SECTION–A

Activity A1

Aim

To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power
source.

Apparatus and material

Apparatus:

No apparatus required in assembling a circuit.

Material:

Three bulbs (6 V, 1W) each, fuse of 0.6 A, main switch a power supply (battery . eliminator), three
(on/off) switches flexible connecting wire with red and black plastic covering, a fuse wire.

Supplementary:

Main electric board with a two-pin socket and main switch .

Theory

Electricity supplied to us for domestic purposes is 220 V A.C. and 50 Hz. The household Circuit, all
appliances are connected in “parallel” with mains. The switches are connected in series with each
appliance in live wire. 5 A switches are required for normal appliances like, bulbs, fluorescent tubes
fans etc. 15 A sockets and switches are required for heavy load appliances ‘ like, refrigerator, air
conditioner, geyser, hot plates etc. All appliances must have three wires called live, neutral and the
earth. Total power Consumption ‘P’ at a time

P = P 1 +P2 +P3

Where p1, p2, p3 are the powers drawn by appliances. To protect the appliances from damage
when unduly high currents are drawn fuse of little higher rating, 10 to 20% higher than the current
normally drawn by all appliances. For further safety, a suitable value MAINS FUSE like rating 32 A is
connected in series with supply source.

DIAGRAM
Procedure

1. Connect the bulbs B1, B2 and B3 in series with switches S1, S2 and S3 respectively and connect
each set of B-S in parallel with each other.

2. Connect main supply to a step-down transformer (battery eliminator) to get required voltage from
0 to 10 V (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 V).

3. Connect the mains fuse M.S. in series with the power supply (battery eliminator).

4. Connect an A.C. ammeter in series with the B-S set.

5. Connect one end of power supply to one end of B-S set.

6. Check the circuit one again to ensure that household circuit is complete.7. Gradually increase the
current to 0.75 A, the fuse must bum off at about 0.6 A.
 Activity- A2

Aim
To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

Apparatus and material

Apparatus: A voltmeter and an ammeter of appropriate range, a battery, a rheostat, one way key.
Material: An unknown resistance or resistance coil, connecting wires, a piece of sand paper.

Diagram

Procedure

Connect the components (Resistors, inductors etc.) in series with each other as shown in diagram
and then in series with the battery.

Connect the ammeter in series with the circuit, to measure the current.

Connect the voltmeter in parallel to the resistor, to measure the potential difference.

Connect the switch in series with the battery.

Assembly of the electrical components in electric circuit is complete.

Utility

It is used for measuring an unknown resistance.

PRECAUTIONS

1. The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the positive terminal of ammeter and
positive terminal of the voltmeter.

2. The ammeter should be connected in series with the resistor and the voltmeter should be
connected in parallel with the resistor.

3. Sand paper should be used to clean the ends of connecting wires.

 Activity- A3

AIM

To draw the diagram of given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key,
ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct
the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED

A given open circuit comprising at least a cell or a battery, plug Key, resistor, rheostat, ammeter,
voltmeter, connecting wires and sand paper.

PRINCIPLE

An electrical circuit is functional only if all the components of the circuit are connected in proper
order, assuming that all circuit components/devices are in working condition and key is closed.

An open circuit means a break in some part of a circuit which could be deliberate such as a key in
open position or a fault such as broken wire or burnt out component(s) or loose connection. Some of
such circuits are given in Figs. (a), (b), (c) and (d)

PROCEDURE

1. Draw the circuit diagrams in your notebook as given by your teacher [Fig. 1(a), (b), (c) and (d)].
2. Consider one circuit and mark in Table .1, the various components which have not been
connected in proper order.

3. Draw the correct circuit diagram.

4. Connect the electrical components according to corrected circuit diagram.

5. Close the key in the circuit to verify if the corrected circuit is functional.

OBSERVATIONS

RESULT

The electrical circuit assembled as per the corrected circuit diagram is functional.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Ends of the connecting wires should be cleaned with sand paper before making connections.

2. The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the positive terminal of the voltmeter
and positive terminal of the ammeter.

3. The ammeter should be connected in series with the resistor and the voltmeter should be
connected in parallel with it.
 SECTION–B

Activity -B1

AIM

To identify a diode, a LED, a transistor, an IC, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of
such items.

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED

Multimeter, a collection of diode, LED, transistor, IC, resistor and capacitor.

PRINCIPLE

A diode is a two terminal device. It conducts when forward biased and does not conduct when
reverse biased. It does not emit light while conducting.

A LED (light emitting diode) is also a two terminal device. It conducts when forward biased and does
not conduct when reverse biased. It emits light while conducting. A transistor is a three terminal
device. The terminals represent emitter(E), base (B) and collector (C).An IC (integrated circuit) is a
multi-terminal device in the form of a chip. But some may have only three terminals, e.g. 7805,
7806,7809, 7912.

A resistor is a two terminal device. It conducts equally in both directions.

A capacitor is a two terminal device. It does not conduct but stores some charge when dc voltage is
applied.

DIGRAM
OBSERVATIONS

RESULT

A diode, a LED, a transistor, an IC, a resistor and a capacitor are identified respectively from a mixed
collection.

PRECAUTION

While obtaining resistance of any component, clean its leads properly.

Activity –B2
Activity –B3