A.

Senior Business Analyst Interview

Questions 4). What are the important elements of an activity
diagram?
For the professionals who are looking forward to
attending the BA interview recently at the These are activities, initial nodes, control flows,
intermediate level with 2-3 years of experience, decisions, a fork, guard conditions, joins, or end
here are some of the most popular interview nodes, etc.
questions and answers that will surely help you in
the right way. Over here, we have included the 5). Explain the meaning of project management?
top frequently asked questions with answers to
help the intermediates in the field. Project management is the procedure of planning,
establishing, inspiring, and governing resources,
1). Explain the key roles and responsibilities of a events, and procedures to attain a definite goal. It
business analyst? is used to establish technical and everyday
glitches. The chief task of project management is
Some of the important assistance anticipated to attain all the project areas. These are period,
from any Business Analyst are: excellence, opportunity, budget, etc.

Client Facility skills 6). Explain what is the meaning of a

Planned thinking method requirement?
Upright communication skills
Cooperating with other staffs A requirement is a capability influenced by a
Logical skills solution to resolve a trick or attain an objective.
Management skills Necessities are a contribution to numerous stages
Client-Oriented of SDLC and must be correctly documented and
Capability to Drive Changes authenticated by occupational users/investors.

2). What is a flowchart? 7). What is PaaS?

Flowchart displays the comprehensive flow of PaaS is one of the categories of cloud computing
system through signs and diagrams. It is that provides a platform and environment to let
important since it makes the system simple to the developers build apps and services over the
recognize for developers and all concerned internet. PaaS services are hosted in the cloud
individuals. and are accessed by users simply through their
web browsers.
3). Explain the meaning of an activity diagram.
8). What is SaaS?
An activity diagram is an easy and instinctive
type of a flow chart which permits experts to Software as a service (SaaS) is a software
present a strong and simple graphical workflow distribution model in which a third-party provider
of a professional use case. The goal of an activity hosts applications and makes them accessible to
figure is to display numerous events taking place customers over the Internet.
in an association in diverse sections.
9). What is IaaS? useful for its end users. The System’s usability is
respectable if it is accomplished of attaining
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a form of users’ goals.
cloud computing that provides for virtualized
computing resources over the internet itself. 14). Name the tools that are used for business
analysis?
10). What is CaaS?
The common tools used by a BA are Rational
Communications as a Service (CaaS) is an tools, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word,
outsourced scheme interactions solution that can PowerPoint, MS Project, ERP systems.
be leased from a single vendor over the web.
15). What is meant by Benchmarking?
11). Explain the significance of a flow chart?
The entire process of measuring the quality of
A flow chart is a means that delivers a graphical policies, programs, products, rules and many
picture of a process. This diagram will make an other measures of a company against the standard
organization simple to comprehend for measures set for those attributes or against the
everybody that is intricate with the scheme that is other similar companies is termed as
happening. If you have a huge and multifaceted benchmarking in BA.
development with many units, information, data
sources, data end and procedures involved, a data 16). What are the documents that are used by a
flow chart is one of the most real ways of making BA in a Project?
logic of all that statistics. The flowchart typically
apprehends itself with the flow of information As a Business Analyst, various documents used
through the organization. It is commonly used in by a BA in a project include Functional
Structured Systems Examination and Design. Specification document, Technical Specification
document, Business requirement document, Use
12). How do you describe Personas? case diagram, Requirement Traceability Matrix,
etc.
Personas are used in its place of real users that
support developers and the methodological team 17). What is a Use Case?
to justice the user behavior in different situations,
more undoubtedly. Personas are fundamentally A use case is the diagrammatic representation of
social roles, achieved by any actor or character. It the system that describes how a user is connected
is the result of a Latin word meaning character. In with the system to achieve a particular goal. It is
the advertising language, it signifies a group of an integrated part of the software engineering that
clienteles/end users. defines the targeted features and resolution of
errors that may be encountered by a user.
13). Explain the meaning of Application
Usability? 18). What are the skills needed by BA for getting
hired?
Application usability is the excellence of the
organization that makes the organization more Fundamental skills
 Technical skills relating job roles, occupational procedures, and
Business Analysis skills administrative functions.

19). What are the fundamental skills For Business Analysts, UML is able to signify
requirements for a BA? necessities with use cases, class plan, and state
drawings. For Business Analysts, the significant
Fundamental Skills part of considering UML is in thoughtful the
drawing tools and when and in what way to use
Problem Solving them greatest.
Communication
Management skills 23). What is SRS (System Requirement
Research Specifications)?

20). What are the technical skills requirements An SRS is a document or a set of documents that
for a BA? explains the features of a system or a software
application. It includes a set of elements with
Technical Skills intended facilities required by customers or
stakeholders to satisfy end-users. Additionally,
MS Office SRS gives high-level abstraction of a system and
Operating Systems its behavior.
Programming Languages
Knowledge of Databases 24). What are the key elements of an SRS
SDLC Knowledge document?
Domain knowledge
The key elements of an SRS document can be
21). What are the business analysis skills given as:
requirements for a BA?
Read: Importance of Ab Initio Metadata Hub
Requirement Elicitation in the Life of Business Analyst
Decision making
Analytical skills Function Requirements
Creativity Non-functional requirements
Documentation Scope of work
Data Model
22). What is UML modelling? Dependencies
Assumptions, Constraints
UML is a Unified Modelling Language. UML is Acceptance Criteria etc.
normal that the business practices for envisaging,
recording, and building numerous components of 25). What is a scope creep?
a system. It is a modelling standard cast-off
mainly for software development, but can also be The scope creep or requirements creep means
used for additional theoretical models such as uncontrolled changes in the project’s scope
within the same schedule or budget. It is an
example of poor project management that leads evaluating meaningful insights from the same.
to project failure later. Four major types of business analytics process
are – Descriptive analytics, prescriptive analytics,
B. Technical Business Analyst Interview decisive analytics, and predictive analytics, etc.
Questions You may use BI or big data techniques for
business analytics process.
26). What are the causes of scope creep?
29). What do you mean by the process design?
The possible causes of scope creep within a
project scope can be given as: It helps businesses to analyze challenges and to
find effective solutions for the same. Process
No healthy communication among different design workflows are designed to get the best
stakeholders. possible outcome in the shortest period.
The project requirements are not documented
as well as expected. 30). From a business analyst perspective, how are
requirements and need are different?
27). How to avoid the scope creep?
Needs are defining the future needs of the
Here are the few ways how to avoid the scope business while requirements represent the current
creep issues: needs of a business.

Project requirements should be communicated 31). What is a requirement elicitation technique?

clearly.
Proper change management should be Requirement elicitation is the process of
followed. requirements gathering from stakeholders, users,
Proper intimation should be sent before customers by conducting sessions, meetings,
making the final changes. interviews, questionnaires, or brainstorming
Proper documentation of new requirements in prototyping, etc.
the project log.
You should know how to add extra features 32). What are the non-functional requirements of
without disturbing the current functionalities. a project?

28). How to compare business analytics and Non-functional requirements represent the
business analysis? performance-level characteristics of a project like
how fast it can behave, how smooth is the user
Business Analysis: It is a process that identifies interface, the security level of the application.
business needs and suggests solutions to tough
business problems by utilizing powerful business 33). How to capture the non-functional
analysis tools like PESTEL, SWOT, FIVE, requirements?
WHY, etc.
No-functional requirements are captured in the
Business Analytics: It is used to gather and SRS document of a project.
analyze data collected from different sources and
34). Name the documents that are used to capture BPMN stands for business process model and
non-functional requirements? notation that shows the graphical representation
of business processes.
These documents are SDD (Software Design
Document) and FRD (Functional Requirement 40). What are the basic elements of BPMN?
Document) etc. that are used to capture non-
functional requirements. These are flow objects, data, connecting objects,
swim lanes, artifacts, etc.
35). For a use case diagram, how will you define
the alternate flow? Business Analyst Interview Question for
Advanced Workforce
It is an alternate solution or activity to follow in
case of the system failure. These questions are suitable for experienced BAs
having more than three years of experience in this
36). How is exceptional flow different from the domain and looking for a job change for their
alternate flow? career advancements.

Alternate flow is an alternate solution or activity 41). Explain briefly the role of a BA in a group?
to follow in case of the system failure other than
the main flow. It is also named as the optional A business analyst is a connection amid diverse
flow. At the same time, exceptional flow is the stakeholders in a group. He turns as a bridge, a
path traversed in case of any exception or error. connector, and benefits the complete project
teamwork as a firmly integrated unit. Since
37). Should a business analyst get involved in investors belong to diverse domains (e.g.,
testing? economics, occupational, marketing), it’s very
significant for a business analyst to be talented to
Yes, a business analyst should get involved in sort and bring in parallel the requirements of
testing because he is familiar with the overall these investors while satisfying the business
requirements and challenges associated with an purposes at the same time.
application or software project. Also, he can be
instrumental in managing error during the testing 42). How to measure the quality of a requirement
phase and resolve any system query. as a business analyst?

38). What is the meaning of INVEST in business We can use the SMART rule to measure the
analytics? quality of a requirement as a business analyst.
Here, SMART stands for Specific, Measurable,
It is Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Attainable, Relevant, timely, etc.
Estimable, Sized Appropriately, Testable, etc.
The INVEST rule guides project managers and Specific: Requirements should be specific with
technical teams to deliver projects on time. proper documentation.
Measurable: Check the different parameters to
39). What is BPMN in Software Engineering? measure the success criteria of a requirement.
 Attainable: Requirements should be possible to Pareto analysis is also named as the 80/20 rule,
achieve within the scope of given project and it is a suitable decision-making technique for
resources. defects resolutions and quality control. As per
Relevancy: Requirements must be aligned this rule, 20 percent causes create 80 percent
within given business use cases. defects in a system.
Timely: Requirements should be
communicated early in the project lifecycle. 46). Explain the meaning of GAP Analysis, and
what is its position?
43). Explain the use case model?
GAP examination is the procedure of associating
The use case model comprises of 2 chief the present state and the planned state of any
elements: occupational and its functionalities. It comes
beneath the Enterprise Examination, which is an
Use case diagram – It is a graphical depiction information part of a Business Analyst. It benefits
that specifics which actors can function which in defining what steps essential to be taken to
use cases. meet the planned state necessities for the
Use case description – It is a thorough written occupational.
step by step performance of communications and
dialogue amid the actor and the system. In simple language, it can be well-defined as a
gap amid two questions – ‘Wherever we are?’
44). Differentiate between Risk and Issue? and ‘Wherever we need to be?’

Risk is somewhat which you can estimate and 47). What are the different types of gap
can grip by expressing mitigation tactics whereas encountered by a business analyst during the gap
a Risk which occurred is known as Issue. Once analysis process?
the matter has happened, it is solved by
eventuality management or Issue management. These are the performance gap, product gap,
Usually, issues are not resolved, but you can get profits gap, workforce gap, etc.
an example from there for additional projects.
Performance Gap: This is the difference
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performance.
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targeted and actual profits of a Company.
Buy Self-learning at Discounted Price Manpower Gap: This is the difference between
the required number of workforce and an actual
45). How will you define Pareto Analysis as a number of employees available in an
business analyst? organization.
48). As a business analyst, how will you assure business objectives. A few methods that can be
that all requirements are gathered properly? used for evaluating options are given as Risk
analysis, Impact analysis, cost-benefit analysis,
It is possible to conclude whether all etc.
requirements are gathered well or not in the Define the Scope: The project scope is defined
following scenarios: based on the business requirements. A scope
definition document is used for detailing goals
Read: What is the Average Business Analyst for different phases of a project.
Aalary in Canada? Project requirements definition: Project
requirements are divided into two broad
If it is validated or approved by the business categories – Functional and Non-Functional.
users. Based on different methodologies, BA should
If requirements appropriately align with clear the requirements first with stakeholders and
project business requirements. sign off the same.
If requirements can be implemented well with SDCL implementation support: During the
available resources. project implementation, a business analyst gets
If all business stakeholders align perfectly with involved in different teams. He makes sure that
elicited requirements. requirements are implemented well against tough
business scenarios. They also focus on changes
49). How to perform the requirement gathering that arise from stakeholders at later point of time.
process in software engineering? Check value-addition by the project: This is
the continuous process checking whether a
The major steps involved in the requirements project implementation meets the business
gathering process are: objectives or not.

Collect the background information: It 50). What are the steps to follow when designing
includes the background information related to a use case?
the project, risks associated with the project, and
other important details. Different techniques like Here are the basic steps to follow when designing
PESTLE analysis, Poster’s five forces a use case:
framework, etc. can be used for this purpose.
Identify the Stakeholders: They are Identify users and define categories for each of
contributing an important role in decision-making the users.
and responsible for setting requirements Create a user profile for different user
priorities. Stakeholders may be anyone like end- categories relevant to the system.
users, senior managers, competitors, etc. Identify and define the essential goals
Focus on business objectives: it is all about associated with each role.
understanding project requirements in detail Create a use case template for every goal
before going deep. It may include techniques like associated with users.
SWOT analysis, benchmarking, SMART rule, Structure, review, and validate use cases.
etc.
Find Options: Here, you should work on Junior Business Analyst Interview Questions
options that can help you in accomplishing
51). What is BRD? 55). How will you define the requirement
prioritization?
A BRD or business requirements document is a
formal contract between an organization and Requirement Prioritization is the process for
customers for a product. allocating resources based on business urgency to
multiple sources like costs, schedules, etc.
52). How is BRD different from SRS documents?
56). What are the popular techniques for
BRD: requirement prioritization?

BRD defines the high-level abstraction of Here are the following techniques that can be
software. used for the requirement prioritization.
It is a formal document that explains the
project requirements given by the client, either MoSCoW Technique
written or verbal. Requirements Ranking Method
BA creates it after their interaction with clients 100-dollar method
or stakeholders. Kano Analysis & More
It is written based on project requirements and Five Whys
client interactions.
57). What is the Kano Analysis?
SRS:
Kano analysis is the process used to analyze
It is a high-level functional and technical system requirements and its impact on customer
specifications of the software. satisfaction.
It focuses on both functional and non-
functional requirements. 58). What are the role and responsibilities of a
It is created by system architects mostly. business analyst during project implementation?
It is derived from the BRS.
A business analyst is extremely important for the
53). What is RUP Methodology? implementation of a project. Here are a few roles
and responsibilities to be followed by every
RUP or Rational Unified Process is a product business analyst.
improvement technique with numerous devices
and tools. It guarantees successful project During project implementation, many technical
management in the end and top-notch software queries can come from stakeholders, and business
production too. analysts play a vital role here by resolving those
queries.
54). What is RAD Methodology? The next involves gap analysis,
documentation, project requirements, reviews, or
RAD or Rapid Application Development is an preparing the requirements specification
incremental method where project modules are document.
developed in parallel as independent products. During the testing and development team, a
business analyst plays a vital role by resolving
requirements related queries from the project If project requirements are simple and easy to
team. Also, he may check either project understand, a business analyst should focus on
requirements are implemented well and tested in waterfall model instead of the scrum.
functional and non-functional scenarios.
In a waterfall model, new requirements or 62). What are the key phases of business
modifications can be asked from stakeholders for development?
change management. A business analyst is a
person who can manage these changes with The four key phases of business development:
proper validation and analysis. Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing.

59). How to define Agile Manifesto? 63). How can you define a Kanban tool in
business analysis?
Agile Manifesto is a software guide that explains
about the agile development principles and It is a tool that helps agile teams to guide and
ensures iterative product solutions. manage work visually as it is progressing through
processes. Besides, it is a scheduling system in
60). Mention the essential qualities of an Agile agile just-in-time production to describe the
Business analyst. current development status.

An agile should be able to perform the following 64). Mention a few important agile metrics to
activities: consider by business analysts?

A Business analyst is expected to work in Velocity

collaboration with the product owner based on The sprint burndown matric
elicited requirements. He is also able to develop The priority of the work
real functional requirements. Work category allocation
A Business analyst should perform The cumulative flow diagrams
requirements elicitation in an iterative manner. Defect removal awareness
A Business analyst should design requirement Business value delivered
specifications, business models, data designs in Time coverage
the best possible way. Defect resolution time
A Business analyst should be technically sound
to understand the working of different 65). What is the meaning of increment in
components of a system. He must understand the business analysis?
agile terminologies as he acts as a middleman
between the project team and customers. Increment refers to the sum of all product
A Business analyst should focus on backlog items completed within a sprint. The new
requirements and test-criteria to deliver a project increment value includes the increment of
timely. previous sprints too.

61). Why should a business analyst focus on 66). Mention popular agile methodologies for
waterfall model instead of the Scrum model? project management.
 Scrum Risk mitigation reduces the probability of risk
Lean Software Programming occurrence. Risk avoidance eliminates risks by
Feature-driven development working on causes.
DSDM (dynamic software development
method) Business Analyst Job Interview Questions and
Crystal methodology Answers

67). How to compare iterative and incremental 71). Who is a BA as per your understanding?
development?
A business analyst or BA acts as a bridge
Iterative software development happens without between an organization and stakeholders. He
any interruptions. While incremental software connects with stakeholders to clarify or finalize
development follows the product design, requirements, helps the project team in project
implementation, and testing incrementally until planning, designing or validating components,
the product is finished. etc. A business analyst should have the adequate
domain knowledge to deal with stakeholders who
68). How to compare scrum and extreme belong to different domains.
programming?
72). What are the possible types of actors to use
Scrum and extreme programming both are based with use case diagrams?
on iteration known as sprints. However, sprinting
may last from two weeks to months based on the These could be primary actors or secondary
project schedule. Extreme programming is more actors. Primary actors start the process, and
flexible than scrum as it does not allow changes secondary actors assist the primary actors.
during iterations. Further, they are categorized into four major
types:
69). How should a business analyst perform risk
management for your project? Human, System, Timer, and Hardware.

A risk is an uncertain event that may cause an 73). Why should a business analyst get involved
impact on the revenues and profits of the in the implementation of requirements?
business. With risk management techniques, we
can manage, identify, and control risks for a The two major tasks of a business analyst are –
business. Delivering analytical business solutions and
gaining the relevant domain knowledge. During
70). How to compare risk mitigation and risk the actual implementation of requirements, a
avoidance? business analyst helps in resolving business
strategies and finding tough business solutions in
Risk mitigation is all about what to do when different scenarios.
risks occur. Risk avoidance is all about what to
do for avoiding to risks. 74). What are the challenges that can be faced by
a business analyst during project
implementation?
From initial to post-implementation of a project, 78). What is the difference between a Data
business analysts may have to face the following Analyst and a Business Analyst?
problems:
A data analyst has more problem-solving
Employees related issues skills, while a business analyst has decision-
Technology-related problems making skills.
Access related A data analyst generally plays an operational
Business policies related issues role, and business analyst plays a strategic role in
Business model errors an organization.
A data analyst should know statistics, SQL,
75). How can you define a requirement elicitation data mining, etc., while a business analyst should
strategy? be familiar with BI, analytics, data warehouse,
etc.
Requirement elicitation is the process of
requirements gathering from stakeholders, users, 79). What are the core competencies of a
customers by conducting sessions, meetings, business analyst?
interviews, questionnaires, or brainstorming
prototyping, etc. These are:

Read: Understand The Background Of Negotiation skills

Business Analysis Documentation Now Decision-making skills
Analytical thinking
Business Analyst Behavioral Interview Business domain knowledge
Questions Industry-relevant skills
Business process management
76). How can you define the business model Problem-solving skills
analysis? Technical soft skills

It is a technique to analyze whether a business is 80). How to define the feasibility study?
viable or valuable regarding social or economic
perspectives. It designs the foundation for a The feasibility study is all about identifying the
required business model change and innovation success rate of a proposed idea for a business
for an organization. problem. It helps in identifying new opportunities
and focus more on a project.
77). What are the skills requirements to solve a
business problem by business analysts? Business Analyst Training & Certification

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81). What are the different phases of an IT from the same.
project?
85). What are the various components of strategic
The different phases of an IT project can be given analysis?
as:
The various components of strategic analysis can
Project Initiation be given as:
Project Planning
Project Execution Vision
Project Monitoring and control Mission
Project Closure Objectives
Strategies
82). What are the roles and responsibilities of a Action plan
project manager?
86). How to define business modeling in business
A project manager is responsible for making analysis?
decisions, controlling risks, and delivering the
project on the stipulated time frame. The role and Defining a step-by-step process for operating a
responsibilities of a project manager can be given business is named as the business modeling that
as: includes mission, vision, and strategies to achieve
those goals.
Defining scope
Resource planning 87). List different types of software engineering
Cost and budget estimation processes.
Risk analysis
Quality control Deploying in the business environment
Gathering of requirements
83). What do you mean by the critical path Analyzing
analysis? Designing
Implementing
A project involves a set of activities from start to Testing
end; a critical path is defined as a set of activities
that involve the longest in a whole project. It can 88). What do you mean by project deliverables?
be taken as the key element in reducing the
overall project delivery timelines and costs. These are the set of measurable goods or services
delivered to end customers on project
84). What is CATWOE in business analysis? completion. It can be taken as the project
outcome too.
CATWOE means Customers, Actors,
Transformation process, Worldview, Owners, 89). What are the key components of the
and Environmental Constraints. It is a tool that requirements work plan?
 93). What are the initial steps involved in project
Requirements Work Plan development?

Project description The initial steps involved in project development

Key issues can be given as:
Deliverables
Goals and objectives Market Analysis
Strategy SWOT Analysis
Resources Personas
Budget, time Competitor analysis
Identify Strategic vision
90). What is the objective of designing a
requirement traceability matrix? 94). Can you name two diagrams that are
frequently used by a business analyst?
RTM is used to record all requirements by a
client. So, it makes sure that all business These are use case diagrams and Collaboration
requirements are met properly. diagrams.

91). Why is business process modeling 95). What are the exceptions?
significantly?
These are unexpected errors encountered when
Business process modeling is significant due to you run an application.
the following reasons:
96). What are extends?
It is used to define a clear understanding of
business processes. Extends are relationships that are shown by the
It offers consistency and control over project dotted lines. They usually refer to optional
processes. behavior, having no independent meaning.
It is used to identify errors and system
bottlenecks. 97). What steps are required to convert an idea to
It defines a perfect start and end for the a product?
business processes.
You have to perform market analysis, SWOT
92). What is the objective of using UML in analysis, gap analysis, persons, competitor
business analysis? analysis, and other similar strategies for
converting an idea into working product.
UML or unified modeling language in business
analysis is needed for the following reasons: 98). What is a user-centric design methodology?

To define the system behavior. It completely depends on end-users and is

To detect the errors. designed based on their requirements. Personas
To propose design plans to stakeholders. are considered extremely helpful for designing a
user-centric methodology.
99). Which to choose for project development, 100). Do you have any idea of the Pugh matrix?
Waterfall, or Spiral models?
Pugh matrix is generally used for evaluating
Well, it depends on project nature. If alternate or optional solutions. It is a part of the
requirements are simple then you can choose the Six Sigma technique.
waterfall in this situation otherwise you can opt
for the Spiral model.