9/10/2024

Digital Butterworth Filter Design

using BLT Method
@
Sardar Patel Institute of
Technology, Andheri, Mumbai

Dr. Kiran TALELE

Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans’

Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Andheri(w) Mumbai

Dr. Kiran TALELE

Teacher . Instructor . Guide . Mentor . Coach
@ Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans’ Sardar Patel Institute of
Technology Andheri(w) Mumbai

• Associate Professor, Electronics Engineering Department (1997)

• Dean, Students, Alumni & External Relations (2022)

@ Sardar Patel Technology Business Incubator(SP-TBI),

Funded by Department of Science & Technology(DST),
Govt. of India

• Co-ordinator (2015)

@ IEEE Bombay Section

• Treasurer (2020)
• Executive Committee Member (2015)

Digital IIR filter Design using

Bilinear Transformation (BLT)
Method

Kiran.Tulshiram.Vasumati.Talele
 9987030881 [email protected]

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• DIGITAL Butterworth Filter Design using BLT

Given  Ap As wp ws Fs 2  wp 
p  tan  

Step-1 T  2 
Design
Ap As p s 2  ws 
s  2 tan w 
Analog s  T tan 2s 
Butterworth Filter Order N T  2 
Filter H(s)
Normalized LPF
De-normalized H(s)
Step-2
Design
Digital H ( z )  H ( s ) s  2 ( z 1)
Butterworth T ( z 1)
Filter H(z) H(z)

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 4

• DIGITAL Butterworth LPF/HPF Design using IIM

Given Ap As wp ws and Fs

Step-1 : Design Analog Butterworth Filter

(1) Calculate p and s

2  wp  2 w 
p  tan   s  tan s 
T  T  2 
 2 
(2) Calculate Filter Order N
𝟏𝟎𝑨𝒔/𝟏𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝑨𝒔/𝟏𝟎 −𝟏
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒍𝒐𝒈
𝟏𝟎𝑨𝒑/𝟏𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝑨𝒑/𝟏𝟎 −𝟏
N≥ 𝛀𝒔 N≥ 𝛀𝒑
LPF 𝒍𝒐𝒈 HPF
𝒍𝒐𝒈
𝛀𝒑 𝛀𝒔

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Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 55

(3) Calculate Normalized LPF Transfer Function

Method-1 to find Normalized H(s) for LPF:

LPF Order = N c = 1 rad/sec

(i) ZEROS : No ZEROS
(ii) POLES : To find POLES
 N 1 2 k 
j  
Sk  c e  2N 
For k = 0, 1, 2, . . . . .N

(iii) To find Normalized H(s)

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 6

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Method-2 to find Normalized H(s) for LPF:

1
H (s) 
a0  a1 S 1  ........  ..a N S N

where a0 = aN == 1

  ( k  1)  
 cos  
ak    2N  a
  k   k 1
 sin   
  2N  

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 77

(4) Calculate Denormalized LPF/HPF Transfer Function

De-nomalized LPF De-nomalized HPF

H HPF (s)  H LPF (s) S   c

S

Where Analog Cutoff Frequency c is given by,

p
c 
 10 
1
Ap / 10
1 2N

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 8

Step-2 : Design Digital Butterworth Filter

•By BLT Transformation,

H ( z)  H (s)
2 ( z 1)
s
T ( z 1)

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 9

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Example-1 :
Design a Digital Butterworth filter to meet the
following specifications :
(i) Ap = 0.90 dB
(ii) As = 13.97 dB
(iii) Wp = 0.6  rad
(iv) Ws = 0.2  rad

Plot Magnitude Spectrum.

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 10

Example-2:
(a) Design a digital Butterworth filter that satisfies the
following constraint using bilinear transformation.
Assume T = 1s.

0.9  | H(ejw) |  1 for 0  w ≤ 2

3
| H (ejw) |  0.2 for  w  .
4

(b) Draw Realization Diagram of the filter designed in part (a).

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 11

Example-3 :
Design 4th Order Discrete Time Low Pass
Butterworth Filter for processing of voice
signal with Cutoff frequency wc = 0.2  rad.

Specifications are:
Wp = 0.6  rad Ws = 0.2  rad

Draw Realization Diagram

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 12

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Example-4 : Digital Butterworth is

required to meet the following
specifications

• Pass band ripple  1 dB

• Stop band attenuation  40 dB
• Pass band edge = 4 KHz
• Stop band edge = 6 KHz
• Sampling rate = 24 KHz

Find the filter order and cutoff frequency

if BLT technique is used for filter design

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 13

Example-5 : Design a first order High Pass

DT Butterworth filter whose cutoff
frequency is 1 kHz at the sampling rate of
104 sample/sec.
Solution :
Given Order N = 1 HPF Butterworth filter
Cutoff frequency = 1 KHz
Sampling rate = 104 Hz.

Digital Cut-off frequency : C  2  f C

wc  2 [0.1]  0.2  rad

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 14

Example-6 : Convert the analog filter with system

function
s  0 .1
H (s) 
( s  0.1) 2  16
into a digital IIR filter by means of a
bilinear transformation.
The digital filter is to resonate at
frequency wr = /2

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 15

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Example-7 Design and realize a Low Pass

Filter using the Bilinear Transformation
Method to satisfy the following
characteristics.
(i) Monotonic Stop Band and Pass Band.
(ii) –3dB cutoff frequency of 0.5
(iii) Stop Band Attenuation of 15 dB at 0.75

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 16

Example-8 : We want to design a Discrete Time Low

Pass Butterworth Filter for processing voice signal.

Specifications are:
Passband Fp = 2.5 kHz, with 1.85 dB ripple;
Stopband FS = 4.0 kHz, with 42 dB attenuation;
Sampling Frequency F = 10 kHz.

Determine
(a) Discrete time Passband (Wp) and Stopband freq. (WS),
(b) Digital Butterworth Filter Order (N)

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 17

Dr. Kiran TALELE

 Academic : PhD
 Professional :
 Dean-Students, Alumni & External Relations
@ Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans’ Sardar Patel
Institute of Technology (SP-IT), Mumbai
 Co-ordinator @ Sardar Patel Technology
Business Incubator (SP-TBI), Mumbai
 Treasurer-IEEE Bombay Section

091-9987030881 www.talelesir.com [email protected]

https://www.linkedin.com/in/k-t-v-talele/
www.facebook.com/Kiran-Talele-1711929555720263

Stay Connected
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• Dr. Kiran TALELE is an Associate Professor in Electronics &

Telecommunication Engineering Department of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans’
Sardar Patel Institute of Technology, Mumbai with 33+ years experience in
Academics.
• He is a Dean of Students, Alumni and External Relations at Sardar Patel
Institute of Technology, Andheri Mumbai. He is also a Co-ordinator of Sardar
Patel Technology Business Incubator, Mumbai.
• His area of research is Digital Signal & Image Processing, Computer Vision,
Machine Learning and Multimedia System Design.
• He has published 85+ research papers at various national & international
refereed conferences and journals. He has published 22 patents at Indian
Patent Office. One patent is granted in 2021.
• He is a Treasurer of IEEE Bombay Section and Mentor for Startup Incubation &
Intellectual Asset Creation.

• He received incentives for excellent performance in academics

and research from Management of S.P.I.T. in 2008-09. He is a recipient of
P.R. Bapat IEEE Bombay Section Outstanding Volunteer Award 2019.