ANSWER NO 1 :-

Leadership is a process of influencing other to accomplish an objective and directing

the organization in a way that makes the operations more productive and coherent. A
leader should carry out the process of leadership by applying leadership attributes like
knowledge, working skills, values, ethics, nature. A team can accomplish its any
objective or task for the organization if its lead by proper supervision and value ethics
and team leader experience and the leader isn’t adamant to his words and is flexible.

Leadership is one process ahead from management as management includes planning

organizing staffing directing and controlling and all this is managed by a manager or a
management team that is supervised under a leader.
An Individual leader behavior is also responsible for achieving goal or a task,
basically it mainly depends on how the leader supervises the work and how he
behaves with the team members, does he has an ability to lead a team with his
experience. Individual behavior not only affects the personal life but also the
professional life. A person with negative attitude cant lead his team due to negative
perception and his team members would hesitate to work with him due to his
negative approach towards the work, that could lead to conflicts and failure in the
completing the task. A positive leader would work flexibly with its team members
would assist them with his working experience and will focus on achievement of their
tasks.
Ajay is a very adamant leader and he wants to work on his own terms without
considering any ones perspective. Ajay wants amar to stay beyond the office hours
and he would scold him for minor mistake in front everyone. Ajay doesn’t possess a
very positive attitude towards his team members and thus this could never help him to
achieve the tasks, because he lacks in handling the task with his team, he sticks on his
words and doesn’t take any ones opinion, he possess lack of forgiveness as he scolds
amar for the minor mistakes and it is also not logical to make some one work beyond
the working hours when he has completed his work. Ajay is not broad minded as he
lacks accepting things and isn’t rational
The Pitfalls shown by Ajay are :-
 Lack of Broad mindedness :- Ajay fails to understand that without the team
work the management cant be successful, he isn’t accepting and is not so open
minded because he makes all the decisions on his own and is very adamant
doesn’t listen to his team members and this shows his leadership qualities, the
 team would hesitate to work under this type of leadership and poor mode of
communication.

 Lack of forgiveness :- Ajay fails to forgive its employ for minor mistakes and
scolds him in front of everyone he possess lacks of forgiveness, to run a
organization or a task a good and an experienced leader has to forgive some
minor mistakes of its employees so that the work isn’t hindered and its goes ut
smoothly. Every mortal can commit mistakes even ajay himself must have
commited mistakes but it doesn’t mean that no one can be forgiven. A leader
has to have a strong mindset to work logically and professionally with its
employees to achieve any operation. Unhealthy, unproductive conflicts effects
the operations and also wastes time of the operations.

 Lack of Adaptability :- Ajay lacks adaptability as he is adamant to his

statements a rigid leader can never cooperate with its team and there would
always be conflicts between the leader and the staff, this reduces the operation
work as there is lack of communication, inflexibility, poor coordination with
the team members

 Ethics :- Individual behavior is also an important aspect in an organisation

organization. If the leader is cheerful, polite, intellectual, capable then he can
lead his team and can successfully fulfil the task, on the other hand if the
leader is not cooperative and is rigid then operations would not function
smoothly. Unethical behavior by a leader leads to disturbance in the functions
of the organization

 Lack of trust :- Trust provides everything, without trust no organization can

run, a bond of trust among the team members with the leader is very crucial so
as to run the organisation. A individual working with honesty and trust can
boost the productivity of the organisation and it will build a source of strength
among the organisation

 Strategy:- A leader who isn’t strategic cant succeed, without a proper future
plan no oragnisation can function and develop. A smart leader would work on
progressive strategy and plans to reach upto there goals and would take in
interest their team member points to develop, a poor leader would lack in these
things and work on his terms without considering his team points that could
delay or stop the process of development.

 Working Environment :- In an negative type of environment no employee

would be interested to work in such type of situation. Working under a
positive environment with a positive and a cheerful leader would attract
 everyone to work hard with full interest, staff members would be able to
interact with their leader more and in a better working atmosphere team and
achieve better.

Hence a positive, attentive, ethical, experienced leader can lead a successful team and can
cover all the operations on time, Ajay should learn from the above points as he lack
experience and leadership qualities, he should be positive should have forgiveness, should
motivate and strategize his team work and should consider his team members points also.
Answer 2.

Motivation is the process that accounts for an individual intensity, direction and persistence
of efforts towards the attainment of a goal. It is a process to inspire people to work,
individually or in groups in such a way to produce best results. It is a process an effort to
motivate someone so that it raises his interest towards the organizational goals, and can also
satisfy individual needs
Motivation is a very important task in an organization, it has to be injected in every
organisation because motivation allows the subordinates to do those things which they hope
will satisy their drives and induce the subordinates to act in a desired manner.
Motivation acts as a catalyst to determine the intensity of willingness and the level of efforts
a person puts for the achievement of organizational objectives, motivation is used to
encourage subordinates, to develop and train, to obtain feedback, to provide a reward
Motivation allows the motivated employees to become more productive for the organization,
as an employee gets older, interesting work becomes more of a motivator to encourage them.
Motivation is a physiological process.
Reinforcement theory of motivation also known as contingency theory. Reinforcement theory
depends on law of effect that is behaviors with positive consequences are repeated and
behaviors with negative consequence tend not to be repeated, reward is more effective than
punishment and feedback is necessary for improvement. Reinforcement theory is an
important theory to understand people behavior, it is often applied in an organization setting
in the context of a behavioral modification program. Rewards should be given without delay
and rewards should be given for successive approximations of desired behavior. The most
important principle of reinforcement theory is reinforcement that is of generally two types :
Positive reinforcement and Negative reinforcement.

Positive reinforcement: - It is the result when an individual shows positive response and it
effects in strengthening the probability of positive behavior to be repeated. The special
behaviour consequence is called a reinforce. If a salesperson drops down an extra effort to
meet his sales target and completes it he will get praised by his seniors and this would
probably lead to an positive reinforcement and he would repeat this thing again in future by
pushing himself with some extra efforts.
Negative reinforcement :- it is the result when an undesirable behavior consequence is
removed with the effect of strengthening the probability of behaviour to be repeated again in
the future.

Punishment is a commonly used reinforcement theory strategy mainly used when positive
and negative reinforcement cant be used or have been previously failed because of negative
side effects of punishments. Punishment can demotivate an employee who doesn’t meet the
performance goals or due to undesirable behaviour.

Extinction is same as punishment it is a purpose to reduce unwanted behavior. The process of

extinction begins when a valued behavioral consequence is withheld in order to decrease the
probability that a behavior will be continued. Extinction is the absence of any type of
reinforcement. Extinction may alternatively serve to reduce a wanted behavior such as when
a positive reinforce is no longer offered when a desirable behavior occurs eg if an employee
is continually praised for the promptness in which he completes his work for several months,
but he wasn’t praised in subsequent months for such behavior his desirable behavior may
diminish. Thus to avoid unwanted extinction managers may have to continue to offer positive
behavioral consequences.

Sameer is working great as a team leader, he does have all the qualities of positive leadership
his team members are also performing well and Sameer is using the reinforcement method for
awarding his employees Sameer awards gifts vouchers or sends an appreciation mail to its
employees. This method motivates the employee to work hard put more efforts to receive
valued appreciation from their team leader. Sameer is also using the method of motivation to
encourage his employees good behaviour by handling the situations and boosting them to
work hard again and again for the organization and also rewards them to encourage his team
members reinforcement theory are used to motivate their employees and to reward them with
positive behavior and to neglect negative behavior.
Answer 3. Part A
Content/Motivation theory is very important as it helps understanding what drives a human
towards work or a particular task. It is really important in business because motivation theory
helps understanding a human physiology how he can be motivated, a motivated human is
more productive and resourceful for the organization. Content theory helps understanding
goals of an individual. Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Herzberg two-factor theory, Alderfer
erg theory, Mcclelland needs theory are some theories that helps in understanding human
needs and choices over the time.
Renita Parker wanted to get associated in teaching line and she wanted to train the shop floor
employees because they could only write their names. Renita gained interest in teaching
because of sense of job satisfaction was more in the teaching line for her, there was a sense of
personal growth, more responsibility and she was more motivated then from the previous job.
Renita was interested in working with the lower levels at a reduced salary because she got
motivated by the period of time and had contentment of doing so, maslow’s need hierarcy
theory justifies Renita physiological need and esteem needs as she was determined to work
and teach the lower level and take the sense of responsibility as Renita was quite unhappy
working the top executives despite of higher income despite high salary because of less
interest in work less affection and the desire to teach and support shop floor employees so
that they can stand on their feet and learn English.
Herzberg two factor theory also relies in this same situation:- Intrinsic factors :- are the sense
of desire to grow, increase in job satisfaction of employees and sense of responsibility and
Extrinsic factors :- is a sense of dissatisfaction among the employees due to the rules and
regulations and supervision

Answer. Part B
Renita wanted to be associated with teaching and training the shop floor employees because
she found her interest and desire in this work, Renita considered this as a better option to
work for because she wanted to help and train the shop floor employees. Renita was
motivated by this work, she had goals in her mind to become more persistent and more
responsible. Renita had clarity in her mind that she wanted to teach and help the employees
to become more productive and improve themselves. Renita was consistent in her work and
she also agreed to work under reduced salary and help benefiting others, she was ready to
take challenges to teach and motivate her students and help them become self confident and
improve their performance with there ranks.
Renita knew that this teaching path would allow her to train and motivate many people to
work hard she gained this passion of supporting others when she found this profession as her
passion. Renita teaching would help many people to understand their importance in life and
would her teaching would her the employees to fully optimize their potential. Renita teaching
would help the employees to think practically and would help them getting clarity, can work
at higher commitments and improve their performance levels.
Renita was satisfied with her work and performance she became more responsible and more
productive and she found teaching as an appropriate profession because she could help so
many employee to work hard and develop their skills regardless her reduced salary she was
fully determined and was passionate to work and train others because this made her feel
justified, committed and a sense of achievement. She choose teaching as her career because
she felt motivated regardless the higher salary she used to get earlier and was compassionate
to teach and train the shop floor employees