OBJECTIVETYPE

1. The least distance of Carrying 1mark

convergent lens of focal distinct vision is 25 cm. A
of maximum length 5 cm acts as a magnifier 10. The formula for the resolving limit of atelescope is :
magnifying
(a) less than 5 power (a)
d 1.22
(c) Ad (d)
1
(b) 5 d d
(C)6 (d) more than 6.
). The compoundmicroscope was invented by: L1. The aperture of the objective of a telescope is 0.1 metre
(a)Galileo and the wavelength of light is 6000 . Resolving limit
(c) Foucault (b)Römer will be nearly:
3. The focal length of the (d) Fizeau. (a) 6 x 10° radian (b) 6 x 10 radian
objective of a microscope is:
(a) larger than the focal (c) 7.32 x 103 radian ((d) 7.32x 10 °radian.
(b) smaller than the focallength of the eye-piece (/SC 2010, 04)
o equal to the focal length length of the eye-piece 12. When the space between the object and the objective
(d) None of the above.
of the eye-piece of a microscope is filled with water, then the resolving
4. When the length of a power :
magnifying power :
microscope tube is increased, its
ta) decreases (b) increases
(a)increases
(b) decreases
c) does not change (d) none of these. (c) remains unchanged
5. In an astronomical telescope of refracting type : (d) may increase or decrease.
(a) eye-piece has greater focal length 13. A telescope consisting of an objective of focal length
(6) objective has greater focal length 100 cm and a single convex lens eye-piece of focal
(C) objective and eye-piece both have greater focal
Jength 5 cm is focussed at distant object in such a way
length that parallel rays emerges from the eye-piece. If object
(d)eye-piece has greater aperture than the objective. subtends an angle of 2° at the objective, then the angular
6. The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope at width of the image will be :
normal adjustment is: V ak 0 fe
(a) fo fe (b) fe 1fo (a) 10° (b)52.5° (d)
(d)fo fe/f +fe).
. On increasing the focal length of the objective, the 14. A lens of large focal length and large aperture is best
magnifying power : suited as an objective of an astronomical telescope
since:
(a) of microscope will increase, of telescope will
decrease (a) a large aperture provide better resolution
(b)of both will increase (b) large focal length provides large angular
(Çlof both will decrease magnification.
(d) of microscope will decrease, of telescope will (c) a large area of the objective ensures better
increase. light
O The objective in a reflecting telescope is : gathering power
(a)concave mirror (b)convex mirror (d) all of the above.
(c) prism (d)convex lens. 15. In normal adjustment, for a
distance between objective and refracting telescope, the
The resolving power of atelescope depends upon : The focal length of the objective,eye-piece is 30 cm.
(a) focal length of objective22 when the angular
(b) focal length of eye-piece magnification of the telescope is 2, will be:
(c) length of the telescope (a) 30cm (b) 30 cm (c) 10cm (d) 15 cm.
Kd) aperture of the objective. (JEE Main 2022)
832 NOOTAN ISC Physics-XIl
ANSWERS
3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (d)
1. (c) 2. (a) 10, (b)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a).

VERY SHORT ANSWERTYPE Carrying 1mark

8. A distant object is being seen through a
1. What is the least distance of distinct vision? fly sits on the objective, what will be itstelescope. F.
Answer. It is the nearest distance from the eye at which effect on the
an object can be distinctly seen by the eye. Its value is image of the object?
25 cm for anormal eye. It is denoted by D. Answer. The fly will not be seen in the image. Howere.
2. Distant objects which appear quite small with naked the intensity of the image will be slightly decreased
eye, appear larger through a telescope; how? because the fly will stop some light from entering tho
Answer. The telescope forms the image of the distant telescope.
object near the eye. Therefore, the image subtends_a 9. Define magnifying power of an optical instrument.
large visual angle at the eye. (ISC 2005)
3. What should be the position of an object relative to a Answer. It is the ratio of the angle subtended by the final
biconvex lens so that it behaves like a magnifying glass? image at the eye to the angle subtended by the distant
Answer. The object should be between the optical centre object at the eye when seen directly.
and the focus of the lens.
4. What is the angular magnification produced by a single 10. Why is the power of the objective lens ofa telescope is
convex lens used as a simple microscope in 'normal' kept as small as possible? M t»/ue
use? wage at 0 Answer. Small power means large focallength which
Answer. M= D/f, where D is least distance of distinct results in high magnifying power of telescope.
vision and fis focal length of the lens. 11. State any one advantage of using areflecting telescope
5. Write an expression of magnifyingpower of a compound in place of a refracting telescope. (/SC 2022, 21, 15)
microscope when final image is formed at the least 12. In which, microscope or telescope, is the difference in
distance of distinct vision (D). focal lengths of the objective and the eye-piece smaller?
D
Answer. M=1+. (ISC Compartment Exam., 2021) Answer. This difference is much smaller in amicroscope
than in a telescope.
6. An object is seen first in red light and then in violet light 13. The resolving power of normal human eye is 1' (one
through a simple microscope. In which case will the minute). Explain its meaning.
magnifying power be larger? Answer. If two separate distant objects subtend an angle
Answer. Magnifying power of a simple microscope in smaller than 1' on our eye, then the objects will not be
normal use is D/f. As fy <fas the magnifying power seen separated.
will be larger for violet light. 14. On what factors does the resolving limit of a telescope
7. What steps are taken to obtain a high angular depend?
magnification from a compound microscope? Answer. The resolving limit of a telescope is directly
Answer. Both, the objective and the eye-piece are taken proportional to the wavelength of light and inversely
of small focal lengths, the focal length of the eye-piece proportional to the aperture of the objective.
being slightly longer.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE Carrying 2 marks
1. Using a ray-diagram, show the image formation by a On the other hand, angular magnification is the ratio
simple microscope (magnifying glass). What is the of the angle subtended at the eye by the image to the
nature of the image? angle subtended by the object seen directly when both
Answer. For ray-diagram refer to text matter. The image are located at the least distance of distinct vision (D).
is virtual, enlarged and on the same side as the object. It is given by
D
2. What is the difference between linear magnification and M = =1+
angular magnification (also called magnifying power)
produced by a lens?
In the special case when v=D, mbecomes equal to M.
Answer. The linear magnification produced by a lens 3. Why is, in a microscope, objective lens of a smal
is the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the aperture is taken?
object and is equal to the ratio of the image and object Answer. Microscope is used to observe very smallobjec
distances, that is, m = u/u
placed very close to it. Therefore, if the aperture of te
 833
Optical Instruments
objectiveis
then light
large
preadin large
aperture and
bright. On the other
coming from the object will
the object be able to work as
microscope? Is the
reverse of this

willspreadin small
hand, aperture is will be seen less
if possible? in the focal lengths
be more bright. aperture and theimage small, then light difference
Answer. No, becaUse themicroscope is verysmall. Hence,
Drawray-diagram to
formed will of the two lenses in a magnifying power in the
i compound microscope.
illustrate formation of image in a O inverting
orm of
the telescope,
microscope will
its
be very sImall.
Similarly, on
power in the
Express the magnifying (USC 2004) microscope, its magnifying
powerin terms
ofan astronomicalI telescope
(angular
of the focal lengths Inverting a
13. What is meant by the resolving
form of telescope willbe very small.
power of a telescope ?
ofthe objective and the
eye-piece. When
magnification) increasing the resolving power
() attthe least
at
distance distinct final image
infinity
of
vision. is : State any one method of
of an astronomical telescope.
(/SC 2017, 10)
) formed objective.
(ISC 2021) Answer. By using large aperturesmaller than stars, stillit
Answer. (i) M is much
1+ 14. The size of the moon
D when the final image appears bigger. Why? our
an object as seen by
formed at the least Answer. The apparent size of
() M=- folfe whendistance
of distinct moon, being
vision and eye depends upon the visual angle. Thea larger visual
the final image much closer to usthan the
stars, subtends
Safinity. fo and J are focal lengths of is formed at appears bigger in size.
eye-piece respectively. objective and angle at our ey and hence
the order of 10 m, still it
6. ).Define 15. The diameter of the sun is of
magnifying
visual angles.
power of a microscope
in terms of appears to be a small disc. Why? m) distance from
c What is the (ISC 2014) Answer. Sun is at a very large ( 10a very small visual
advantage
of a
over a simple microscope? compound microscope the earth. Therefore, it subtends our eye. The same
(ISC 2014) angle ( 10/10=10 radian) at diameter placed at
Answer. () A simple microscope has angle is subtended bya disc of 1 cm
magnification limited maximum sun is seen just like
( 9) for a distance of 1 m from the eye. So,
(i) However, a compound realistic focal lengths. a disc.
microscope can provide a
much larger magnification (M =m xm) Send 16. In viewing through amagnifyingangular
the
glass, wemagnification
put our eye
image obtained from quite close to the lens. Does
almost free from the defect ofcompound
spherical
microscope is
and chromatic change, if the eye is moved away from the lens?
aberrations. Answer. Yes, the angular magnification decreases a little.
1. In atelescope the focal length of the objective is large This is because when the eye is away from the lens, the
while that of the eye-piece is small. Explain its reason, angle subtended by the virtual image at the eye is slightly
giving the necessary formula. M fo/e, less than the angle subtended at the lens.
B. In a telescope, the objective has a large aperture while 17. The magnifying power of a simple microscope is
the eye-piece has a small aperture. Why? inversely proportional to the focal length of the lens.
Answer. Objective of large' aperture is taken so that it Then, why can we not obtain a very high magnifying
may collect sufficient light from distant objects (stars, power by using a lens of very small focal length?
etc.) to form a sufficiently bright image. Moreover, large Answer. For a very high magnifying power, the focal
aperture objective provides greater resolving power to length of the lens would have to be very smal. Lenses
the telescope. On the other hand, eye-piece of 'small' of very small focal length are not easy to manufacture.
aperture is taken so that whole of the light forming the Secondly, such lenses would be very thick in the middle
Image may enter the small pupil of the eye. and cause appreciable dispersion of light due to their
3. Why is parabolic mirror often used in terrestrial prismatic action. Hence, they will produce coloured
reflecting telescope? image (chromatic aberration).
10. Why all over the world. giant telescopes are of reflecting l8. In a compound microscope, both the obiective and the
(ISC 2009). eye-piece should be of small focal lengths. Why?
type? State any one reason.
. What is the difference in the construction of theobjective Answer. This is to achieve a high magnifying power.
of a telescope and that of a microscope? When a compound microscope forms the final image
lens of
Answer. The obiect of a telescope is a convex of an object at the least distance of distinct vision, D, its
(compared to
larger focal length and larger aperture convex magnifying power is given by
microscope is a lens of
eye-piece), while that of to
Smaller focal length and smaller aperture (compared M=- "O 1+
12. eye-piece). and the eye-piece
In a telescope the objective is larger
objective is smaller and
where u, is the distance of the object from the
objective
S Smaller. In a microscope the and v, is the distance of the image
telescope is inverted, will it formed
e eye-piece is larger. If a objective. For a high magnifying power, the by the object
834 NOOTAN ISCPhysics-XIl
powers
should be placed very near the objective (u, very small) 20. An astronomical telescope uses two lenses of
distant
and for a realdistant (large v,) image, it should be just 10 dioptre and 1 dioptre. If the final image ofa of the
beyond the focus of the objective. For this, the focal object is formed at infinity, calculate the length
length fo of the objective should be small. Also, for high (ISC 2014)
telescope.
used as objective
Answer. The lens of power of 1 Dwill be
magnification + by the eye-piece, the focal and of power of 10D willbe used as eye- piece.
100 100 = 100 cm
Cm =
length f, of the eye-piece should also be small. Thus, P(D) 1D
19. TWo lenses of focal lengths 5 cm and 50 cm are to be
100 = 10 cm
used for making a telescope. Which lens will you use for and
10D
the objective? telescope
Answer. The magnifying power of a telescope, for relaxed Now, since image is formed at infinity so the tube,
of telescope
eye, is M= - folfer Hence, for a higher magnifying is in normal adjustment. Thus, length110 cm.
power, the lens of larger focal length (50. cm) is to be L=f, + fo=100 cm + 10 cm =
used as objective.
Carrying 3 marks
LONGANSWERTYPE (A]
the image of a distant
9. Drawa ray-diagram to show howastronomical
1. Explain the working of a simple microscope and show telescope
that its angular magnification is given by object is formed by a reflecting over a
(i) M = 1 + (DIf), where D is the least distance of when in normal use. State one advantage
(ISC 2006)
distinct vision. (ISC 2000) refracting-type telescope.
power of atelescope?
10. What do you mean by the resolving telescope depend
(ii) M = f
for relaxed eye. How does the resolving power a of
of the
upon the wavelength of the light and the aperture
(ISC 2007)
2. Drawa neat labelled ray diagram showing the formation objective lens?
of an image at the least distance of distinct vision Dby a 11. ) Define resolving power of a simple astronomical
simple microscope. When the final image is at D, derive telescope.
an expression for its magnifying power at D.(1SC 2019) (i) State one advantage of a reflecting telescope over
3. Drawa neat labelled ray diagram of asimple microscope refracting telescope. (/SC 2022, 21, 15, 12)
when the image is formed at the least distance of of a
12. Explain the statement; "Angular magnification2010)
distinct vision D. Write the expression for its angular compound microscope in normal use is 30". (/SC
magnification (magnifying power) in this setup. Hint : In normal'use the final image by a compound
(Derivation of formula is not required.) (/SC 2022) microscope is formed at D= 25 cm). Angular
4. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an image formed by a magnification M =30 means the ratio of visual angle
compound microscope when the final image lies at least subtended by the final image of an object at the eye
distance of distinct vision. Write any one expression for to the visual angle subtended by same object at the
its magnifying power. Why is its objective of a very small unaided is 30 eye (when the object is placed at D)
aperture?
(ISC 2021, 15, 13, 11)
13. With regard to an astronomical telescope of refracting
5. With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the type, state how will you increase its : (i) magnifying
construction and working of a compound microscope. power (ii) resolving power. ((SC 2015)
Derive an expression for its magnifying power. How can 14. In an experiment of OPTICS student is using a
the magnifying power be increased? compound microscope. The examiner gives the requisite
astronomical telescope and
6. Draw aray diagram of an instructions and asks some questions to the student.
derive an expression for its magnifying power when State whether the responses of the student, in each case
image is
(i) the image is formed at infinity, (ii) the are correct or incorrect. Give a reason for your answer.
formed at the least distance of distinct vision. () EXAMINER : Increase the magnification produced
formed by a
7. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an image by objective lens.
refracting telescope with final image formed at infinity. STUDENT:Decreases the distance between object
Derive an expression for its magnifying power with the and objective lens, keeping in mind that this
final image at infinity. (ISC 2018, 16) distance must be greater than the focal length of
8. Derive the general relation for the magnifying
power the objective lens.
telescope when image is formed at (ii) EXAMINER : Increase the resolving power of the
of an astronomical instrument.
infinity. State any one advantage of an astronomical
STUDENT :Illuminates the object with the light of
telescope of the reflecting type over a refracting type.
(/SC 2004) longer wavelength.
 Optical lnstruments 835
(iii) EXAMINER : Which of the two lenses (i) Response is incorrect.
and f3, will you prefer to take as an among f1, f2 Resolving power of compound microscope
eye-piece of compound microscope? objective
and
(fi = 2.0 cm, numerical aperture n sin 0
f= 100.0 cm and fa =6.0 cm) 0.61 . 0.61 .
STUDENT: fi = 2.0 cm as an objective and
f = 100.0cm as an eyepiece. So, to increase the resolving power, light of shorter
Answer : () Response is correct. wavelength should be used.
(ii) Response is incorrect.
Magnification by objective lens, mÍ = Uo As uo Both objective and eye-piece should be of small
focal length and value of (f.-fo) should be small.
decreases, mo increases.
LONG ANSWER TYPE [B) Carrying 5 marks
1. Define magnifying power of an optical 4. Draw labelled ray diagram of reflecting telescope, write
term of visual angles. Write the conditioninstrument in
when visual its magnifying power and write its advantages over
angle in maximum for naked eye. Write two refracting telescope.
values for magnification of simple microscope. possible 5. What do you understand by resolving power and limit of
2. Draw ray diagram for astronomical resolution of astronomical telescope and explain their
telescope in
normal adjustment and derive. the expression for interdependence?
its magnifying power when final image is formed at 6. (a) Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical telescope
(i) infinity (ii) least distance of distinct vision. Also of refracting type when it forms a final image at
write the length of tube in each case. infinity. Show the angles a and Bsubtended by the
3. Draw ray diagram of compound microscope. Write its object and the image respectively.
magnifying power in (1) normal adjustment (ii) final (b)Obtain an expression for its magnifying power in
image is formed at D. If objective and eye-piece are terms offo and fe (ISC Compartment Exam., 2021)
interchanged, willit behave like a telescope? Explain.
LONG ANSWER TYPE [C] PASSAGE BASED Carrying5 marks
Read the passage(s) and answer the following objective forms the inverted image IM of the distant
questions: object at 2F of the erecting lens which forms the erect
For viewing terrestrial objects, astronomical telescope is image of the same size I,M, at 2F of the erecting lens
unsuitable. The astronomical telescope can be altered on the other side of this lens. When the telescope is in
to view terrestrial objects by using an erecting lens in normal adjustment the principal focus of the eye-piece
between objective and eye-piece of the astronomical coincides with 2F of the erecting lens. The final image
telescope. fos f and f, are the focal lengths of the formed by the eye-piece at infinity is virtual, erect and
objective, erecting lens and eye-piece respectively. The magnified.

f
TO

OBJECTIVE ERECTING LENS EYE-PIECE

Terrestrial Telescope
(i) What is the function of erecting lens? Does it produce Ans. () Function of erecting lens is just to erect the
any magnification? image. It does not produce any magnification.
(ii) Write the expression for magnifying power M of a
terrestrial telescope, when the final image is formed (i)M=Jo , (iii) L = fo t 4f + fe.
at infinity.
(ii) What is the total length of the terrestrial telescope in
normal adjustment? (iv) As, M = J andL fo +fe for astronomical
(iv) An astronomical refracting telescope consists of
two conyex lenses having focal length 80 cm and telescope.
4 cm. When it is in normal adjustment, what is its : So, L= 80-+ 4 = 84 cm and M =
80 = -20,
(a) length (b) magnifying power? 4