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Document

Uploaded by

areejshah79
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Topic #01

Human Rights Violation

1. Introduction
2. Basic Human Rights
i. Individual Liberty
ii. Freedom of speech
iii. Right to Education
iv. Religious Freedom
v. Political Rights
vi. Right to Privacy
vii. Right to Economic Provision
3. Forms of Human Rights Violations
i. Restrictions on Freedom of speech
ii. Excessive restrictions on Protests
iii. Violence against Religious Minorities
iv. Discrimination
• based on gender, religion or ethnicity
• LGBT community
v. Violence
• Physical violence
• Gender Based Violence (GBV)
• Women rap
vi. Denial of Humanitarian aid
• Blocking access to food, water, health services and shelter
i.e. Israel-Palestine
i.e. Russia-Ukraine

4. Types of Human Rights Violations

i. Civil and Political Rights Violation

• Arbitrary Arrests and Detention: Unlawful arrest, detention, or imprisonment.

• Torture and Cruel Treatment: Inflicting physical or mental pain, or using cruel,
inhuman, or degrading treatment.

• Forced Disappearances: Abduction or detention by state agents, followed by


denial of the person’s whereabouts.
• Freedom of Speech and Expression Restrictions: Limiting or suppressing the right to
express opinions, ideas, or information.

• Freedom of Assembly and Association Restrictions*: Restricting or prohibiting the right to


peaceful assembly, association, or protest.

ii. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights Violations

• Forced Labor and Human Trafficking: Exploiting individuals through forced labor, slavery,
or human trafficking.

• Denial of Education and Healthcare: Failing to provide access to essential services like
education and healthcare.

• Discrimination and Inequality: Denying equal rights, opportunities, or treatment based on


factors like race, gender, religion, or social status.

• Forced Evictions and Housing Rights Violations: Illegally evicting individuals or


communities from their homes or lands.

• Environmental Degradation and Resource Exploitation: Failing to protect the


environment, or exploiting natural resources without regard for human rights or
sustainability.

iii. Women’s Rights Violations

• Gender-Based Violence: Physical, emotional, or psychological violence against women,


including domestic violence, rape, and sexual harassment.

• Reproductive Rights Restrictions: Limiting or denying access to reproductive healthcare,


including family planning, abortion, and maternal healthcare.

• Discrimination and Inequality: Denying women equal rights, opportunities, or treatment


in areas like education, employment, and politics.

iv. Children’s Rights Violations


• Child Labor and Exploitation: Forcing children to work in hazardous or exploitative
conditions.

• Child Abuse and Neglect: Physically, emotionally, or psychologically abusing or


neglecting children.

• Denial of Education and Healthcare: Failing to provide children with access to essential
services like education and healthcare.

v. Minority and Indigenous Rights Violations

• Discrimination and Inequality: Denying minority or indigenous groups equal rights,


opportunities, or treatment.

• Cultural Suppression and Erasure: Suppressing or erasing the cultural identities,


languages, or traditions of minority or indigenous groups.

• Land Rights Violations: Illegally taking or exploiting the lands, territories, or resources of
minority or indigenous groups.

4. In Pakistan, Human Rights Violations include:


i. Religious Intolerance
ii. Discrimination against Religious and Ethnic Minorities
iii. Gender Based Violence
iv. Child Labor
4.1 Status of Human Rights in Pakistan
• 37 out of 100
• An estimated 5,000 women are killed per year as a result of domestic violence

5. Global Context
i. Wide spread violations
ii. Countries with Ongoing Conflict
• Indian Occupied Kashmir
• Some Other Muslim States
i.e. Palestine, Syria, Yemen

6. Causes of Human Rights Violations


i. Inadequate electoral law
ii. Political instability and Governance issues
iii. Socio-economic Disparities
iv. Cultural and Religious Dynamics
7. Public Reviews why these Violations occur
• Reasons of Occurrence
a. due to illiteracy: 30%
b. tolerance level: 20%
c. other causes: 40%
d. Personal reasons: 10%

8. Impacts of Human Rights Violations


i. Physical and Mental health consequences
ii. Weakening National Unity and Social cohesion
iii. Damage the Reputation of Country
iv. Effects on Society
a. Hinder growth and development
b. Difficult place to live
c. Social unrest
d. Religious tolerance ends
9. Accountability and Justice
• Accountability: process of holding people and public officials responsible for their
actions and imposing sanctions if they violate the law
• Justice: it is being responsible for the community and society
• Transitional Justice: it is a process that aims to end impunity for past crimes
i.e. Genocide
Crimes against Humanity
War crimes
• UN role in protecting Human Rights
° UN Peace-keeping Missions
i. Cambodia Mission: 1991-1993
ii. Somalia Mission: 1992-1995
iii. UN Mission in Sudan: 2005-2011

10. Key Legislative Measures and their Interpretations


i. Blasphemy Laws
• sections 295-B and 295-C
ii. Anti-terrorism Legislation
• Anti-Terrorism Act
iii. Recent Legislative Developments
• Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Act 2021
• Domestic Violence (prevention and protection) Act 2012
• Parent Protection Act
• The Lawyer Welfare and Protection Act 2023
11. How can Violation be stopped?
i. Police role
ii. Public awareness through campaigns and Media
iii. Haqoq-ul-Ibad
iv. Education
v. Strengthening Legal Protections
12. Conclusion

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