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Stem 12 Lesson 5 Work and Energy

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8 views

Stem 12 Lesson 5 Work and Energy

Uploaded by

haremmc25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Stem 12 – General Physics 1

Lesson 5 Work and Energy

Introduction

• Work and energy are two fundamental concepts in physics that are closely related.

• Work is the transfer of energy from one object to another through the application of a force.

• Energy is the capacity to do work.

Work

• Definition: The product of the force applied to an object and the distance through which
the object moves in the direction of the force.

• Formula:
o W = Fd cos θ
▪ W: work
▪ F: force
▪ d: displacement
▪ θ: angle between the force and the displacement vector
• Units: Joule (J)
Types of Work

• Positive work: When the force and displacement are in the same direction, the work done
is positive.

• Negative work: When the force and displacement are in opposite directions, the work done
is negative.

• Zero work: When the force and displacement are perpendicular to each other, the work
done is zero.

Kinetic Energy

• Definition: The energy of motion.

• Formula:

o KE = (1/2)mv²
▪ KE: kinetic energy
▪ m: mass
▪ v: velocity
• Units: Joule (J)

Potential Energy

• Definition: The stored energy of an object due to its position or configuration.

• Types:
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o Gravitational potential energy: PE = mgh


▪ m: mass
▪ g: acceleration due to gravity
▪ h: height
o Elastic potential energy: PE = (1/2)kx²
▪ k: spring constant
▪ x: displacement from equilibrium position
• Units: Joule (J)

Conservation of Energy

• Statement: The total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

• Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or
destroyed.

Work-Energy Theorem

• Statement: The work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

• Formula:

o W = ΔKE

Power

• Definition: The rate at which work is done.

• Formula:

o P=W/t

▪ P: power
▪ W: work
▪ t: time
• Units: Watt (W)

Examples

• A person lifting a weight does work on the weight.

• A car accelerating from rest gains kinetic energy.

• A spring stretched from its equilibrium position stores potential energy.

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