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Second Exam

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13 views5 pages

Second Exam

Uploaded by

Zeena Laswi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit Operations and Industrial Safety

Second Exam
First Semester, 2018 – 2019

Q1: (7 points) Choose the correct answer:

1. Consider distribution of the solute C in two partially miscible solvents A


(carrier) and B (solvent). What is the selectivity of separation at the plait point?
a. 1.0
b. Very large.
c. zero
d. very small

2. What is true about mixer settlers?


a. Two liquid phases mixed with impellers, and separated by gravity induced
separation.
b. Two liquid phases unmixed, and magnetic separation carried out.
c. Two liquid phases are mixed by impellers, and separated using magnetic
separation.
d. Two liquid phases are heated to mix, and gravity induced separation is
carried out.

3. Which of the following changes cause a Type II liquid liquid system to become
Type I system.
a. An increase in pressure
b. An increase in temperature
c. Temperature increased to the critical solution temperature of the solvent-
solute pair.

4. Which of the following factors favor formation of a stable and more effective
dispersion?
a. Large density difference of the phases.
b. Low viscosity of the dispersed phase.

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c. Low interfacial tension.
d. Higher impeller rpm.

5. When the two solvents (diluent and solvent) are fully miscible, is extraction still
possible?
a. Yes, since the key factor is only the different solubility of the solute in the
two solvents.
b. No, in this case there will be only one phase after the settler instead of two,
no extract or raffinate phases can be formed.
c. It depends on the density difference between the two liquids.
d. No, extraction is not possible anymore, since if the two liquids are fully
miscible, the solute has also the same solubility in both liquids.

6. What difference would result, if equilateral triangle diagram is used to solve


extraction problem instead of right angle triangle diagram?
d. No difference, results are identical but using right angle triangle ssimplifies
the graphical construction.
e. In equilateral diagram, the user is free to set the three components at the
edges. In a right angle diagram the solvent has always to be on the edge
with the right angle.
f. In some cases, the use of equilateral diagram would result in different
solution for the same extraction problem.
g. None of the above.

7. What are the advantages of extraction processes compared with other


separation processes?

a. Extraction is a separation process which involves no evaporation; therefore it is


carried out mostly at ambient temperatures and can be used as a separation process
for high temperature sensitive products.
b. All streams are in liquid phase, therefore the system pressures are lower, resulting in
thinner walls needed for the equipments.
c. There are no specific advantages. Depending on the solvents available for a certain
component, extraction may be a suitable separation process.

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d. The treatment of the process products and educts is more easier, since all are in liquid
phase. There is no cooling energy needed to liquify a distillate or to heat up a bottom
stream as in a distillation process.

Q2: (5 points) - Mention five important factors that control the selection of an
extractor?

- What kind of extractor should be used in case of:

a) minimum residence time is required.

b) emulsifying tendency.

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Q3: (8 points) Acetone is to be extracted from an aqueous solution (500 kg/h, 50 mass
% acetone) using TCA in a three stage cross current cascade. Two hundred kilogram of
solvent (98 % TCA, 2 % acetone) is added to each stage. The system is partially
miscible. Given the following LLE data, calculate the flow rate of the raffinate and the
fraction of feed acetone removed in each stage.

Extract arm (mass fraction) Raffinate arm (mass fraction)

yc yA yB xC xA xB

0.6 0.13 0.27 0.55 0.35 0.10


0.5 0.04 0.46 0.50 0.43 0.07
0.4 0.03 0.57 0.40 0.57 0.03
0.3 0.02 0.68 0.30 0.68 0.02
0.2 0.015 0.785 0.20 0.79 0.01
0.1 0.01 0.89 0.10 0.895 0.005

Tie line data

Extract (mass fraction acetone) Raffinate (mass fraction acetone)

0.18 0.12

0.40 0.29

0.56 0.44

Q4:(5 Points) (Bonus) A feed of 100 kg/min of 1.2 wt% mixture of acetic acid is water is
to be extracted with 1-butanol at 1 atm and 26.7 °C. The desired outlet concentration
in the existing stream is 0.1 wt% of acetic acid. The solvent of pure 1-butanol is fed
counter-currently to the feed with the flow rate of 75 kg/min.

- Determine the composition of the existing 1-butanol phase (the extract phase).
- Find the number of equilibrium stages needed.

The equilibrium equation is y = 1.613 x

Where x = acetic acid in water

y = acetic acid in 1-butanol


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Hint: consider the system immiscible.

Good Luck

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