + 1Cr ), then = 6n − 2r = 2 (3n − r )
cos ( x + α ) cos ( x + β ) cos ( x + γ )
10 11 11
C4 C5 Cm 20. Q f ( x ) = sin ( x + α ) sin ( x + β) sin ( x + γ )
∆= 11
C6 12
C7 12
Cm + 2 = 0 [given] sin ( β − γ ) sin ( γ − α ) sin (α − β )
12 13 13
C8 C9 Cm + 4
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x , then
∴ m =5 − sin ( x + α ) − sin( x + β ) − sin ( x + γ )
1 sin (α − β ) θ cos (α − β ) θ f ′ (x ) = sin ( x + α ) sin ( x + β ) sin ( x + γ )
18. Let ∆ = a sin αθ cos αθ sin ( β − γ ) sin ( γ − α ) sin (α − β )
a sin (α − β ) θ cos (α − β ) θ
2
cos ( x + α ) cos ( x + β ) cos ( x + γ )
Applying R 1 → R 1 − R 3, then + cos ( x + α ) cos ( x + β ) cos ( x + γ )
sin ( β − γ ) sin ( γ − α ) sin ( α − β )
1 − a2 L 0 L 0
M sin( x + α ) sin ( x + β ) sin ( x + γ )
∆= a sin αθ cos αθ = − sin ( x + α ) sin ( x + β ) sin ( x + γ )
M sin ( β − γ ) sin ( γ − α ) sin ( α − β )
a2 sin(α − β ) θ cos (α − β ) θ cos ( x + α ) cos ( x + β ) cos ( x + γ )
+ cos ( x + α ) cos ( x + β ) cos ( x + γ )
Expanding along R 1, then
sin ( β − γ ) sin ( γ − α ) sin ( α − β )
sin αθ cos αθ
∆ = (1 − a ) 2
=0+0 [Q R 1 and R 2 are identical]
sin (α − β ) θ cos (α − β ) θ
=0
= (1 − a 2 ) [sin αθ ⋅ cos (α − β ) θ − cos αθ ⋅ sin (α − β ) θ ] ∴ f (x ) = c [constant]
Now, f (θ ) − 2 f ( φ ) + f ( ψ ) = c − 2c + c = 0
= (1 − a 2 ) sin (αθ − αθ + βθ ) = (1 − a 2 ) sin βθ
1 1 1
f ( x ) g ( x ) h( x ) 21. Let ∆ = a b c
19. Let F ( x ) = a b c = mx 4 + nx 3 + rx 2 + sx + t a3 b3 c3 1 1 1
p q r a b c
…(i) Taking a, b, c common from C1, C 2, C 3, then = abc 1 1 1
On differentiating twice and thrice of Eq. (i) w.r.t.x , then a2 b2 c2
f ′′ ( x ) g ′′ ( x ) h ′′ ( x ) On multiplying in R 1 by abc , then
F ′′ ( x ) = a b c bc ca ab 1 1 1
p q r ∆ = 1 1 1 = − bc ca ab [R1 ↔ R2 ]
= 12 mx 2 + 6nx + 2r …(ii) a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2

f ′′′ ( x ) g ′′′ ( x ) h ′′′ ( x ) 1 1 1

F ′′′ ( x ) = a b c = 24 mx + 6n …(iii) = a2 b2 c2 [R2 ↔ R 3]
p q r bc ca ab

On putting x = 0 in Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get = (a − b ) (b − c ) (c − a ) (a + b + c )

1 1 1
f ′′ ( 0 ) g ′′ ( 0 ) h ′′ ( 0 )
Now, D = (x − a )2 (x − b )2 (x − c )2
a b c = 2r …(iv)
(x − b ) (x − c ) (x − c ) (x − a ) (x − a ) (x − b )
p q r
= (b − a ) (c − b ) (a − c ) ( 3 x − a − b − c )
f ′′ ( 0 ) g ′′ ( 0 ) h ′′ ( 0 ) Now, given that a, b and c are all different, then D = 0
and a b c = 6n …(v) ∴ 3x −a − b − c = 0
p q r 1
⇒ x = (a + b + c )
3
22. Given, determinant Similarly, f [ f ( x )] − x < 0, ∀ x ∈ R
2a (bc − 4a 2 ) − b (b 2 − 2ac ) + c ( 2ab − c 2 ) = 0 Thus, roots of the equation f [ f ( x )] − x = 0 are imaginary
⇒ − [(2a ) 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3 ⋅ 2a ⋅ b ⋅ c ] = 0 2 α δ
1 Let z= β 0 α
⇒ ( 2a + b + c ) [( 2a − b ) 2 + (b − c ) 2 + (c − 2a ) 2 ] = 0
2 γ β 1
⇒ 2a + b + c = 0 …(i) [Qb ≠ c ]
2 α δ 2 β γ 2 α δ
Let f ( x ) = 8ax 3 + 2bx 2 + c x + d
Then, z = β 0 α = α 0 β = β 0 α =z
 1 b c 2a + b + c
∴ f ( 0 ) = d and for   = a + + + d = +d γ β 1 δ α 1 γ β 1
 2 2 2 2
0 Hence, z is purely real.
= + d =d [from Eq. (i)]
2 25. For infinitely many solutions
 1 ∆ = ∆1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0
⇒ f (0) = f  
 2 2 −1 1
So, f ( x ) satisfies Rolle’s theorem and hence f ′ ( x ) = 0 has ∆ = 0 ⇒ 1 −2 1 = 0 ⇒ t =5
 1 t −1 2
atleast one root in 0, .
 2 
For t = 5, ∆1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0
x3+1 x 2y x 2z − 2t − 10 −5 − 10
23. Given, xy 2 y 3 + 1 y 2z = 11
Now, ∫0 f ( x ) dx = ∫
0
f ( x ) dx = ∫
0
f ( x ) dx + ∫− 5 f ( x ) dx

xz 2 yz 2 z3 + 1 =∫
− 10 − 10
−5
f ( x + 5 ) dx + ∫− 5 f ( x ) dx
Taking x, y , z common from C1, C 2, C 3 respectively, then − 10
x3+ 1 =∫ [ f ( x + 5 ) + f ( x )] dx
2 2 −5
x x
x − 10
y3 +1 =∫ 2dx = 2 ( − 10 + 5 )
−5
⇒ xyz y 2
y 2
= 11
y = − 10 = − 2t
2 2 z3 + 1 26. On putting x = 0, we get a 0 = 1
z z
z
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x and putting x = 0 , we get
On multiplying R 1 by x , R2 by y and R3 by z, we get
a 1 = 4a
x3+ 1 x3 x3
On differentiating again w.r.t. x and putting x = 0, we get
⇒ y 3
y +1
3
y3 = 11
2a 2 = 12a 2 + 8b
z3 z3 z3+ 1
or a 2 = 6a 2 + 4b
Applying R 1 → R 1 + R2 + R 3, then
a1 a1 a 2
x 3 + y 3 + z 3 + 1 x3 + y 3 + z 3 + 1 x 3 + y 3 + z 3 + 1
Also, given a 0 a 2 a 0 = 0
y3 y3+1 y3 = 11
a 2 a 0 a1
z 3
z 3
z +1
3
⇒ − (a 30 + a 13 + a 32 − 3a 0 a1 a 2 ) = 0
Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1 and C 3 → C 3 − C1, then
1
x3+y3+z3+1 0 0 ⇒ (a 0 + a 1 + a 2 ) [(a 0 − a 1) 2 + (a 1 − a 2 ) 2
2
y3
O
0 = 11 + (a 2 − a 0) 2 ] = 0
1
z3 0 O Q a 0 + a1 + a 2 ≠ 0
1
∴ (a 0 − a 1) + (a 1 − a 2 ) + (a 2 − a 0) 2 = 0
2 2
⇒ x 3 + y 3 + z 3 + 1 = 11
⇒ a 0 − a 1 = 0, a 1 − a 2 = 0, a 2 − a 0 = 0
⇒ x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 10
∴ a 0 = a1 = a 2
Therefore, the ordered triplets are (2, 1, 1 ), (1, 2, 1 ) and (1, 1, 2 ).
⇒ 1 = 4a = 6a 2 + 4b
24. Q f ( x ) − x = 0 has imaginary roots.
1 5
Then, f ( x ) − x > 0 or f ( x ) − x, 0, ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ a= and b =
4 32
for f ( x ) − x > 0, ∀ x ∈ R,
27. Q f ( x ) = log10 x and g ( x ) = e πi x
then f [ f ( x )] − f ( x ) > 0, ∀ x ∈ R
On adding, we get ∴ f (10 ) = log10 10 = 1
f [ f ( x )] − x > 0, ∀ x ∈ R and g(10 ) = e 10πi = ( − 1 )10 = 1
 f (10 2 ) = log10 10 2 = 2 ⇒ (cos θ − 3 ) (2 + cos θ ) = 0
and g (10 ) = e2 100πi
= (− 1) 100
=1 cosθ = 3,−2, where −2 is neglected.
λ −1 cos θ
f (10 ) = log10 10 = 3
3 3
Hence, 3 1 2 > 0 only trivial solution is possible.
and g (10 3 ) = e 1000πi = ( − 1 )1000 = 1 cos θ 1 2
f (x ) ⋅ g (x ) [ f ( x )]g ( x ) 1
2 a2 + x2 ab ac
Given, φ( x ) = f ( x 2 ) ⋅ g ( x 2 ) [ f ( x 2 )]g ( x )
0 31. Q ∆ = ab b2 + x2 bc
3
f ( x 3 ) ⋅ g ( x 3 ) [ f ( x 3 )]g ( x )
1 ac bc c2 + x2
f (10 ) ⋅ g(10 ) [ f ( 10 )] g (10)
1 Taking a, b, c common from R 1, R 2 , R 3 respectively, then
g (102 )
∴ φ (10 ) = f (10 ) ⋅ g(10 ) [ f (10 )]
2 2 2
0 a2 + x2
3 b c
f (10 3 ) ⋅ g(10 3 ) [ f (10 3 )]g (10 )
1 a
b +x
2 2
1 1 1 ∆ = abc a c
b
= 2 2 0 =0 c 2 + x2
a b
3 3 1 c
1 ( α − α − 2x ) 2 ( α 2x + α − 2x ) 2
2x
On multiplying in C1, C 2, C 3 by a, b, c respectively, then
28. Let ∆ = 1 ( β 2x − β − 2x ) 2 ( β 2x + β − 2x ) 2 a2 + x2 b2 c2
1 ( γ 2x − γ − 2x ) 2 ( γ 2x + γ − 2x ) 2 ∆= a 2
b +x
2 2
c2
1 (α 2 x − α − 2 x )2 4 a2 b2 c2 + x2
Applying C 3 → C 3 − C 2, then ∆ = 1 ( β 2 x − β − 2 x ) 2 4 =0 Now, applying C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3, then
1 (γ 2 x − γ − 2 x )2 4 x2 + a2 + b2 + c2 b2 c2
29. The given equations can be written as ∆= x +a +b +c b +x
2 2 2 2 2 2
c2
(a − 1 ) x − y − z = 0, x2 + a2 + b2 + c2 b2 c2+ x2
− x + (b − 1 ) y − z = 0 Applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and R 3 → R 3 − R 1, then
and − x − y + (c − 1 ) z = 0
x2 + a2 + b2 + c2 b2 c2
For non-trivial solution
a −1 −1 −1 ∆= 0 O 2
x 0
−1 b −1 −1 = 0 0 0 O x2
−1 −1 c −1 = x 4 (x 2 + a 2 + b 2 + c 2 )
Applying C1 → C1 − C 3 and C 2 → C 2 − C 3, then 6 2i 3+ 6
a 0 −1 32. Let ∆ = 12 3+ 8i 3 2+ 6i
0 b −1 = 0 18 2 + 12 i 27 + 2i
−c −c c −1
Applying R 2 → R 2 − 2 R1 and R 3 → R 3 − 3 R 1, then
Expanding along R 1, then
⇒ a (bc − b − c ) − 0 − 1 ( 0 + bc ) = 0 6 L 2i L 3+ 6
⇒ ab + bc + ca = abc M
λ −1 cos θ ∆= 0 3 −2 3 + 6i
30. For non-trivial solution 3 1 2 =0 M
cos θ 1 2 0 2 −3 2 + 2i
Applying R 3 → R 3 − R 2 , then Expanding along C1, we get
λ −1 cos θ 3 − 2 3 + 6i
= 6
M 2 − 3 2 + 2i
3 1 2 =0
= 6 [ − 3 6 + 2i 3 + 2 6 − 2i 3 ]
M
cos θ − 3 L 0 L 0 = 6 (− 6 ) = − 6 [real and rational]
n
Expanding along R 3, then 33. ∑ 2k − 1 = 1 + 2 + 22 + ... + 2n = 2n − 1
⇒ (cos θ − 3 ) ( − 2 − cos θ ) = 0 k =1
 n
1 n
1 1  i.e. a, b and c are in GP and ( x − α ) is a factor of
∑ k (k + 1) = ∑  k − k + 1 ax 2 + 2bx + c = 0.
k =1 k =1
1 1 n 2 cos x 1 0
= − =
1 n+1 n+1 35. Q f ( x ) = 1 2 cos x 1
0 1 2 cos x
 n + 1  nθ 
sin   θ sin  
n
 2   2 = 2 cos x ( 4 cos x − 1 ) − 1 ( 2 cos x − 0 ) + 0
2
and ∑ sin kθ =
 θ  = 2 cos x ( 4 cos2 x − 1 − 1 )
k =1 sin  
 2
= 4 cos x ( 2 cos2 x − 1 )
= 4 cos x cos 2 x
1
2k − 1 sin kθ = 2 (cos 3 x + cos x )
k (k + 1 )
x y z Option (a)
Dk =  n + 1  nθ   π  3π π  1
Given,
sin   θ sin   f   = 2  cos + cos  = 2  − 1 +  = − 1
n  2   2  3  3 3   2
2n − 1
n+1  θ Option (b)
sin  
 2 f ′( x ) = 2 ( − 3 sin 3 x − sin x )
 π  π  3
∴ f ′   = 2  − 3 sin π − sin  = 2  0 −  =− 3
n
 3  3   2 
n n
∑2 k −1 1
∑ k (k + 1) ∑ sin kθ
k =1 k =1
k =1 Option (c)
π
n π π sin 3 x 
∴ ∑ Dk = x y
 n + 1
z
 nθ 
∫0 f (x ) dx = 2 ∫0 (cos3x + cos x ) dx = 2  3
+ sin x

0
k =1 n sin   θ sin  
2n − 1  2   2 = 2 [( 0 + 0 ) − ( 0 + 0 )] = 0
n+1
 θ Option (d)
sin  
 2 π π π
∫0 f (x ) dx = 2 ∫− π (cos3x + cos x ) dx = 4 ∫0 (cos 3x + cos x ) dx
 n + 1  nθ 
sin   θ sin   =0 [from option (c)]
n  2   2
2n − 1 x 2 − 5x + 3 2x − 5 3
n+1  θ
sin   36. Q ∆ ( x ) = 3x 3 + x + 4 6x + 1
 2 9
= x y z =0 7 x 2 − 6 x + 9 14 x − 6 21
 n + 1  nθ 
sin   θ sin   Applying R2 → R2 − 3 R1 and R3 → R 3 − 7 R1, then
n  2   2
2n − 1
n+1  θ x 2 − 5x + 3 K 2x − 5 K 3
sin  
 2 M
a b aα + b = 16 x − 5 16 0
34. We have, b c bα + c = 0 M
aα + b bα + c 0 29 x − 12 29 0
Applying C 3 → C 3 − α C1 − C 2 , then 16 x − 5 16
Expanding along C 3, we get = 3
a b 0 29 x − 12 29
M Applying C1 → C1 − x C 2, then
b c 0 =0
− 5 16
M ∆ (x ) = 3 = 3 ( − 145 + 192 ) = 3 × 47
− 12 29
aa + b L ba + c L −(aa 2 + 2ba + c )
Expanding along C 3 , we get = 141 = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d [given]
− (aα 2 + 2bα + c ) (ac − b 2 ) = 0 ∴ a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 141
⇒ (aα + 2bα + c ) (b − ac ) = 0
2 2
a2 b sin A c sin A
⇒ b 2 − ac = 0 and aα 2 + 2bα + c = 0 37. Q ∆ = b sin A 1 cos A
c sin A cos A 1
 Taking common a from each R 1 and C1, then sec 2 x 0 1
b sin A c sin A M
1
a a 1 sin B sin C f ( x ) = cos2 x K cos2 x − cos4 x K cosec2 x
b sin A
∆= 1 cos A = sin B 1 cos A M
a
c sin A sin C cos A 1 1 0 cot 2x
cos A 1
a Expanding along C 2, then
[ by sine rule] sec 2 x 1
Applying C 2 → C 2 − sin B C1 and C 3 → C 3 − sin C C1, then f ( x ) = sin 2 x cos2 x
1 cot 2 x
1 L 0 L 0
= sin 2 x cos2 x ( cosec2 x − 1 )
M
= sin 2 x cos2 x cot 2 x = cos4 x
∆ = sin B 1 − sin 2 B cos A − sin B sin C
M option (a)
π /4 π /4 π /4
sin C cos A − sin B sin C 1 − sin C
2
∫− π /4 f (x ) dx = ∫− π /4 cos4 x dx = 2 ∫
0
cos4 x dx
2
Expanding along R 1, then π /4  1 + cos 2 x 
=2 ∫   dx
cos [ π − ( B + C )] 0  2 
cos2 B
∆= − sin B sin C 1 π /2  1 + cos x 
2

cos [ π − ( B + C )] − sin B sin C cos2 C =2 ×

2 ∫0 
 2
 dx

[Q A + B + C = π ] 1 π /2

4 ∫0
= (1 + 2 cos x + cos2 x ) dx
cos2 B − cos ( B + C ) − sin B sin C
=
− cos ( B + C ) − sin B sin C cos2 C 1 π /2 1 π /2 1 π /2
= ∫ 1 ⋅ dx + ∫ cos x dx + ∫ cos2 x dx
4 0 2 0 4 0
cos2 B − cos B cosC 1 π  1 1 1 π
=  − 0 + (sin x)0 + ⋅ ⋅
= π /2
− cos B cos C cos2 C 4 2  2 4 2 2
= cos2 B cos2 C − cos2 B cos2 C = 0 π 1 π 1 1
= + (1 − 0 ) + = (2π + 8 + π ) = (3π + 8)
8 2 16 16 16
a a2 0
option (b)
38. Q f (a, b ) = 1 ( 2a + b ) (a + b ) 2
Q f ′( x ) = 4 cos3 x ⋅ ( − sin x )
0 1 ( 2a + 3b )
π
∴ f′  = 0
Applying C 2 → C 2 − aC1, then  2
a K 0 K 0 option (c) and (d)
M Q 0 ≤ cos4 x ≤ 1
f (a, b ) = 1 (a + b ) (a + b ) 2 Q Maximum value of f ( x ) is 1.
M and minimum value of f ( x ) is 0.
0 1 (2a + 3b ) a a + x2 a + x2 + x4
40. Let ∆ = 2a 3a + 2 x 2 4a + 3 x 2 + 2 x 4
Expanding along R 1, then
3a 6a + 3 x 2 10a + 6 x 2 + 3 x 4
(a + b ) (a + b ) 2
f (a, b ) = a Applying R2 → R2 − 2 R 1 and R 3 → R3 − 3 R 1,then
1 ( 2a + 3b )
a a + x2 a + x2 + x4
1 (a + b ) ∆= 0 a 2a + x 2
= a (a + b )
1 ( 2a + 3b ) 0 3a 7a + 3 x 2
= a (a + b ) ( 2a + 3b − a − b ) Applying R 3 → R 3 − 3 R 2, then
= a (a + b ) (a + 2b ) a a + x2 a + x2 + x4
O
sec 2 x 1 1 ∆= 0 a 2a + x 2
39. Q f ( x ) = cos2 x cos2 x cosec2 x 0 0 O a
1 cos2 x cot 2 x
= a 3 = a 0 + a1 x + a 2 x 2 + a 3x 3 + a 4 x 4 + a 5 x 5
Applying C 2 → C 2 − cos x C1, then 2
+ a 6 x 6 + a 7 x 7 [given]
 ∴ a 0 = a 3, a1 = 0, a 2 = 0, a 3 = 0, a 4 = 0, a 5 = 0, a 6 = 0, a 7 = 0 Applying C 3 → C 3 − x C 2 , then
and f ( x ) = a 0 x 2 + a 3 x + a 6 = a 3x 2 3 0 2a 2
= 3x 2a 2 2a 2x
option (a) f ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ a 3x 2 ≥ 0
3 x 2 + 2a 2 4a 2x 2a 2x 2 + 2a 4
If a 3 > 0, then x 2 ≥ 0
3 0 1
∴ a > 0, x ∈ R
option (b) If a = 0, then f ( x ) = 0 = 4a 4 3x 1 x
and If x = 0 , then f ( x ) = 0 3 x 2 + 2a 2 2 x x2 + a2
∴ Aliter (b) is fail Applying C1 → C1 − 3 C 3, then
option (c) f ( x ) = 0 0 0 1
⇒ a x = 0 or x = 0
3 2 2 M
∴ x = 0, 0 f ( x ) = 4a 4 0 1 x
option (d) For a = 0, f ( x ) = 0 is an identity, then it has more M
than two roots. − a 2 L 2x L x 2 + a 2
4x − 4 (x − 2)2 x3 Expanding along C1, we get
41. Let ∆ ( x ) = 8x − 4 2 ( x − 2 2 ) ( x + 1) 3
2
= 4a 4 [ − a 2 ( 0 − 1 )] = 4a 6
12 x − 4 3 ( x − 2 3 ) 2 ( x − 1 ) 3
∴ f ′ (x ) = 0
= a 0 + a1x + a 2 x 2 + ... …(i) i.e. y = f ( x ) is a straight line parallel to X -axis.
On putting x = 0 in Eq. (i), then 43. Qa > b > c and given equations are
−4 4 0 ax + by + cz = 0,
−4 2 8 1 = a0 bx + cy + az = 0
− 4 3 12 −1 and cx + ay + bz = 0
For non-trivial solution
or a 0 = − 4 ( − 8 − 12 ) − 4 ( 4 2 + 4 3 )
a b c
= 16 ( 5 − 2 − 3 ) = term independent of x in ∆. b c a =0
Also, on differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x and then put x = 0, we c a b
get
⇒ 3abc − (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) = 0
4 −4 −40 4 0
∴ a+b+c=0
−4 2 8 1 + 8 −4 2 3
If α and β be the roots of at 2 + bt + c = 0
−4 3 12 −1 −4 3 12 −1
b c
−4 4 0 ∴ α + β = − and αβ =
a a
+−4 2 8 1 = a1 and D = b 2 − 4ac = ( − a − c ) 2 − 4ac = (a − c ) 2 > 0
12 −4 3 3
For opposite sign | α − β | > 0
∴ a1 = 4 ( − 8 − 12 ) + 4 ( 4 2 + 4 3 ) ⇒ (α − β ) 2 > 0 ⇒ (α + β ) 2 − 4 αβ > 0
− 4 ( 4 2 − 36 ) − 4 ( − 8 + 12 3 ) b 2 4c
⇒ − > 0 ⇒ ( − a − c ) 2 − 4ac > 0
a2 a
− 4 ( 24 + 4 3 ) − 4 ( − 12 2 − 12 )
⇒ (a − c ) 2 > 0, true
= 48 + 48 2 − 48 3 = 48 (1 + 2 − 3 )
Hence, the roots are real and have opposite sign.
= Coefficient of x in ∆( x ) 1 1 1
3 3x 3 x 2 + 2a 2 44. Here, ∆ = 1 3 2 = 1( 9 − 2λ ) − 1 ( 3 − 2) + 1 (λ − 3)
42. Q f ( x ) = 3x 3 x 2 + 2a 2 3 x 3 + 6a 2x 1 λ 3
3 x + 2a
2 2
3 x 3 + 6a 2x 3 x 4 + 12a 2x 2 + 2a 4 = − (λ − 5)
Applying C 3 → C 3 − x C 2 and C 2 → C 2 − x C1, then 3 1 1
∆1 = 6 3 2 = 3( 9 − 2λ ) − 1 (18 − 2b ) + 1 ( 6λ − 3b )
3 0 2a 2
b λ 3
f (x ) = 3x 2a 2 4a 2x
3 x + 2a
2 2
4a 2x 6a 2x 2 + 2a 4 = − (b − 9 )
 1 3 1 47. The system is good, if
∆2 = 1 6 2 = 1 ∆ = ∆1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0
1 b 3 ⇒ λ = 5 and µ = 13
(18 − 2b ) − 3 (3 − 2 ) + 1 (b − 6 ) = − (b − 9 ) 48. The system is lazy, if
1 1 3 ∆ = 0 and atleast one of ∆1, ∆ 2, ∆ 3 ≠ 0
and ∆ 3 = 1 3 6 = 1 ⇒ λ = 5 and µ ≠ 13
1 λ b Sol. (Q. Nos. 49 to 51)
2
bc − a 2 ca − b 2 ab − c 2 a b c
(3b − 6λ ) − 1 (b − 6 ) + 3 λ
( − 3 ) = (2b − 3λ − 3 )
Aliter (a) for unique solution ∆ ≠ 0 Q ca − b ab − c bc − a = b c a
2 2 2
...(i)
i.e. λ ≠ 5 , b ∈R ab − c 2 bc − a 2 ca − b 2 c a b
Aliter (b) for no solution For a = 1, b = x and c = x 2
D = 0 and atleast one of ∆1, ∆ 2, ∆ 3 is non-zero 2
∴ λ =5,b ≠9 x3 −1 0 x − x4 1 x x2
Aliter (c) For infinite many solution 0 x −x 4
x −1 = x x2
3
1
∆ = ∆1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0 x − x4 x −1
3
0 x2 1 x
∴ λ = 5, b = 9 ∴ ∆ = 5 2 = 25
45. For non-trivial solutions 49. Q ∆2 = (25) 2 = 625
λ sin α cosα Sum of digits of ∆2 = 6 + 2 + 5 = 13
1 cosα sin α =0 50. From Eq. (i), we get
−1 sin α − cosα A B C a b c
2

Expanding along C1, we get B C A = b c a

⇒ λ ( − cos2 α − sin 2 α ) − 1 ( − sin α cosα − sin α cosα ) C A B c a b
− 1 (sin 2 α − cos2 α ) = 0 a b c
2

⇒ − λ + sin 2α + cos2α = 0 ⇒ 49 = b c a
c a b
⇒ λ = (sin 2α + cos2α )
a b c
Q − 2 ≤ sin 2α + cos2α ≤ 2
⇒ q b c a = ±7
∴ − 2≤λ≤ 2 c a b
⇒ S = [ − 2, 2 ] ⇒ −(a + b + c 3 − 3abc ) = ±7
3 3

Sol. (Q. Nos. 46 to 48) ⇒ a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc = m 7

1 1 1 ∴ a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc = 7 [Qa + b + c > 0]
∆= 1 2 3 = ( λ − 5 ), a b c
1 3 λ 51. Q aA + bB + cC = b c a = −(a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc )
5 1 1 c a b
∆1 = 9 2 3 = ( λ + µ − 18 ), = −( −3 ) = 3
µ 3 λ Sol. (Q. Nos. 52 to 54)
Q α + β + γ = −2, αβ + βγ + γα = −1 and α β γ = 3
1 5 1
α β γ α β γ
∆2 = 1 9 3 = ( 4 λ − 2µ + 6 )
52. γ α β =− β γ α = α 3 + β3 + γ 3 −3 α β γ
1 µ λ
β γ α γ α β
1 1 5
= (α + β + γ )(α 2 + β 2 + γ 2 − αβ − βγ − γα )
and ∆ 3 = 1 2 9 = ( µ − 13 )
1 3 µ = (α + β + γ )[(α + β + γ ) 2 − 3(αβ + βγ + γα )]
= ( −2 )( 4 − 9 ) = 10
46. The system is smart, if
α −1 2x + 1
∆ ≠0 ⇒ λ ≠5 53. Let x = ⇒α =
α +2 1−x
or ∆ = ∆1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0
Q α is a root of x 3 + 2 x 2 − x − 3 = 0
⇒ λ = 5 and µ = 13
⇒ α 3 + 2α 2 − α − 3 = 0
  2x + 1
3
 2x + 1  2x + 1
2 4 10   9 15 
⇒   + 2  −  −3 = 0 55. Q f (2) + f (3) =  − + 2 +  − + 2 = 1
 1−x   1−x   1−x  4 4  4 4 

⇒ x 3 + 6 x 2 + 21 x − 1 = 0 ...(i) x 2 5x
56. Q f ( x ) + 1 = 0 ⇒ − +3 = 0
α −1 β −1 γ −1 4 4
Hence, , and are the roots of Eq. (i), then 25 23
α +2 β+2 γ+2 Q D = −3 = − < 0
α −1 β −1 γ −1 16 16
+ + = −6 ∴ Number of solutions = 0
α +2 β+2 γ+2
 25 
α −1 β −1 γ −1 6 m −  − 2
∴ + + = = D  16  7
α +2 β+1 γ+2 1 n 57. Minimum value of f ( x ) = − =− =
4a 1 16
⇒ m = 6 and n = 1, 7 
,∞
16 
Hence, range of f ( x ) is
m n2 6 1
then = = 42 − 5 = 37
m −n m + n 5 7 Sol. (Q. Nos. 58 to 60)
a b b a β γ
2 Put x = 1 on both sides, we get
1 1 0
54. Q b a b = β γ α = (α + β + γ − 3 αβγ ) 3 3 3 2
1 1 0 = a0 ⇒ 0 = a0
b b a γ α β
tan 1 sin 2 1 cos2 1
= (α + β + γ ) 2[(α + β + γ ) 2 − 3(αβ + βγ + γα )]2
we observe that
= ( −2 ) 2[( −2 ) 2 + 3 ]2 = 4 × 49 = 196 a1 = f ′(1 )
Sol. (Q. Nos. 55 to 57) x e x −1 (x − 1)3
2ax 2ax − 1 2ax + b + 1 where f ( x ) = x − ln x cos( x − 1 ) ( x − 1 ) 2
Q f ′( x ) = b b +1 −1 tan x sin 2 x cos2 x
2(ax + b ) 2ax + 2b + 1 2ax + b
1 e x −1 3( x − 1 ) 2
Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1 and C 3 → C 3 − C1, then
f ′( x ) = x − ln x cos( x − 1 ) ( x − 1 ) 2
2ax −1 b +1
tan x sin 2 x cos2 x
f ′( x ) = b 1 −1 −b
2ax + 2b 1 −b x e x −1 (x − 1)3
1
Applying R3 → R3 − R1 , then + 1− − sin( x − 1 ) 2( x − 1 )
x
2ax −1 b +1 tan x sin 2 x cos2 x
f ′( x ) = b 1 −1 − b
x e x −1 (x − 1)3
2b 2 −2b − 1
+ x − ln x cos( x − 1 ) ( x − 1 ) 2
Applying R3 → R3 − 2 R2 , then
sec 2 x sin 2 x − sin 2 x
2ax −1 b +1
M 1 1 0 1 1 0
f ′( x ) = b 1 −1 − b ⇒ f ′(1 ) = 1 1 0 + 0 0 0
M tan 1 sin 2 1 cos2 1 tan 1 sin 2 1 cos2 1
0 L 0 L 1 1 1 0
⇒ f ′( x ) = (2ax + b ) + 1 1 0
∴ f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c sec 2 1 sin 2 − sin 2

f (0) = 2 ⇒ c = 2 ...(i) = 0+ 0+ 0 = 0
and f ( 1 ) = 1 ⇒ a + b + 2 = 1 ⇒ a + b = −1 ...(ii) ∴ a1 = 0
π
Also,
 5
f ′   = 0 ⇒ 5a + b = 0 ...(iii) 58. cos−1(a1 ) = cos−1( 0) =
 2 2
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
59. Let P = lim(sin x ) x = lim(sin x ) x
x→a 0 x→ 0
1 5
a = and b = − ∴ ln p = lim x ln sin x
4 4 x→0
[form (0 × ∞)]
x 2 5x lnsin x cot x
∴ f (x ) = − +2 = lim = lim [ by L′ Hospital’s Rule]
4 4 x→ 0 Yx x→ 0 −Yx 2
 = − lim
x2
= −1 × 0 = 0
∴ ∑ a 2b = a 2b + a 2c + b 2a + b 2c + c 2a + c 2b
x→ 0 tan x
= (a + b + c )(ab + bc + ca ) − 3abc
∴ P = e0 = 1 = 3 p − 3r
60. Required Equation is = 6 2 − 3r
( x − a 0 )( x − a1 ) = 0
[Q (a + b + c) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2(ab + bc + ca )]
⇒ ( x − 0 )( x − 0 ) = 0
= 3(2 2 − r ) [∴p 2 = 8 ⇒ p = 2 2 ]
⇒ x2 = 0
Sol. (Q. Nos. 61 to 63) Sol. (Q. Nos. 64 to 66)
Multiplying R1, R2, R3 by a,b, c respectively and then taking a,b, c Taking a,b, c common from R1, R2, R3 respectively and then
common from C1, C 2, C 3, multiplying by a, b, c is C1, C 2, C 3 respectively, we get
we get a2 + n b2 c2
−bc ab + ac ac + ab ∆n = a 2 b2 + n c2
∆ = ab + bc −ac bc + ab a2 b2 c2 + n
ac + bc bc + ac −ab Applying C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3, then
Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1 and C 3 → C 3 − C1 and then taking n + a2 + b2 + c2 b2 c2
(ab + bc + ca ) from C 2 and C 3, we get
∆n = n + a 2 + b 2 + c 2 b 2 + n c2
−bc 1 1
n+a +b +c
2 2 2
b 2
c +n
2
∆ = (ab + bc + ca ) ab + bc − 1
2
0
ac + bc 0 −1 Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, then

n + a2 + b2 + c2 b2 c2
Applying R1 → R1 + R2 + R3, we get O
ab + bc + ca L 0 L 0 ∆n = 0 n 0
M O
= (ab + bc + ca ) 2 ab + bc −1 0 0 0 n
M
∆n = n + n (a + b + c )
3 2 2 2 2
...(i)
ac + bc 0 −1
Also, a + b + c = λ
−1 0
= (ab + bc + ca ) 3 = (ab + bc + ca ) 3 3b = λ [Qa,b, c are in AP ]
0 −1 λ
∴ b=
Also, a, b and c are the roots of 3
x 3 − px 2 + qx − r = 0 Also, b is root of x − λ x + 11 x − 6 = 0
3 2

Q a + b + c = p, ab + bc + ca = q, abc = r ⇒ b 3 − λ b 2 + 11b − 6 = 0
⇒ ∆ = q3 ...(i) λ3 λ3 11 λ
⇒ − + −6 = 0
61. Q AM ≥ GM 27 9 3
 ab + bc + ca  ⇒ 2 λ3 − 99 λ + 162 = 0
⇒   ≥ (ab ⋅ bc ⋅ ca )
1/3
 3  Q λ =6
q Then, equation becomes x − 6 x + 11 x − 6 = 0
3 2
⇒ ≥ (r 2 )1 / 3 ⇒ q 3 ≥ 27r 2
3 ∴ x = 1, 2, 3
or ∆ ≥ 27r2 Let a = 1, b = 2 and c = 3
[from Eq. (i)]
From Eq. (i), we get
62. Q a,b and c are in GP.
∆n = n 3 + 14n 2
∴ mb 2 = ac ⇒ b 3 = abc = r ⇒ b = r 1/3
and b is a root of x 3 − px 2 + qx − r = 0
n
n(n + 1 )(3n 2 + 59n + 28 )
∴ ∑ ∆n = 12
⇒ b 3 − pb 2 + qb − r = 0 n =1

⇒ r − pr 2 /3
+ qr 1 / 3 − r = 0
7
7 ⋅ 8(147 + 59 ⋅ 7 + 28 )
64. ∑ ∆r = 12
= (14 ) 3
⇒ p r =q r
3 2 3
r =1

∴ q =pr
3 3 ∆ 2n 8(n + 7 )
65. = <8
63. Q ∆ = 27 ⇒q = 27 3 ∆n (n + 14 )
∆ 2n
∴ q =3 ∴ <8
∆n
or ab + bc + ca = 3 and a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2
66. Q ∆ r = r 3 + 14r 2 x e x −1 (x − 1)3
27 ∆r − ∆ 3r 28 69. We have, x − ln x cos ( x − 1 ) ( x − 1 ) 2
∴ =
27r 2 3 tan x sin 2 x cos2 x
 27 ∆r − ∆ 3r  28
30
⇒ ∑  27r 2 
 = × 30 = 280
3
= a 0 + a1 ( x − 1 ) + a 2 ( x − 1 ) 2 + ... + an ( x − 1 )n …(i)
r =1
On putting x = 1 in Eq. (i) , we get
32 + k 42 32 + 3 + k 1 1 0
67. We have, 42 + k 52 42 + 4 + k = 0 1 1 0 = a 0 + 0 + 0 + ...
52 + k 62 52 + 5 + k tan 1 sin 2 1 cos2 1
Applying C 3 → C 3 − C1, then ∴ a0 = 0 [Q R1 and R2 an identical]
On differentiating Eq. (i) both sides w.r.t.x, then
3 +k 4
2 2
3
42 + k 52 4 =0 1 e x −1 3 (x − 1)2
52 + k 62 5 x − ln x cos ( x − 1 ) ( x − 1 ) 2
tan x sin 2 x cos2 x
Applying R2 → R2 − R 1 and R 3 → R 3 − R 1, then
x e x −1 (x − 1)3
9 + k 16 3  1
9 1 =0 + 1 −  − sin( x − 1 ) 2( x − 1 )
7  x
16 20 2 tan x sin 2 x cos2 x
x −1
⇒ (9 + k ) (18 − 20 ) − 16 (14 − 16 ) + 3 (140 − 144 ) = 0 x e (x − 1)3
⇒ − 18 − 2k + 32 − 12 = 0 ⇒ 2k = 2 + x − ln x cos ( x − 1 ) ( x − 1 ) 2
sec 2 x sin 2 x − sin 2 x
∴ k =1
1 1 1
+ + + ... + ∞
= 0 + a1 + 2a 2 ( x − 1 ) + 3a 3 ( x − 1 ) 2 + ... + nan ( x − 1 )n − 1
Now, 2k
2k
2k ... ∞ = (2k ) 2 4 8 Now, on putting x = 1, we get
1
1 1 0 1 1 0
2
1−
1 1 1 0 + 0 0 0
= (2k ) 2 = 2k = 2 1 = 2 tan 1 sin 2 1 cos2 1 tan 1 sin 2 1 cos2 1
x −1 − 6 2 1 1 0
68. We have, −6 x −2 − 4 = 0 + 1 1 0
2 − 4 x −6 sec 2 1 sin 2 − sin 2
Applying C 2 → C 2 + 3 C 3, then = a 1 + 0 + 0 + ... + 0
x −1 0 2 ∴a1 = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0
a1 + 1
− 6 x − 14 −4 =0 Hence, (2a 0 + 3a 1 ) = ( 2 0 + 3 0 ) 0 + 1 = (1 + 1 )1 = 21 = 2
2 3 x − 22 x − 6 1 cos α cos β 0 cos α cos β
Expanding along R 1, then 70. Given, cos α 1 cos γ = cos α 0 cos γ
( x − 1 ) {( x − 14 ) ( x − 6 ) + 4 (3 x − 22 )} − 0 + 2 cos β cos γ 1 cos β cos γ 0
{ − 18 x + 132 − 2 x + 2 } = 0 ⇒ 1 (1 − cos γ ) − cosα (cosα − cosβ cos γ )
2

⇒ ( x − 1 ) ( x − 8 x − 4 ) + 2 ( − 20 x + 160 ) = 0
2
+ cos β (cos γ cos α − cos β )
⇒ x − 9 x − 36 x + 324 = 0
3 2 = 0 − cosα ( 0 − cosβ cos γ ) + cosβ (cos γ cosα − 0 )
⇒ 1 − cos2 α − cos2 β − cos2 γ
⇒ (x − 9) (x − 6) (x + 6) = 0
∴ x = 9 or 6 or − 6 + 2 cos α cos β cos γ = 2 cos α cos β cos γ
Now, let α = 9, β = 6 , γ = − 6 ⇒ 1 − cos α − cos2 β − cos2 γ = 0
2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hence, cos2 α + cos2 β + cos2 γ = 1

∴ + + = + − =
α β γ 9 6 6 9
−1
(b + c ) 2 a2 a2
 1 1 1 71. Q f (a, b, c ) = b 2
(c + a ) 2
b2
∴  + +  =9
 α β γ c2 c2 (a + b ) 2
 Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1 and C 3 → C 3 − C1, then 3π
⇒ θ= [Qθ ∈[ 0, π ] ]
4
(b + c ) 2 a 2 − (b + c ) 2 a 2 − (b + c ) 2
8θ
f (a, b, c ) = b2 (c + a ) 2 − b 2 0 Hence, =6
π
c2 0 (a + b ) 2 − c 2 1 1 1 1
(b + c ) 2 (a + b + c ) (a − b − c ) (a + b + c ) (a − b − c ) 1 2 3 4
73. Let ∆=
= b2 (c + a + b ) (c + a − b ) 0 1 3 6 10
c 2
0 (a + b + c ) (a + b − c ) 1 4 10 20
Applying R2 → R2 − R 1, R3 → R3 − R 1 and R4 → R4 − R 1, then
(b + c ) 2 a − b − c a − b − c
= (a + b + c ) 2 b2 c + a −b 0 1 L 1 L 1 L 1
c2 0 a + b −c M
0 1 2 3
Applying R 1 → R 1 − ( R 2 + R 3), then
2bc − 2c − 2b ∆= M
f (a, b, c ) = (a + b + c ) 2 b 2 c + a − b 0 0 2 5 9
c2 0 a + b −c M
0 3 9 19
1 1
Applying C 2 → C 2 + C1 and C 3 → C 3 + C1, then
b c 1 2 3
2bc L 0 L 0 Expanding along C1, then ∆ = 2 5 9
M 3 9 19
b2 1 2 3
f (a, b, c ) = (a + b + c ) 2 b
2
c+a
c
M Applying R2 → R2 − 2 R1 and R3 → R 3 − R 1, then = 0 1 3
c2 0 3 10
c2 a+b
b 1 3
Expanding along C1, we get ∆ = 1 = 10 − 9 = 1
Expanding along R 1, then 3 10
f (a, b, c ) = (a + b + c ) 2 [2bc {(c + a ) (a + b ) − bc }] 1+a 1 1 1
= (a + b + c ) { 2bc (ac + bc + a + ab − bc )}
2 2 1 1+b 1 1
74. Let ∆ =
1 1 1+c 1
= 2bc (a + b + c ) a (a + b + c )
2

1 1 1 1+d
= 2abc (a + b + c ) 3
Taking a, b, c, d common from R 1, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 respectively,
We get, greatest integer n ∈ N such that (a + b + c )n divides
then
f (a, b, c ) is 3. 1
1 1 1
72. The system of equations has a non-trivial solution, then 1+
a a a a
1 − sin θ − cos θ 1 1 1 1
1+
− cos θ 1 −1 =0 ∆ = abcd b b b b
− sin θ − 1 1 1 1 1
1 1+
c c c c
Applying C 3 → C 3 + C 2, then 1 1 1 1
1+
1 L − sin θ L − sin θ − cos θ d d d d
M Applying R1 → R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + R 4 and taking
− cos θ 1 0 =0  1 1 1 1
1 + + + +  common, we get
M  a b c d
− sin θ −1 0  1 1 1 1
∆ = abcd 1 + + + + 
Expanding along C 3, then  a b c d
1 1 1 1
( − sin θ − cos θ ) (cos θ + sin θ ) = 0
1 1 1 1
⇒ (sin θ + cos θ ) 2 = 0 1+
b b b b
⇒ sin θ + cos θ = 0 1 1
1+
1 1
⇒ sin θ = − cos θ c c c c
1 1 1 1
∴ tan θ = − 1 1+
d d d d
 Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1, C 3 → C 3 − C1 and C 4 → C 4 − C1, then ⇒ x ⋅ 0 + y ⋅ 0 + g x + fy + c + λ = 0 [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
 1 1 1 1 ⇒ gx + fy + c + λ = 0 …(iv)
∆ = abcd 1 + + + + 
 a b c d
According to the question Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii) has unique
1 0 0 0
1 O solution. So, Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iv) has unique solution,
1 0 0
b O a h g
1 then h b f =0
0 1 0
c
1
O g f c+λ
0 0 1
d ⇒ a (bc + bλ − f 2 ) − h (ch + hλ − fg ) + g (hf − bg )
 1 1 1 1
= abcd 1 + + + +  1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 ⇒ (abc + 2 fgh − af 2 − bg 2 − ch 2 ) = λ(h 2 − ab )
 a b c d
= abcd + (bcd + acd + abd + abc ) = σ 4 + σ 3 abc + 2 fgh − af 2 − bg 2 − ch 2
or =λ
16  8 h 2 − ab
= + −  = 8
1  1
According to the question, λ = 8
1+a 1 1
77. (A) → ( p, r); (B) → ( p, r); (C) → ( p, q, s, t)
75. Given, 1 + b 1 + 2b 1 =0
(A) Using a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 0, we get
1+c 1 + c 1 + 3c
Taking a, b, c common from R 1, R 2 and R 3 respectively, then b2 + c2 ab ac −a 2 ab ac
1 1 1 ∆= ab c +a
2 2
bc = ab −b 2 bc
1+
a a a ac bc a + b2
2
ac bc −c 2
1 1 1
abc 1 + 2+ =0 −a a a
b b b
1+1 1+
1 1 = abc b −b b
3+
c c c c c −c
 1 1 1
Applying R 1 → R 1 + R2 + R3 and taking 3 + + + 
 a b c [taking a, b, c common from C1, C 2, C 3 respectively]
common, we get Applying C 2 → C 2 + C1 and C 3 → C 3 + C1, then
1 1 1 −a ... 0 ... 0
 1 1 1 1 1 1
abc 3 + + +  1 + 2+ =0 M
 a b c b b b ∆ = abc b 0 2b
1 1
1+ 1+ 3+1 M
c c c
Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1 and C 3 → C 3 − C1, then c 2c 0
1 L 0 L 0 = (abc ) ( −a ) ( −4 bc ) = 4a b 2 c 2 2

M
∴ λ=4
 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 −1 = 0
abc 3 + + +  a a +b a +b +c
 a b c 2
M (B) Let ∆ = 2a 5a + 2b 7a + 5b + 2c
1
1+ 0 2 3a 7a + 3b 9a + 7b + 3c
c
Expanding along R 1, we get Applying R2 → R2 − 2 R1 and R3 → R3 − 3 R1, then
 1 1 1 a L a +b L a +b +c
2 abc 3 + + +  = 0
 a b c M
Q a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0 ∆= 0 3a 5a + 3b
1 1 1
∴ + + = − 3 or | a − 1 + b − 1 + c − 1| = 3 M
a b c 0 4a 6a + 4b
76. Given equations 3a 5a + 3b
ax + hy + g = 0, …(i) =a
4a 6a + 4b
hx + by + f = 0 …(ii)
= a(18a 2 + 12ab − 20a 2 − 12ab )
and ax + 2hxy + by + 2 g x + 2 fy + c + λ = 0
2 2
…(iii)
= −2a 3 = −1024 [given]
Eq. (iii), can be written as ⇒ a = 512 = 8 3
3

x (ax + hy + g ) + y (hx + by + f ) + gx + fy + c + λ = 0 ∴ a =8
 x − 1 2x 2 − 5 x 3 − 1 D (a + b ) 2 − 4a1b1
Minimum value of f ( x ) = − =− 1 1
(C) Let ∆( x ) = 2 x 2 + 5 2 x + 2 x 3 + 3 ...(i) 4a 4( −1 )
x3 −1 x + 1 3x 2 − 2 (a1 − b1 ) 2 36
= = =9
4 4
According to the question,
(C)Q f ( x ) is a polynomial of degree atmost 6 in x .
∆( x ) = ( x 2 − 1 ) P ( x ) + ax + b
If f ( x ) = a 0 + a1x + a 2 x 2 + a 3x 3 + a 4 x 4 + a 5x 5 + a 6x 6
∴ ∆(1 ) = a + b and ∆( −1 ) = −a + b ...(ii)
From Eq. (i), we get ⇒ λ = a1 = f ′( 0 )
0 L 3 L 0 1 1 0 −2 −2 0 −2 1 0
M = 1 0 1 + −1 0 1 + −1 0 3
∆(1 ) = 7 4 4 = 3(7 − 0 ) = 21 1 1 8 0 2 8 0 1 12
M = −8 − 12 + 18 = −2
0 2 1 ∴ |λ|= 2
79. (A) → (r); (B) → (r, t); (C) → ( p, q, s)
−2 L −3 L 2
x 2 + 3x x −1 x +3
M
(A) Let f ( x ) = x 2 + 1 2 + 3x x −3
and ∆( −1 ) = 7 0 2 = 3(7 + 4 ) = 33
x2 −3 x+4 3x
M
−2 0 1 f ( x ) = ax 4 + bx 3 + cx 2 + dx + e ...(i)
0 −1 3
From Eq. (ii), a + b = 21 and −a + b = 33,
∴ e = f ( 0 ) = 1 2 −3 = 0 + 1 ( 0 − 9 ) + 3 ( 4 + 6 ) = 21
we get a = −6, b = 27
−3 4 0
∴ 4a + 2b = −24 + 54 = 30
Dividing both sides of Eq. (i) by x 4 i.e., C1 by x 2, C 2 by x
78. (A) → ( p, s, t); (B) → (r, t); (C) → ( p, q)
and C 3 by x and then taking lim , we get
1 1 1 1 1 1 x→ ∞
1 1 1
(A)Q ∆ = f1( x1 ) f1( x 2 ) f1( x 3 ) = f1(2 ) f1(3 ) f1(5 )
a = 1 3 1 = 1 (8 ) − 1 (2 ) + 1 ( −2 ) = 4
f 2( x1 ) f 2( x 2 ) f 2( x 3 ) f 2(2 ) f 2(3 ) f 2(5 )
1 1 3
1 1 1
Hence, e + a = 25
= 2 + a1 3 + a1 5 + a1
x −1 5x 7
4 + 2b1 + b2 9 + 3b1 + b2 25 + 5b1 + b2
(B) Let f ( x ) = x 2 − 1 x − 1 8 = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d ...(i)
Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1 and C 3 → C 3 − C1, then 2x 3x 0
1 L 0 L 0
M 1 0 7 −1 5 7 −1 0 0
∆= 2 + a1 1 3 ∴ c = f ′( 0 ) = 0 −1 8 + −1 1 8 + −1 −1 0
M 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
4 + 2b1 + b2 5 + b1 21 + 3b = 2( 0 + 7 ) − 3 ( −8 + 7 ) + 0 = 17
1 3 Dividing both sides of Eq. (i) by x 3 i.e., c1 by x 2, c 2 by x and
=
5 + b1 21 + 3b1 taking lim , we get
x→∞
= 21 + 3b1 − 15 − 3b1 = 6 0 5 7
1 b1 a1 M
(B)Q f ( x ) = 1 b1 2a1 − x a = 1 L 1 L 8 = −1 ( 0 − 21 ) = 21
1 2b1 − x a1 M
Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, then 0 3 0
1 L b1 L a1 Hence, c + a − 3 = 35
M
x 3 + 4x x + 3 x −2
f (x ) = 0 0 a1 − x
(C) Let g( x ) = x − 2 5x x −1
M
x −3 x +2 4x
0 b1 − x 0
= −(a1 − x )(b1 − x ) = − x 2 + (a1 + b1 ) x − a1 b1 = ax 5 + bx 4 + cx 3 + dx 2 + ex + f
 0 3 −2 1 0 1 −1 0 1 1 −1
i.e., = 1, = 0, = −1, = 2,
∴ f = g( 0 ) = −2 0 −1 = 0 − 3 ( 0 − 3 ) − 2 ( −4 − 0 ) = 17 −1 1 0 0 1 −1 1 1
−3 2 0 −1 1
= −2 ∴ n = 5 ⇒ (n − 1 ) 2 = 16
4 3 −2 0 1 −2 0 3 1 1 1
and e = g ′( 0 ) = 1 0 −1 + −2 5 −1 + −2 0 1 (B) There are only three determinants of second order with
1 2 0 −3 1 0 −3 2 4 negative value
0 1 1 1 0 1
= 1 − 23 + 11 = −11 , ,
Hence, f + e = 17 − 11 = 6 1 0 1 0 1 1

80. (A) → ( p, q, r); (B) → ( p, q, r, s, t); (C) → ( p, q, r, s, t) Number of possible determinants with elements 0 and 1
are 2 4 = 16. Therefore, number of determinants with
(A) Taking common a, b, c from R1, R2 and R3 respectively and non-negative values is 13.
then multiplying in C1, C 2 and C 3 by a, b, c respectively, then ∴ n = 13
a + (b 2 + c 2 )d b 2(1 − d ) c 2(1 − d ) ⇒ (n − 1 ) = 12
∆= a (1 − d )
2
b + (c + a )d
2 2 2
c 2(1 − d ) (C) There are only four determinants of second order with
negative value
a 2(1 − d ) b 2(1 − d ) c 2 + (a 2 + b 2 )d
−1 1 1 1 −1 −1 1 −1
, , ,
Applying C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3, then 1 1 1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1
1 b 2(1 − d ) c 2(1 − d ) ∴ n = 4 ⇒ n(n + 1 ) = 20
∆ = 1 b 2 + (c 2 + a 2 )d c 2(1 − d ) 82. Statement-1
1 b 2(1 − d ) c + (a 2 + b 2 )d
2 r r +1
∆ (r ) = = r (r + 4 ) − (r + 1 ) (r + 3 )
r +3 r +4
[Q a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 ]
= (r 2 + 4r ) − (r 2 + 4r + 3 ) = − 3
Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, then n n
1 b 2(1 − d ) c 2(1 − d ) ∴ Σ ∆(r ) = rΣ=1(− 3)
r =1
O
= ( − 3 ) + ( − 3 ) + ( − 3 ) + ... + ( − 3 ) = − 3n
∆= 0 d 0 =d2 1444442444443
n times
O ⇒ Statement-1 is true.
0 0 d Statement-2
[Q a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 ] f (r ) f 2(r )
∆ (r ) = 1 = f1(r ) f 4 (r ) − f 2(r ) f 3(r )
(B) Multiplying C1 by a, C 2 by b and C 3 by c, then f 3(r ) f 4 (r )
a b (a + b )
− n n

1
c
(b + c )
c
b c
c ∴ ∑ ∆ (r ) = ∑ [ f1(r ) f 4 (r ) − f 2(r ) f 3(r )]
r =1 r =1
∆= −
abc a a a n n

−
bd (b + c ) bd (a + 2b + c )
−
(a + b )bd = ∑ [ f1(r ) f 4 (r )] − ∑ [ f 2 (r ) f 3(r )] …(i)
ac ac ac r =1 r =1
n n
Applying C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3, then
∑ f1(r ) ∑ f 2(r )
b (a + b ) r =1 r =1
0 − and n n
c
1 b c
c
∑ f 3(r ) ∑ f 4 (r )
∆= 0 =0 r =1 r =1
abc a a
bd (a + 2b + c ) (a + b )bd  n   n   n   n 
0 − =  ∑ f1(r )  ∑ f 4 (r ) −  ∑ f 2(r )  ∑ f 3(r ) …(ii)
ac ac        
r = 1  r = 1  r = 1  r = 1 
(C) Applying C 3 → C 3 − cosd C1 − sin d C 2 , then n n

sin a cosa 0 n ∑ f1(r ) ∑ f 2(r )

∑ ∆ (r ) ≠
r =1 r =1
∆ = sin b cosb 0 =0 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get n n
sin c cosc 0
r =1
∑ f 3(r ) ∑ f 4 (r )
r =1 r =1
81. (A) → ( p, r); (B) → ( p, q, r, t); (C) → ( p, r, s)
∴ Statement-2 is false.
(A) Possible values are −2 , −1, 0, 1, 2 and numbering
Hence, Statement-1 is true and Statement-2 is false.
determinant = 3 4 = 81
 2 3
a1 + b1x 2 a1x 2 + b1 c1 86. Here, ∆= = 8 − 3b,
83. Q ∆ = a + b x 2 a x 2 + b c b 4
2 2 2 2 2
a 3
a 3 + b 3x 2 a 3x 2 + b 3 c3 ∆1 = = 4a − 15
2
5 4
a1 b1 c1 1 x 0
…(i) 2 a
= a 2 b2 c 2 × x 2 1 0 and ∆2 = = 10 − ab
b 5
a 3 b3 c 3 0 0 1
For infinite solutions, ∆ = ∆1 = ∆ 2 = 0
Statement-1 If ∆ = 0, then
15 8
a1 b1 c1 1 x2 0 We get, a = and b =
4 3
a 2 b2 c 2 × x 2 1 0 = 0
∴ Statement-1 is true and if lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a 3 b3 c 3 0 0 1
and a 2 x + b2 y + c 2 = 0 are parallel, then
1 x2 0 a 1 b 1 c1
= ≠
M a 2 b 2 c2
⇒ x2 1 0 = 0 ⇒ 1 − x = 0 or x = 1
4 4
∴ Statement-2 is true, but in Statement-1
M
[Q x ≠ − 1]
2
2 3 a
0 L 0 L 1 = =
b 4 5
Statement-1 is true 3 3 3
a1 b1 c1 ⇒ = =
4 4 4
Now, if a 2 b2 c 2 = 0, then [ both equation are identical]
a 3 b3 c 3 ∴ Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
∆=0 [from Eq. (i)]
1 2 3
Statement-2 is also true.
87. Q 4 5 6 = 1 ( 0 − 48) − 2 ( 0 − 42) + 3 (32 − 35)
Hence, both the statements are true but Statement-2 is not a
correct explanation of Statement-1. 7 8 0
84. Statement-2 is always true for Statement-1 = − 48 + 84 − 9
 π π π  π  = 84 − 57 = 27 ≠ 0
cos  x +  = cos  −  − x  = sin  − x
 4 2 4  4  ∴ Statement-1 is true.
 π Also, in given determinant neither two rows or columns are
= − sin  x − 
 4 identical, Statement-2 is true, Statement-2 is not a correct
explanation for Statement-1.
π  π π  π 
cot  + x = cot  −  − x  = tan  − x 88. Q A88, 6B 8, 86 C are divisible by 72, then A88 = 72 λ, 6B 8 = 72 µ
4  2 4  4 
 π  and 86 C = 72 υ, where λ , µ, υ ∈ N .
= − tan  x − 
 4 A 6 8
y   x 8 B 6
Also, ln   = − ln   Q
 x y  8 8 C
Therefore, determinant given in Statement-1 is skew-symmetric Applying R 3 → R 3 + 10 R 2 + 100 R 1, then
and hence its value is zero. Hence, both statements are true and
Statement-2 is a correct explanation of Statement-1. A 6 8
(1 + x )11
(1 + x ) 12
(1 + x ) 13 8 B 6
85. (1 + x ) 21 (1 + x ) 22 (1 + x ) 23 = A0 + A1x + A2 x 2 + ... [ let] 100 A + 80 + 8 600 + 10 B + 8 800 + 60 + c
(1 + x ) 31 (1 + x ) 32 (1 + x ) 33 A 6 8 A 6 8
On differentiating both sides w.r.t.x and then put x = 0, we get = 8 B 6 = 72 8 B 6 …(i)
11 12 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 72 λ 72 µ 72 υ λ µ υ
1 1 1 + 21 22 23 + 1 1 1 = 0 + A1 + 0 + 0 + ... Now, A88 is also divisible by 9, then
1 1 1 1 1 1 31 32 33 A + 8 + 8 = A + 16 is divisible by 9
∴ A =2
⇒ 0 + 0 + 0 = A1 ∴ A1 = 0
and 6 B 8 is also divisible by 9, then 6 + B + 8 = B + 14 is
∴ Coefficient of x in f ( x ) = 0
divisible by 9
Both statements are true, Statement-2 is a correct explanation
∴ B=4
of Statement-1.
 From Eq. (i), we get 13 + 3 2 5 5
2 6 8 1 3 4 91. Let ∆ = 15 + 26 5 10
= 72 8 2 6 = 288 4 1 3 = 288 [integer] 3 + 65 15 5
λ µ υ λ µ υ
3 2 5 5 13 2 5 5
Statement-1 is true and Statement-2 is false. = 15 5 10 + 26 5 10
b+c c b
3 15 5 65 15 5
89. Let ∆= c c +a a
b a a+b Taking common from 1st determinant 3, 5 and 5 from
Applying R 1 → R 1 − ( R 2 + R 3), then C1, C 2 and C 3 respectively and taking common from 2nd
0 − 2a − 2a determinant 13, 5 and 5 from C1, C 3 and C 3 respectively,
∴ ∆ = c c +a a we get 1 2 1
b a a+b = 3× 5× 5 5 5 2 + 13 × 5 × 5
Taking ( −2a ) common from R1, then 3 3 5 1 2 1
0 1 1
2 5 2
∆ = ( − 2a ) c c + a a
1 2 1 5 3 5
b a a+b
= 3 ×5 5 5 2 +0 [QC1 and C 3 are identical]
Applying C 2 → C 2 − C 3, then
0 0 1 3 3 5
∴ ∆ = ( −2a ) c c a 1 2 1
b −b a + b =5 3 5 5 2
3 3 5
Expanding along R 1, we get
c c Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1,
∆ = ( − 2a ) ⋅ 1 ⋅ = ( − 2a ) ( − 2bc ) 1 1 1
b −b
then ∆ =5 3 5 0 2
Hence, ∆ = 4abc
3 0 5
a − b −c 2a 2a
90. Let ∆ = 2b b − c −a 2b Expanding along C 2, then
c −a − b 5 2
2c 2c ∆ = 5 3 ⋅ (−1) = − 5 3 (5 − 6 )
3 5
Since, the answer is (a + b + c ) 3, we shall try to get (a + b + c ).
= − 25 3 + 15 2
Applying R1 → R 1 + R2 + R3, then
a + b + c a + b + c a + b +c = 15 2 − 25 3
∆= 2b b − c −a 2b 92. Given that, a, b and c are p th, q th and r th terms of HP ⇒ ,
1 1
2c 2c c −a − b a b
1
Taking (a + b + c ) common from R 1, we get and are p th, q th and r th terms of an AP. Let A and D are the
c
1 1 1 first term and common difference of AP, then
∆ = (a + b + c ) 2b b − c − a 2b 1
= A + ( p −1)D …(i)
2c 2c c −a − b a
1
Applying C1 → C 2 − C1 and C 3 → C 3 − C1 = A + (q − 1 ) D …(ii)
b
1 0 0 1
∴ ∆ = (a + b + c ) 2b − a − b − c 0 = A + (r − 1 ) D …(iii)
c
2c 0 − c −a − b Now, given determinant is
[by property, since all elements above 1 1 1
bc ca ab
leading diagonal are zero] a b c
= (a + b + c ) ⋅ 1 ⋅ ( − a − b − c ) ⋅ ( − c − a − b ) ∆ = p q r = abc p q r
Hence, ∆ = (a + b + c ) 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
 1 1 1 Expanding along R1, then
On substituting the values of , and from Eqs. (i), (ii) and
a b c sin B − sin A
∆=
(iii) in ∆, then (sin B − sin A ) (sin B + sin A + 1 )
A + ( p − 1 ) D A + ( q − 1 ) D A + (r − 1 ) D sin C − sin A
∆ = abc p q r (sin C − sin A ) (sin C + sin A + 1 )
1 1 1 = (sin B − sin A )(sin C − sin A )
Applying R 1 → R 1 − ( A − D ) R 3 − DR 2 , then 1 1
sin B + sin A + 1 sin C + sin A + 1
0 0 0
∆ = abc p q r = 0 = (sin B − sin A ) (sin C − sin A ) (sin C − sin B )
1 1 1 But, given ∆ = 0
3 ∴ (sin B − sin A ) (sin C − sin A ) (sin C − sin B ) = 0
−5 3 + 5i − 4i
2 ∴ sin B − sin A = 0 or sin C − sin A = 0
93. Let z = 3 − 5i 8 4 + 5i or sin C − sin B = 0
3
+ 4i 4 − 5i 9 ⇒ sin B = sin A or sin C = sin A or sin C = sin B
2 B = A or C = A or C = B
3 In all the three cases, we will have an isosceles triangle.
−5 3 − 5i + 4i
2 βγ βγ ′ + β′ γ β′ γ′
Then, z = 3 + 5i 8 4 − 5i [i.e., conjugate of z]
96. Let ∆ = γ ′ α γ ′ α ′ + γ′ α γ′ α ′
3
− 4i 4 + 5i 9 αβ αβ ′ + α ′β α ′β′
2
3 Taking β′ γ ′ , γ ′ α ′ and α ′β′ common from R1, R2 and R3
−5 3 + 5i − 4i
2 respectively, then
= 3 − 5i 8 4 + 5i β γ β γ
3 + 1
+ 4i 4 − 5i 9 β′ γ ′ β′ γ ′
2 γ α γ α
[interchanging rows into columns] ∆ = ( β′ γ ′ ) ( γ ′ α ′ ) (α ′ β′ ) + 1
γ ′ α′ γ ′ α′
⇒ z =z α β α β
+ 1
Hence, z is purely real. α ′ β′ α ′ β′
ah + bg g ab + ch Applying R2 → R2 − R 1 and R3 → R3 − R 1
94. LHS = bf + ba f hb + bc
β γ β γ
af + bc c bg + fc + 1
β′ γ ′ β′ γ ′
ah + bg g a ah + bg g h
γ α β α β
= b bf + ba f h + c bf + ba f b Then, ∆ = (α ′β′ γ ′ ) 2  −   −  0

γ ′ α ′ β′   α ′ β′ 
af + bc c g af + bc c f
β α γ α γ
In second determinant, applying C1 → C1 − bC 2 − aC 3, then  −   −  0
β′  α ′ γ ′   α′ γ ′ 
ah + bg bg a 0 g h
= bf + ba bf h + c 0 f b β γ β γ
+ 1
β′ γ ′ β′ γ ′
af + bc bc g 0 c f
α β  α γ γ
In first determinant, applying C 2 → C 2 − C1, then = (α ′β′ γ ′ ) 2  −   −  1 0
 α ′ β′   α ′ γ ′  γ ′
ah + bg − ah a ah + bg a h β
= bf + ba − ba h + 0 = a bf + ba h b = RHS 1 0
β′
af + bc − af q af + bc g f Expanding along C 3, then
1 1 1
α β  α γ  γ β
95. Let ∆ = 1 + sin A 1 + sin B 1 + sin C ∆ = (α ′β′ γ ′ ) 2  −   −   − 
 α ′ β′   α ′ γ ′   γ ′ β′ 
sin A + sin A sin B + sin B sin C + sin 2 C
2 2

Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1and C 3 → C 3 − C1, then α β  β γ  γ α

= (α ′β′ γ ′ ) 2  −   −   − 
1 0  α ′ β′   β′ γ ′   γ ′ α ′ 
∆= 1 + sin A sin B − sin A
(αβ′ − α ′β ) (βγ′ − β′ γ ) ( γα ′ − γ ′ α )
sin A + sin 2 A (sin B − sin A ) (sin B + sin A + 1) = (α ′β′ γ ′ ) 2
(α ′β′ γ ′ ) 2
0
sin C − sin A Hence, ∆ = (αβ′ − α ′ β ) ( βγ ′ − β′ γ ) ( γα ′ − γ ′ α )
(sin C − sin A ) (sin C + sin A + 1 )
97. Since, y =
u sin ( x + α ) cos ( x + α ) sin α
v = sin ( x + β ) cos ( x + β ) sin β
du dv
v −u sin ( x + γ ) cos ( x + γ ) sin γ
∴
dy dx dx vu′ − uv ′
= =
dx v 2
v2 Applying C1 → C1 − (cos x ) C 3 and C 2 → C 2 + (sin x ) C 3, we get
dy sin x cosα cos x cosα sin α
⇒ v2 = vu′ − uv ′ …(i)
dx ∆′( x ) = sin x cos β cos x cosβ sin β
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get sin x cos γ cos x cos γ sin γ
d 2y dy cos α cos α sin α
v2 2 + ⋅ 2vv ′ = (vu ′′ + u′ v ′ ) − (uv ′′ + v′ u′ )
dx dx = sin x ⋅ cos x cos β cos β sin β
d 2y dy cos γ cos γ sin γ
⇒ v2 2
+ 2vv ′ = vu ′′ − uv ′′
dx dx = sin x ⋅ cos x × 0 [QC1 and C 2 are identical]
On multiplying both sides by v, then =0
d 2y  dy  Thus, ∆( x ) is independent of x.
v3 + 2v ′ v 2  = v 2u ′′ − uvv ′′ x (x − 1) x (x − 1) (x − 2)
dx 2  dx  x
x
C1 x
C2 C3 x
1 ⋅2 1 ⋅2 ⋅3
d 2y y (y − 1 ) y (y − 1 ) (y − 2 )
⇒ v3 + 2v ′ (vu ′ − uv ′ ) = v 2u ′′ − uvv ′′ [from Eq. (i)] 99. Let ∆ = y
C1 y
C2 yC3 = y
dx 2 z z 1 ⋅2 1 ⋅2 ⋅3
C1 C2 z C3 z (z − 1 ) z (z − 1 ) (z − 2 )
2 z
3d
y
⇒ v = 2uv 2 − uvv′′ − 2vu′ v′+ v 2u ′′ …(ii) 1 ⋅2 1 ⋅2 ⋅3
dx 2
1 x − 1 x − 3x + 2
2
v v 0 xyz
= 1 y − 1 y 2 − 3y + 2
and v′ v′ v = u (2v′ − vu ′′ ) − v(2u′ v ′− u ′′ v )
2
12
1 z − 1 z 2 − 3z + 2
v ′′ v ′′ 2v ′′
Applying C 2 → C 2 + C1, then
= 2uv ′ 2 − 4vv ′′ − 2vu′ v ′ + v 2 u ′′ …(iii)
1 x x 2 − 3x + 2
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get xyz
∆= 1 y y 2 − 3y + 2
u v 0 12
2
3d y
1 z z 2 − 3z + 2
v = u′ v′ v
dx 2 Applying C 3 → C 3 + 3C 2 − 2C1, then
u′ v ′′ 2v ′
1 x x2
98. Here, we have to prove that ∆( x ) is independent of x . So, it is xyz 1
sufficient to prove that ∆′( x ) = 0 ∆= 1 y y2 = xyz ( x − y ) (y − z ) (z − x )
12 2 12
sin ( x + α ) cos ( x + α ) a + x sin α 1 z z
Now, ∆( x ) = sin ( x + β ) cos ( x + β ) b + x sin β 1 + sin 2 x cos2 x 4 sin 2 x
sin ( x + γ ) cos ( x + γ) c + x sin γ 100. (i) Q f (x ) = 2
sin x 1 + cos x 2
4 sin 2 x
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get sin 2 x cos2 x 1 + 4 sin 2 x
cos ( x + α ) cos ( x + α ) a + x sin α Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, then
∆′( x ) = cos ( x + β ) cos ( x + β ) b + x sin β 1 + sin 2 x cos2 x 4 sin 2 x
cos ( x + γ ) cos ( x + γ ) c + x sin γ f (x ) = −1 1 0
sin ( x + α ) − sin ( x + α ) a + x sin α −1 0 1
+ sin ( x + β ) − sin ( x + β ) b + x sin β Applying C 2 → C 2 + C1, then
sin ( x + γ ) − sin ( x + γ ) c + x sin γ 1 + sin 2 x 2 4 sin 2 x
sin ( x + α ) cos ( x + α ) sin α M
+ sin ( x + β ) cos ( x + β ) sin β f (x ) = −1 … 0 … 0
sin ( x + γ ) cos ( x + γ ) sin γ M
−1 −1 1
sin ( x + α ) cos ( x + α ) sin α
= 0 − 0 + sin ( x + β ) cos ( x + β ) sin β Expanding along R2 , then
2 4 sin 2 x
sin ( x + γ ) cos ( x + γ ) sin γ f (x ) = = 2 + 4 sin 2 x
−1 1
 ∴ Maximum value of Z1 = tX 1 + Xt1 …(iii)
f ( x ) = 2 + 4 (1 ) = 6 and Z 2 = tX 2 + Xt 2 + 2 X 1t1 …(iv)
sin 2 A sin A cos A cos2 A X Y Z
(ii) Q ∆ = sin 2 B sin B cos B cos2 B LHS = X 1 Y1 Z1
sin 2 C sin C cos C cos2 C X 2 Y2 Z2
tan 2 A tan A 1 X sX tX
= cos A cos B cos C tan 2 B tan B 1
2 2 2
= X1 sX 1 + Xs1 tX 1 + Xt1
tan 2 C tan C 1 X 2 sX 2 + Xs 2 + 2 X 1s1 tX 2 + Xt 2 + 2 X 1t1
1 tan A tan 2 A [using Eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)]
= − cos2 A cos2 B cos2 C 1 tan B tan 2 B Applying C 2 → C 2 − sC1 and C 3 → C 3 − tC1, then
1 tan C tan 2 C
X 0 0
= − cos2 A cos2 B cos2 C (tan A − tan B ) = X1 Xs 1 Xt 1
(tan B − tan C ) (tan C − tan A ) X2 Xs 2 + 2 X 1s 1 Xt 2 + 2 X 1t1
= − sin ( A − B ) sin( B − C ) sin (C − A ) Expanding w.r.t. R1, then
= sin ( A − B ) sin ( B − C ) sin ( A − C ) ≥ 0 [Q A ≥ B ≥ C ]
s1 t1
∴ ∆≥0 = X2
Xs 2 + 2 X 1s 1 Xt 2 + 2 X 1t1
Hence, minimum value of ∆ is 0.
Applying R2 → R2 − 2 X 1R1, then
x 2 − 4 x + 6 2 x 2 + 4 x + 10 3 x 2 − 2 x + 16
s1 t1 s1 t1
101. Let f ( x ) = x −2 2x + 2 3x − 1 = X2 = X3 = RHS
Xs 2 Xt 2 s 2 t2
1 2 3
On differentiating w.r.t. x , we get 103. Given determinant may be expressed as
f g
2x − 4 4x + 4 6x − 2
∆= xf ′ + f xg′ + g
f ′ (x ) = x − 2 2x + 2 3x − 1
( x 2 f ′′ + 4 xf ′ + 2 f ) ( x 2g ′′ + 4 x g ′ + 2 g )
1 2 3 h
x 2 − 4 x + 6 2 x 2 + 4 x + 10 3 x 2 − 2 x + 16 xh′ + h
+ 1 2 3 ( x h′′ + 4 xh′ + 2h )
2

1 2 3 Now, applying R3 → R3 − 4 R2 + 2 R 1, then

f g h
x 2 − 4 x + 6 2 x 2 + 4 x + 10 3 x 2 − 2 x + 16
∆ = xf ′+ f xg ′ + g xh′ + h
+ x −2 2x + 2 3x − 1
x 2 f ′′ x 2g ′′ x 2h ′′
0 0 0
f g h
f ′ ( x ) = 0, ∀ x ∈ R and f ( x ) = Constant Applying R2 → R2 − R1, then ∆ = xf ′ xg ′ xh′
6 10 16 x 2 f ′′ x 2g ′′ x 2h ′′
As, f (0) = − 2 2 − 1 = 2∴ f (x ) = 2 f g h
1 2 3 ⇒ ∆ =x f′ g′ h′
3x 2 sin x 3 x 2 sin x x f ′′ x g ′′
2 2
x 2h ′′
Now, I =∫ f ( x ) dx = 2 ∫− 3 1 + x 6 dx
− 3 1 + x6 f g h
x 2 sin x ⇒ ∆ = f′ g′ h′
Let g( x ) =
1 + x6 x 3 f ′′ x 3g ′′ x 3h ′′
− x 2 sin x f′ g h′ f g h
∴ g( − x ) = = − g( x )
1 + x6 ∴ ∆′ = f ′ g′ h′ + f ′′ g ′′ h ′′
Hence, g is an odd function. x 3 f ′′ x 3g ′′ x 3h ′′ x 3 f ′′ x 3g ′′ x 3h ′′
∴ I =0 f g h
102. Since, Y = X and Z = tX + f′ g′ h′
( x 3 f ′′ )′ ( x 3g′′ )′ ( x 3h ′′ )′
Y1 = sX 1 + Xs1 …(i)
Y2 = sX 2 + Xs 2 + 2 X 1s1 …(ii)
 f g h ∆ = 0 is a cubic equation in t.
=0+0+ f′ g′ h′ So, it has in general three solutions t1, t 2 and t 3.
( x 3 f ′′ )′ ( x 3g ′′ )′ ( x 3h ′′ )′ Let ∆ = a 0t 3 + a1t 2 + a 2 t + a 3
f g h Clearly, a 0 = Coefficient of t 3= −1,
a a
Hence, ∆′ = f′ g′ h′ so t1t 2 t 3 = − 3 = − 3 = a 3 = Constant term in the expansion
a0 −1
( x 3 f ′′ ) ′ ( x 3g′′ ) ′ ( x 3h ′′ ) ′ of ∆. i.e. ∆ (at t = 0)
a b c
104. Let the given determinant be equal to zero. Then, there exist
x, y and z not all zero, such that ∴ t1 t 2 t 3 = a 3 = b c a
a1x + a 2 y + a 3z = 0, b1x + b2 y + b3z = 0 c a b
and c1x + c 2 y + c 3z = 0 107. (i) Eliminating a, b and c from given equations, we obtain
Assume that, | x | ≥ | y | ≥ | z | and x ≠ 0. Then, from y z
a1x = ( − a 2 y ) + ( −a 3z ) −1
z y
∴ | a1x | = | − a 2 y − a 3z | ≤ | a 2 y | + | a 3z | z x
⇒ | a1| | x | ≤ | a 2 | | y | + | a 3 | | z | −1 =0
x z
But x ≠ 0 i.e. | a1 | ≤ | a 2 | + | a 3 | x y
−1
Similarly, | b2 | ≤ | b1 | + | b3 | y z
| c 3 | ≤ | c1 | + | c 2 | Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, then
which is contradiction. Hence, the assumption that the y z
determinant is zero must be wrong. −1
z y
(a − a1 ) − 2 (a − a1 ) − 1 a1− 1 z y x z
0 − − =0
105. LHS = (a − a 2 ) − 2 (a − a 2 ) − 1 a 2− 1 x z z y
(a − a 3 ) − 2 (a − a 3 ) − 1 a 3− 1 0
x y y z
− −
y z x y
1 (a − a1 ) a1− 1 (a − a1 ) 2
Expanding along C1, then
= (a − a1 ) −2 −2
(a − a 2 ) (a − a 3 ) −2
1 (a − a 2 ) a 2− 1 (a − a 2 ) 2
 z y  y z   x y   x z 
1 (a − a 3 ) a 3− 1 (a − a 3 ) 2 − −   −  + −   −  =0
 x x  x y  y z   z y 
Applying R2 → R2 − R 1 and R3 → − R3 − R 1, then yz zx xy
⇒ + + +1=0
x2 y 2 z 2
1 a1− 1 (a − a1 ) 2
(a − a1 ) (ii) To eliminate x, y and z.
(a − a1a 2 ) (a1 − a 2 )
2 y z x
LHS =
1
0 (a1 − a 2 ) Let α = , β = and γ = in the given equations,
Π (a − ai ) 2
a1a 2 z x
c
y
(a 2 − a1a 3 ) (a1 − a 3 ) bα + = a, …(i)
0 (a1 − a 3 ) α
a1a 3 a
Expanding w.r.t. 1st column, then cβ + = b …(ii)
β
(a − a1a 2 ) (a1 − a 2 )
2
b
(a1 − a 2 ) and aγ + = c …(iii)
LHS =
1 a1a 2 γ
Π (a − ai )2 (a1 − a 3 )
(a 2 − a1a 3 ) (a1 − a 3 ) Also, αβγ = 1
a1a 3 From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
a 2 − a1a 2  c  a  b
1 bα +  cβ +  aγ +  = abc
(a − a 2 ) (a1 − a 3 ) a1a 2  α  
β  γ
= 1
Π (a − ai )2 1 a 2 − a1a 3
βγ αγ αβ
a1a 3 ⇒ 2abc + ac 2 + a2b + b 2c
α β γ
(a1 − a 2 ) (a1 − a 3 ) a 2 (a 2 − a 3 ) − a Π (ai − a j )
2
= = γ β α
a1a 2 a 3 Π (a − ai ) 2
Π ai Π (a − ai )2 + a 2c + bc 2 + ab 2 = abc
αβ γα βγ
Numerator = − a 2 (a1 − a 2 ) (a 2 − a 3 ) (a 3 − a1 ) 1 1 [Qαβγ = 1]
⇒ ac 2 2 + a 2b 2
The resulting expression has negative sign. α β
106. The given system of equation will have a non-trivial solution 2 1
in the determinant of coefficients. + b c 2 + a 2c γ 2 + bc 2 β 2 + ab 2 α 2 = − abc
γ
a −t b c
 c2   a2   b2 
∴ ∆= b c −t a ⇒ a  2 + b 2 α 2  + b  2 + β 2c 2  + c  2 + a 2 γ 2  = − abc
α  β  γ 
c a b −t
…(iv)
 On squaring Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, then
c2 a2
b 2 α 2 + 2 = a 2 − 2bc, c 2 β 2 + 2 = b 2 − 2ca and 1 (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
α β
b2 = 0 1−x 0 = (1 − x 2 )
a γ + 2 = c 2 − 2ab
2 2
γ 0 0 1−x
On putting these values in Eq. (iv), we get Hence, degree of f ( x ) = 2
a (a 2 − 2bc ) + b (b 2 − 2ca ) + c (c 2 − 2ab ) = − abc
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = 5abc 110. For no solution or infinitely many solutions
a b c α 1 1
108. Here, ∆ = b c a . According to the question, x, y and z not 1 α 1 =0
c a b 1 1 α
all zero. Hence, the given system of equations has non-trivial Applying C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3, then
solution. α +2 1 1
∆=0
a b c α +2 α 1 = 0
b c a =0 α+2 1 α
c a b Applying R1 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, then
⇒
1
(a + b + c ) [(a − b ) + (b − c ) + (c − a ) 2 ] = 0
2 2 α +2 1 1
2 0 α −1 0 = 0 ⇒ (α − 1 ) 2 (α + 2 ) = 0
∴ a+b+c=0
0 0 α −1
or (a − b ) 2 + (b − c ) 2 + (c − a ) 2 = 0
∴ α = 1, − 2
Case I If a + b + c = 0
From first two equations, For α = 1, clearly there an infinitely many solutions and when
we put α = −2 in given system of equations and adding them
ax + by − (a + b )z = 0 together LHS ≠ RHS. i.e., no solution.
bx − (a + b ) y + ax = 0
111. Qa1, a 2, a 3,... are in GP.
[by cross-multiplication law]
∴ Using an = a1 r n −1, we get the given determinant, as
x y z
∴ = = log(a1r n −1 ) log(a1r n ) log(a1r n + 1 )
ab − (a + b ) 2 − b (a + b ) − a 2 − a (a + b ) − b 2 n+ 2
log(a1r ) log(a1r n + 3 ) log(a1r n + 4 )
x y z
⇒ = = log(a1r n + 5 ) log(a1r n + 6 ) log(a1r n + 7 )
− (a + ab + b ) − (a + ab + b ) − (a + ab + b 2 )
2 2 2 2 2

∴ x :y :z =1:1:1 Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1 and C 3 → C 3 − C1 and

Case II If (a − b ) + (b − c ) + (c − a ) 2 = 0
2 2
 m
using log m − log n = log   , we get
It is possible only, when n
a − b = 0, b − c = 0 and c − a = 0 log(a1r n −1 ) log r 2 log r
Then, a =b =c
log(a1r n + 2 ) log r 2 log r = 0
In this case all the three equations reduce in the forms
x+y +z =0 …(i) log(a1r n + 5 ) log r 2 log r
Then, Eq. (i) will be satisfied, if [QC 2 and C 3 are proportional]
x = k, y = k ω, z = k ω 2 112. Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, then
or x = k , y = k ω 2, z = k ω 1 1 1
where ω is the cube root of unity. D= 0 x 0 = xy
Then, x : y : z = 1 : ω : ω 2 or 1 : ω 2 : ω 0 0 y
1 −2 3
Hence, combined both cases, we get
113. Q D = −1 1 −2 = 0
x :y :z =1:1:1
1 −3 4
or 1 : ω : ω2
−1 −2 3
or 1 : ω2 : ω and D1 = k 1 − 2 = (3 − k ) = 0, if k = 3
109. Applying C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3, then 1 −3 4
1 (1 + b ) x (1 + c ) x
2 2 1 −1 3
f ( x ) = 1 1 + b 2x (1 + c 2 ) x [Q a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 = 0 ] D2 = − 1 k − 2 = (k − 3 ) = 0, if k = 3
1 (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c 2x 1 −3 4
 −1 −2 3 ⇒1( −3 + k ) + k( − k + 3k ) + 1(k − 9 ) ≠ 0
D3 = k 1 − 2 = (k = 3 ) = 0, if k = 3 ⇒ 2k 2 + 2k − 12 ≠ 0
1 −3 4 ⇒ k2 + k −6 ≠ 0
∴ System of equations has no solution for k ≠ 3. ⇒ (k + 3 )(k − 2 ) ≠ 0
114. The system of equations ⇒ k ≠ 2, − 3
or k ∈ R − {2, − 3 }
x − cy − bz = 0, − cx + y − az = 0 and − bx − ay + z = 0
have non-trivial solution, if k +1 8
119. ∆ = = (k + 1 )(k + 3 ) − 8k = k 2 − 4k + 3
1 −c −b k k =3
−c 1 −a = 0 ∴ ∆ = (k − 1 )(k − 3 )
−b −a 1 4k 8
∆1 = = 4k 2 + 12k − 24k + 8 = 4k 2 − 12k + 8
⇒ 1 + 2 ( − a )( − b )( − c ) − a 2 − b 2 − c 2 = 0 3k − 1 k + 3

or a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2abc = 1 ∆1 = 4(k − 1 )(k − 2 )

a a + 1 a −1 a + 1 b + 1 c −1 k +1 4k
and ∆ 2 = = (k + 1 )(3k − 1 ) − 4k 2 = −k 2 + 2k + 1
115. − b b + 1 b − 1 + ( −1) a − 1 b − 1 c + 1 = 0
n k 3k − 1
c c −1 c + 1 a −b c ∴ ∆ 2 = −(k − 1 ) 2

a a + 1 a −1 a + 1 a −1 a As given no solutions
⇒ − b b + 1 b − 1 + ( −1 )n b + 1 b − 1 −b = 0 ⇒ ∆1 and ∆ 2 ≠ 0
but ∆=0
c c −1 c + 1 c −1 c + 1 c
k =3
[by property] 3 1 + f (1 ) 1 + f (2 )
a a + 1 a −1 a a + 1 a −1 120. Q 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3)
⇒ − b b + 1 b − 1 + ( −1 )n + 2 − b b + 1 b − 1 = 0 1 + f (2 ) 1 + f (3 ) 1 + f ( 4 )
c c −1 c + 1 c c −1 c + 1
1+1+1 1+α +β 1 + α 2 + β2
116. Applying R1 → R1 + R3, then = 1+α +β 1 + α 2 + β2 1 + α 3 + β3
θ L 0 L 2 1 + α 2 + β2 1 + α 3 + β3 1 + α 4 + β4
M 2
1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1
f (θ ) = − tan θ 1 tan θ
= 1 α β × 1 α β = 1 α β
M
1 α 2 β2 1 α2 β2 1 α 2 β2
−1 − tan θ 1
= {(1 − α )(1 − β )(α − β )} 2
= 2 (1 + tan θ ) = 2 sec θ ≥ 2
2 2
= (1 − α ) 2(1 − β ) 2(α − β ) 2
∴f (θ ) ∈ [2, ∞ )
So, k = 1.
117. Non-zero solution means non-trivial solution.
121. The given system can be written as
For non-trivial solution of the given system of linear equations
4 k 2 (2 − λ ) x1 − 2 x 2 + x 3 = 0
k 4 1 =0 2 x1 − (3 + λ ) x 2 + 2 x 3 = 0
2 2 1 − x1 + 2 x 2 − λx 3 = 0
⇒ 4( 4 − 2 ) − k(k − 2 ) + (2k − 8 ) = 0 For non-trivial solutions, ∆ = 0
⇒ − k 2 + 6k − 8 = 0 2−λ −2 1
⇒ k − 6k + 8 = 0
2
2 −(3 + λ ) 2 =0
⇒ (k − 2 )(k − 4 ) = 0
−1 2 −λ
∴ k = 2, 4
Clearly, there exist values of k. ⇒ (2 −λ )(λ 2 + 3λ − 4 ) + 2( −2λ + 2 ) + 1( 4 − 3 −λ ) = 0
1 −k 1 ⇒ λ3 + λ2 − 5 λ + 3 = 0
118. For trivial solution k 3 −k ≠ 0 ⇒ λ = 1, 1, − 3
3 1 −1 Hence, λ has two values.
122. Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, then ⇒ x3 =
5
or x 3 = −1
(1 + α)2 (1 + 2α ) 2 (1 + 3α)2 6
1/ 3
2α + 3 4α + 3 6α + 3 = − 648 α  5
∴ x=  , −1
 6
4α + 8 8α + 8 12α + 8
i.e. Two distinct values of x.
Applying R3 → R3 − 2 R2 , then
a 2
(1 + α)2 (1 + 2α ) 2 (1 + 3α)2 125. ∆= = −2a − 6,
3 −2
2α + 3 4α + 3 6α + 3 = − 648 α
λ 2
2 2 2 ∆1= = − 2( λ + µ )
µ −2
1
Applying C 2 → C 2 − (C1 + C 3 ) , then a λ
2 or ∆2 = = αµ − 3 λ
3 µ
(1 + α) 2 ...
−α 2 ...
(1 + 3α)2
M System has unique solution for ∆ ≠ 0
2α + 3 4α + 3 6α + 3 = − 648 α
M ∴ a ≠ −3 for all values λ and µ
2 0 2 System has infinitely many solution for
⇒ α 2( 4α + 6 − 12α − 6 ) = −648α ∆ = ∆1 = ∆ 2 = 0
∴ a = −3, λ + µ = 0, aµ − 3 λ = 0
⇒ − 8α 3 = −648α
and system has no solution
⇒ α 3 − 81α = 0 ∆ = 0 ⇒ a = −3
∴ α = 0, 9, − 9 and λ +µ ≠ 0
123. For non-trivial solution 1 1 1
 1 λ −1 126. Q ∆ = 1 a 1 = 1 (a − b) − 1(1 − a ) + 1(b − a 2 ) = − (a − 1) 2
λ −1 −1 = 0  
  a b 1 
 1 1 − λ 
1 1 1
⇒ 1( λ + 1 ) − λ ( − λ2 + 1 ) − 1( λ + 1 ) = 0 ∆1 = 1 a 1  = 1(a − b ) − 1(1 ) + 1(b ) = (a − 1 )
 
⇒ λ(λ2 −1) = 0 0 b 1 
⇒ λ = 0, ±1 1 1 1
1 1 ∆ 2 = 1 1 1  = 1 (1 ) − 1(1 − a ) + 1( 0 − a ) = 0
3
1+ x
   
124. x 3 2 4 1 + 8 x 3  = 10 a 0 1 
3 9 1 + 27 x 3  1 1 1
 
1 1 1  1 1 1  and ∆ 3 = 1 a 1  = 1 ( −b ) − 1( −a ) + 1(b − a 2 ) = − a(a − 1 )
 
⇒ x 3 2 4 1  + x 6 2 4 8  = 10 a b 0 
   
3 9 1  3 9 27  For a = 1, ∆ = ∆1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0
Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1 and C 3 → C 3 − C1, then and for b = 1 only
x +y +z =1
1 0 0 1 0 0 
x +y +z =1
x 3 2 2 − 1  + x 6 2 2 6  = 10
    x +y +z = 0
3 6 − 2  3 6 24 
i.e. no solution (Q RHS are not equal)
⇒ 2 x 3 + 12 x 6 = 10 or 6 x 6 + x 3 − 5 = 0 Hence, for no solution b = 1 only.
or (6 x 3 − 5 )( x 3 + 1 ) = 0