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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
45 views28 pagesStructure of Atom
Class 9
Uploaded by
Deepa moghaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 28
STRUCTURE OF
THE ATOM
b oieeea
Is divisible and consists of subatomic particles
‘According to this mode! ; , . Eee
{0 Anatom consists ofa cemee ‘According to this mode!
postvely charge sphere Futherord stated that
() Theres positively charged
cent in an atom called
ruceus. Neat allot the
‘mass ofan atom resides in
the nucleus. * Discovered by J.J. Thomson.
> Discovered by E Gokisiei: * Discovered by J, Chadwick.
Stree in Re nesOr Of *+ Present in the nucleus of + Present towards the exterior
ee atoms except in hydrogen. of atom,
** Massis 1 unit and charge is Ehret thiend caace * Mass is negligible and
6s is0. charge is ~1
—
eS Ey
+ Number of protons + Sum of the number of
present in the protons and neutrons. “= Suggested by Bohr and Bury.
nucleus of an atom. (collectively called © Rules followed:
* Z= Number of nucleons) present in the — Maximum number of electrons present
protons in an atom jucleus of atom. * ina shellis given by the formula 2n®
= Number of * Mass number (A) where ‘is the orbit number.
electrons ina = Number of protons (p) + = Maximum number of electrons that can
neutral atom. Number of neutrons (n). _ be accommodated in the outermost
orbit is 8.
~~ Shells are filled in a step-wise manner. MORE POINTS TO REMEMBER
<1 Bohr’s Model of the Atom: rbits are called stationary
© The energies of permissible orbits are fixed and therefore these o1
states or energy level or shells. it i t to the nucleus
y K orbit is neares
© Energy levels or shells are designated by K, L, M, N, etc. feed OLN AT he Cn
and therefore it is the first orbit (n = 1); L is the secon
(N= Ddjand so on. es from one orbit to
© Energy is emitted or absorbed by an atom only when an electron mov
another.
Energy absorbed
Increase
in energy
Nucleus
Designation of energy levels (or orbits) Energy emitted
Decrease
in energy
Electrons energy change
1 In the notation for an atom, the atomic number, mass number and symbol of the element are
written as:
Atomic mass
Atomic number % ——> Symbol of element
11 Isotopes: Atoms of the same element having same ato
example, '3C and '!C; 3c and I7Cl, ete, 3
11 Isobars: The atoms of different elements hi
For example, 43Ca and ete
mic number but different mass number. For
faving different atomic numbers but same mass numbers.
(a) 3, 8,1
(©) 1,8,3 +
ow
In the Thomson’s model of atoms,
2
. Which of the following statements are correct?
{i The mass of the atoms
‘sumed to be uniformly distributed over the atom.
sumed to be uniformly distributed over the atoms.
formly distributed in the positively charged sphere.
(i) The electrons attract each other to stabilise the atom.
{@) @ and Gi)
(a The positive charg.
(iii) The electrons are
(b) Gi), (ny and (Hit)
(a) (, (ii) and (ie)
@ and ()
. When alpha-particles are sent through a thin metal foil, most of them go straight through the
foil because
(@ alpha-particles are positively charged.
(®) alpha-particles are much smaller than electrons.
(alpha-particles move with low velocity:
(@ most part of the atom is empty.
. The diagram given below represent an atom of
(a) chlorine () sulphur
(aluminium (@) phosphorus
Identify the Mg?* ion from the following figures where, n and p represent the number of
neutrons and protons respectively. si
(
(a) 7. Which of the following statements about Rutherford’s model of atoms are correct?
(i) Considered the nucleus as positively charged.
(ii) Established that the a-particles are four times as heavy as a hydrogen atom.
(iii) Can be compared to solar system.
(iv) Was in agreement with Thomson's model.
(a) (and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iti)
(© @ and (iv) (d) only (i)
8. Rutherford’s a-particle scattering experiment showed that
(i electrons have negative charge
(ii) the mass and positive charge of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus
(iii) neutron exists in the nucleus
(iv) most of the space in atom is empty
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) (i) and (iii) () (ii) and (iv)
(©) @) and (iv) (@) (iii) and (iv)
9. An atom with 3 protons and 4 neutrons will have a valency of
(@)3 7
1 wd
10. The ion of an atom has 2 negative charges. Mass number of the atom is 16 and the number of
neutrons are 8. What is the number of electrons in the ion?
(a)6 (b)7
(8 (d) 10
11. The number of electrons in an element X is 15 and the number of neutrons is 16. Which of the
following is the correct representation of the element?
(a) 3X (6) 5X
Ong (a) tex
12. Anode rays are produced when
(a) Cathode is perforated (b) anode is perforated
(©) when low voltage is passed (d) when pressure is high
13. Which of the following statement is always correct?
(@ Anatom has equal number of electrons and protons.
(b) An atom has equal number of electrons and neutrons.
(¢) Anatom has equal number of protons and neutrons.
(@) Anatom has equal number of electrons, protons and neutrons.
14. The first model of an atom was given by
(a) N. Bohr (b) E. Goldstein
(© Rutherford (@) J.J Thomson
15. Which of the following in figures given below do not represent Bohr’s model of an atom correctly?
® « ii @
76 Xam idea Science-X (a) (i) and ()
(hb) Gi) and (a
(0) i) and (iv) Gi)-and (i)
d (d) 6) and i)
The relative atomi
mic masses of many elements are not whole numbers because
(a) of the presence of impurit
16.
.. (b) they cannot be determined accurately.
(©) of the existence of isotopes. hay Bear BSE
- Atomic models have been improved over the years. Arrange the following atomic models in the
order of their chronological order,
Rutherford’s atomic model
(ii) Thomson's atomic model
(iii) Bohr’s atomic model
(a) (i), (i) and (iti) (b) Gi), (ii) and (i)
(c) (ii), (i) and (iii) (d) (iii), (ii) and (i)
18. In a sample of ethyl acetate, the two oxygen atoms have the same number of electrons but
different number of neutrons. Which of the following is the correct reason for it?
(a) One of the oxygen atoms has gained electrons.
(b) One of the oxygen atoms has gained two neutrons.
(c) The two oxygen atoms are isotopes.
(d) The two oxygen atoms are isobar
19. In Rutherfod’s Gold foil experiment most of rays returns back to its path showing that
(a) most of the atom is hollow (}) atoms have dense nucleus at the centre
(¢) atom is spherical (d) atom is neutral
| 20. The valency of Al with atomic number 13 is
| (a) 2 3
4 @t
Answers ne
. 6. (d) 7. (a) . (b)
1.6) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a)
9. a 10. (d) IL. (a) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (0) 16. (0)
17.) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (b)
Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two statements 5 Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(@) Both A and Rare true and R CLEC a
(by) Both A and Rare true but Ris not the correct explanation i
(© Ais true but Ris false. PH) ave isotopes:
4 Assertion (AY: Poti ({E) ane deuterivm (14)
Reason (R) 1 Isotopes ave same mnss UINDETS: ut atom is 2.
5. Assertion (A): The mumber of electrons in the valence s
Reason (R) : The valency of helium is 2
Answers
Lb) 2 @ 3.) 40 5.)
Flin the Blanks _ ja CCT
iate word(s) in the blank space(s).
Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s) in the blank sp
‘ and respectively.
1. Credit for the discovery of electrons and protons goes to__-__ and _
2 ave present in the nucleus of all atoms, except__-
ian riven by formula The
3. The maximum number of electrons in any shell is given by for boitseassia Sirrey
electrons.
outermost shell cannot accommodate more than _____eleet
4 _____ of an element is equal to either the mumber of valence electrons or
ee __ minus the number of valence electrons.
5. Radioisotopes Co-60 and I-13 L are used for the treatment of and
respectively
Answers
1. J.J. Thomson, Goldstein 2, neutrons, hydrogen 3. 2n2 eight 4. Valency, 8
5. Cancer, goitre
True/False
Read each of the following statements and write if it is true or false.
1. The re
2 According to Boht’s atomic model the electrons do not radiate energy
the same energy level,
ve charge of electron is 1.
as long as they revolve in
3. Elements are defined by the number of protons they possess.
4, Radioactive lodine (1-131 isotope) is used for making tincture of iodin
e,
5. J.J. Thomson proposed that an atom consists ofa peri ‘
1 Sof a positively charg :
embedded in it. : Y changed sphere
and the electrons are
Answers
Match the names of the scientists
of the atomic structure as given [ODay [Gi Conceptofmuceus
NG didie eed a) | (i) Discovery ofelectrons oad
ee (¥) Atomic number
( EGoldstein
[@ Mosley
Answers
(a) (iti) (b) (iv)
Dwi) Ow
Very Short Answer Questions
Each of the following
QL
Ans.
(OEE
Ans.
Q3.
Q6.
questions are of 1 mark and have to be answered in one word or one sentence.
Which subatomic particle is absent in an ordinary hydrogen atom?
Neutron.
J. Chadwick discovered a subatomic particle which has no charge and has mass nearly equal
to that of a proton. Name the particle and give its location in the atom.
‘The particle is neutron and it is present in the nucleus of the atom.
Is it possible for the atom of an element to have one electron, one proton and no neutron? If
so, name the element. INCERT Exemplar]
Yes, it is true for hydrogen atom which is represented as |H.
Electron attributes negative charge, protons attribute positive charge. An atom has both but
why there is no charge? :
. The positive and negative charges of protons and electrons are equal in magnitude. So, atom as
a whole is electrically neutral,
Write the electronic configuration of an element whose atomic number is 12.
K, LM
oH. 2
What is the maximum number of electrons which can be accommodated in ‘N’ shell?
N shell can accommodate maximum 32 electrons.
‘Write the correct representation of an element ‘X’,
‘The correct representation of the element X
What will be the valency of an atom if it
‘The valency of the atom will be one, 3 an
i st shell. If it acqui
Q. 12. Inthe atom of an element X, 6 electrons are present in the outermost shell, If it acquires noble
gas configuration by accepting requisite number of electrons, then what would be the cha;
INCERT Exemplay
on the ion so formed? lary
Ans, = 2
Q.13. Which isotope of hydrogen is present in heavy water?
1) is found in heavy water,
‘Ans. Among the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (
Q.14. Chemical formula of a metal sulphate is MSO,- What will be the formula of its chloride?
Ans. MCI; ae
Q.15. Valency of an element X is 3. Write the chemical formula of its oxide
Ans. X,O, ets
Q.16. Will Sci and “CI have different valencies? Justify your answer. INCERT Exemplar]
Ans. No, “Cl and *’Cl are isotopes of an element.
Q.17. Theatomic number of calcium and argon are 20 and 18 respectively, but the mass number of both
these elements is 40. What is the name given to such a pair of elements? [NCERT Exemplar}
Ans. Isobars
Short Answer Questions
Each of the following questions are of 3 marks and have to be answered in about 50 words.
Q. 1. How do you know that nucleus is very small as compared to the size of atom?
Ans. Rutherford observed that when a-particles were bombarded on a very thin foil a small portion
of it bounced back. And the number of a-particles bouncing back got doubled when he doubled
the thickness of gold foil. Then he concluded that the area of nucleus is very small in comparison
to the total area of the atom.
Q.2. The atomic number of Al and Cl are 13 and 17, respectively. What will be the number of
electrons in Al* and CI?
Ans. Atomic number of Al =Number of electrons = 13
Number of electrons in Al** = 13-3 = 10
Atomic number of chlorin
Number of electrons in Cl
jumber of electrons = 17
7+1=18
Q. 3. Write down the electron distribution of chlorine at :
shell? (Atomic number of chlorine is 17), ee Neco - ‘nr
.. The electronic distribution of Clis 2, 8,7. The L. Sea
shell has eight electrons,
valence shell but its valency is not 2, Explain.
’ INCERT Exemplar]
(%) [NCERT Exempla) Ans.
Ans,
Q8.
(a) Helium atom has 2
valency is zero,
) @)o
Identify the Nat
reason,
electrons in its valence shell and its duplet is complete, Hence, the
‘ OnE
fon from the following figures. What is the valency of sodium atom? Give
@ )} (C@¥} ((@)} (f(@)}}
Nee y
@ (ii) (iii) (iv)
Figure number (ii) is correct bee sodium ion (Na*) is formed when one electron is lost.
Na = —— Nat + le>
BRD @8)
The valeney of sodium atom is one bec able (octet) electronic configuration is obtained
after loss of one electron.
. An element ‘X’ has a valency 3(+):
(a) Write the formula of its phosphide.
(b) Write the formula of its carbonate.
(a) XP (b) Xz (COs)y
. An element ‘Z’ forms the following compound when it reacts with hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen
and phosphorous.
ZHy, ZCly, Z,0, and ZP
(a) What is the valency of element ‘Z’?
(6) Element ‘Z’ is metal or non-metal?
(a) The valency of 7" is 3.
(b) Element“
List any three distinguii
and Ernest Rutherford.
electropositive and is reacting with non-metals.
jing features between the models of an atom proposed by J.J- Thomson,
1. Positive change forms t kernel.
2, Electrons present throughout the aon,
3. No space is empty: oe
In the gold foil exper
of an atom, ~1.00%
u-particles were
deflect at angles Q. 10. Predict the valency of the following elements
(i) A (Atomic number 5) (ii) B (Atomic number 12)
(iii) G (Atomic number 14) (iv) D (Atomic number 17)
Ans. (i) Valeney of element ‘A’ = 3 (ii) Valency of element “Bi
Gil) Valeney of element ‘C= 4 (iv) Valency of element ‘D’ = 1
QL. An element ‘X’ contains 6 electrons in
(a) What is the atomic number of ‘X’?
() Identify whether *X’
’ shell as valence electrons:
is a metal or non-metal.
Ans.
contains 6 electrons in *M’ shell as valence electrons, then the electronic configuration,
of NisK =2,L=8,M=6
omic number = 16
(®) °X isa non-metal.
Q. 12. The atomic number of lithium is 3. Its mass number is 7.
(a) How many protons and neutrons are present in a lithium atom?
(6) Draw the diagram of a lithium atom.
(@) Number of neutrons = Mass number ~ atomic number
Number of neutrons
Ans.
Number of protons = atomic number
=. Number of protons = 3
(b) Structure of a lithium atom
Q. 13. Complete the table on the basis of information available in the symbols given below
[NCERT Exempla’
@ yc on the ion so formed? Write the formula of the compound which will be formed when ‘Z' reacts
with Na atom.
Ans. Number of electrons in the outermost shell = 5 i
Number of electrons required to make noble gas configuration = 8-5 = 3
The charge on the ion so formed =Z+3e°= 2"
The valency ofZ = 3
Chemical formula of the compound: ae
Eaca
NaZ
Q.15. SFRnis an isotope of noble gas, radon. How many protons, neutrons and electrons are there
in one atom of this radon isotope?
‘Ans. Atomic number of radon = 86
The number of protons = 86 .
The number of electrons = Number of protons
= 86
Number of neutrons = Atomic mass - Atomic number
22 — 86
= 136 |
Q.16. What information do you get from the figures about the atomic number, mass number and
valency of atoms X, Y and Z? Give your answer ina tabular form. [NCERT Exemplar]
/ A *
{ w
” ~ 2
(@) Copper (I) bromide
(©) Calcium (II) phosphate
(©) Mercury (I1) chloride
Ans. (a) CuBry °
(©) Cas(PO4)2
(e) HgCly
Q.18, Write the molecular !
following ions
Cut, Na*, Fe", Cl Ans.
20.
Ans.
Q.22.
Culy CuSO; Cay (PO)
jai Feg(SO,)g3 FePOy
|. Write the formula of the compounds formed by the following ions.
(a) Mg®* and S$ (6) Cu?* and OH”
Name the compounds formed in each case.
(a) Ions Mgt s*
Valencies 2 2
Compound: Mg,S. or MgS; Magnesium sulphide
(®) Tons cut OH
Valencies 2 1
Compound: Cu(OH)s; Copper (I) hydroxide.
Elements A, B, C, D and E have atomic numbers 4, 9, 13, 17 and 20 respectively.
(a) Write their electronic distribution.
(6) Determine their valency.
(a) The electronic distribution of elements A, B, C, D and E are given below:
K L M N
A(a) 2 2
B(9) 2 2
c(13) 2 8 3
D(17) 2 8 z
E (20) 2 8 8 2
(b) Valencies of the elements are A = 2; B= 1; C=3;D=1; E=2
. Give the formulae of the compounds formed from the following sets of elements:
(6) Hydrogen and sulphur
(@) Calcium and fluorine
(d@) Carbon and chlorine
() Nitrogen and hydrogen
(e) Sodium and oxygen (f) Carbon and oxygen [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) CaF () HAS (©) NHy
(d) CC, (&) Nao () CO, CO,
Give the chemical formulae for the following compounds and compute the ratio by mass of the
combining elements in each one of them.
(a) Ammonia
(€) Hydrogen chloride
(¢) Magnesium sulphide
(@) NH,
N:Hx3
M1 x3
(6) Carbon monoxide
(@ Aluminium fluoride
[NCERT Exemplar}
() CO © uel ee OO ———
tera ANSNEL QNESONS ES per er ETEE TE EEEILO
Zach of the following questions are of § marks and have to be answered in about 80 words.
Q.1. (i) State the method of determi:
(ii) Determine the valency of t
in parenthesis: Chlorine (
Ans. (i) The number of electrons
outermost shell),
ining the valency of an element if its atomic number is sven:
the following elements, the atomic numbers of which are given
117), Sulphur (16), Aluminium (13)
Gained, lost or shared to make the octet of electrons
Sives us directly the combining capacity of the element, that is, the valency:
the
(i) Elements Atomic no. Electronic configuration _Valency
Chlorine 17 28,7 sa
| Sulphur 16 28,6 ae
Aluminium 13 28, +8
Q.2 What is the gold foil experiment? Name the scientist who performed this experiment. Write
the conclusions and shortcomings of Rutherford’s model of atom.
Ans. In 1911, Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment. He bombarded a stream of a-particles
ona gold foil, a thin sheet which was 0.00006 cm thick in an evacuated chamber. An a-particle
isa positively charged helium ion (He?*). A simplified picture of this experiment is shown in the
figure.
co-particles
Passed straight
® 686
Large deflection
Turned ee
back
Passed straight
: nt, the following observations were made,
1 eee passed straight through the foil without any deflection. This concluded
y i inside of an atom is empty.
ae ee eivte deflected through small angle and few through larger angles. This
(ii) A few a-particl aA Fepulsion between positive charge on a-partices and core (nucleus) of the
happened de ty positively charged ‘core’ was named as nucleus
atom. The nea Particles which bounced back was very small. This concluded that the
(ii) The number of PR. very small in comparison to the total volume of the atom.
volume of the nu id foil experiment, Rutherford concluded that an atom consist of nucleus
On the basis of gol and it is surrounded with electrons which are moving around the
which so ro lecrons and protons are equal and the entire mass of the atom is
nucleus.
Concentrated at its nucleus.
‘Structure of the Atom 85 Drawbacks in the Rutherford’s model
sro-magnetic theory
such as an electron
Spiral pan
Nucleus
2 Eeectron
nation for this behaviour.
2) Rutherford did not specfy the number of orbits
jectrons in each ofbit.
Q.3. In what way is the Rtherford’s atomic model different from that of Thomson's atomic
model? (NCERT Exemplar)
herford proposed a mode! in which elecrons revelve around the nucleus in well-defined
erbizs. There isa positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus. He also proposed that
the ce of the nadeus is very small as compared to the siz of the atom and nearly all the mass of
‘an atom is centred in the nucteus. Whereas. Thomson proposed the model of an atom to be similar
toa chricimas pudding. The elecrons are studded like currants in a positively charged sphere like
chrisomas pudding and the mass ofthe atom was supposed to be uniformly distributed,
Q.4. Whatare the postulates of Bohr’s model of an atom? (NCERT Even
‘Ans. The postulates put forth by Neils Bobr's about the model of an atom
2) Only certain special orbits knowns discrete orbits of electro
(&) While revolving in discrete orbits the electrons do not radiate energy. These orbits are called
ssationary energy levels. Energy levels in an atom are shown by circles.
“These orbits are represented by the letters K, L, M,N, or the numbers = 1, 2.3.4,
Q.5. The ratio of the radii of hydrogen atom and its nucleus is ~10°. Assuming the atom and the
nucleus to be spherical, (?) what will be the ratio of their sizes? (ii) If atom is represented by
planet Earth ‘R,’ = 6.4 x 10° m. Estimate the sizeof the nucleus. (NCERT Exemplar]
‘Ans. (i) Volume of the sphere = 45°
Let R be the radius of the atom and r be that of the nucleus.
areallowed inside the atoms,
= R=10r
Volume ofthe atom = $2n° = S00°r) (Co R=10)
= de*x10"
Volume of the nudeus = ‘7
4
fi x08 xa
Ratio ofthe sizeof atom to that of nucleus = >
4
: : 3
(i If the atom ted 4
fom is presented by the planet Earth (R= G4 x 10Pm), then the radius of
‘
10°
64x10°m
sain = 64m
Te TOF 10m
86 x2m ides Science ‘odium ion and also
{CERT Exemplar]
in a sodium atom and a 6
Sodium ion
Sodium atom
Since the atomic number of sodium atom is 11, it has 11 electrons. A positively charged sodium
ton (Na) is formed by the removal of one electron from a sodium atom. So, a sodium ion has
I~ 1= 10 electrons in it. Thus, electron distribution of sodium ion will be 2, 8. The atomic
number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its atom. Since, sodium atom and
m ion contain the same number of protons, therefore, the atomic number of both is 11.
Q.7, The given figure depicts the atomic structure of an atom of an element ‘X’.
sodi
8p
ea
Write the following information about the element ‘X’.
(a) Atomic number of X’ (6) Atomic mass of ‘X?
(©) Valence electrons (@ Valency of ‘x?
(©) ‘X’ should be metal or non-metal.
Ans. (a) Atomic number = Number of protons = 8
(b) Atomic mass = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
=8+10=18u
(c) Valence electrons = 6
(d) Valency of x’ = 8-6 = 2
(¢) °X’ should be non-metal because there are six valence electrons hence it will take two more
electrons to complete its outermost shell.
HOTS [Higher Order Thinking Skills]
Q.1. One electron is present in the outermost shell of the atom of an element ‘2’,
(a) What will be the nature of this element?
(b) What will be the value of charge of the ion formed, if this electron is removed from
the outermost shell?
‘Ans. (a) Element ‘Z’ will be a metal because it has only one electron in the outermost shell, so it is
electropositive.
Structure of the Atom 87 Q2
Ans,
Q3.
Ans,
Q4.
Ans.
Qs.
Ans,
Qo,
Ans,
Qz7
Ans.
(b) After loss of one electron, '2! will acquire one positive char
Yael e Le
Composition of the nuclel of two atomic species 'X’ and 'Y! are given below;
YX
Protons = 8B
Neutrons 8 10
Give the mass number of 'X? and 'Y', What Is the relationship betwe
Atomic mass of element 'X’ = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
8+ R= Lou
Atomic mass of element 'Y’= Number of neutrons + Number of protons
1018-180
Relationship between X and Y: The atomie number of both the
atomiie masses are different, Hence,they are isotopes of each other,
the two specley?
elements
‘ume but thelr
Anatom 'M’ of an element reacts with oxygen to form M.
10s, Calculate the valency of the
element ‘M’,
‘Two atoms of element ‘M' combine with 3 atoms of oxygen.
lement'M'= 4
Number of oxygen atoms combining with one atom of
nn. 8
Therefore, the valency of clement 'M'= x
3
Why do helium, neon and argon have a zero valency? INCERT Exemplar]
Helium has two electrons in its ene Y shell, while argon and neon have Be
valence shells. As these have maximum, number of electron
have any tendency to combine with other clements. I
On the basis of the number. of protons, ne
tons in thelr
in their valence shells, they do not
they have a valency equal to zero,
len
trons and electrons in the samples given below,
'dentify () the cation b) the pair of isobars and (¢) the pair of isotopes,
Sample Protons | Neutrons | ectrons |
A Me Is 6
B 18 | 9 | 1B |
Eee ae 20) whl a
D | 7 | 7 "1
(@ ‘Nis cation, (H) Band Care isobats
(© Aand Care isotopes,
Explain why chlorine, whether as the
atomic mass of about 35.5,
Therelative
element or its compounds, always has relative
‘Atomic mass is the average mass of one of the atoms and has to take into account the
relative abundances of the various isotopes,
: Soy 3
Natural chlorine always contains about *x
