FORM TWO CHEMISTRY HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT

Name: Class:

1.What is an indicator? (1mk)

2.Describe how to prepare flower extract indicator from flower petals. (3mks)

3.State one disadvantage of using flower extract as an indicator. (1mk)

4.Complete the table below. (3mks)

Indicator/substance Litmus solution Methyl orange Phenolphthalein

Hydrochloric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Distilled water
5.The following table gives the ph values of solution P ,Q ,R, S ,T and U.Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

Solution P Q R S T U
pH 6.5 1.0 9.0 13.0 7.0 14.0
Which solution is likely to be ;

(i) Sodium chloride……………………………………………………………………………….……………… (1mk)

(ii) Ammonium hydroxide……………………………………………………………………………………….(1mk)
(iii) Dilute sulphuric acid…………………………………………………………………………..……………. (1mk)
(iv) Sodium hydroxide……………………………………………………………………….…………………… (1mk)
(v) Baking powder………………………………………………………………………….……………………… (1mk)

6.(a) What is a universal indicator? (1mk)

(b)State one advantage of universal indicator has over the common acid-base indicators.

7.You are provided with a colourless solution X .Describe how to determine the pH of the
solution. (3mks)

8.What is the likely pH value of the following solutions.

(a) Dilute nitric acid. (1mk)

(b) Wood ash solution.

(c ) Distilled water.

(d) Potassium hydroxide solution. (1mk)

(e) Orange juice. (1mk)

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9.The following table gives the pH values of solution A ,B ,C, D ,E and F .Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

Solution A B C D E F
Ph 6.0 2.0 8.5 11.5 7.0 13.5
Which solution is likely to be ;

(a) Rain water. (1mk)

(b) Wood ash. (1mk)
(c) Lemon juice. (1mk)
(d) Sodium hydroxide. (1mk)
(e) Hydrochloric acid. (1mk)

10.The diagram below shows the physical state of matter. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

V
R
Gas
Solid Liquid

U W

(i)Identify the processes R, V, S,T, W and U (3 marks)

(ii)Name any two substances which can undergo the process represented by S and T. (2 marks)

11.. The diagram below shows the heating curve of a pure substance. Study it and answer the
questions that follow:

(a) State and explain what happens at regions labeled;

AB (2 marks)
BC (2 marks)
CD (2 marks)
DZ (2 marks)

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 (b) What is the name of the temperature where the physical changes below take place?
BC……………………………...………………………………………………………….(1 mark)
DZ…………………………..……………………………………………………………..(1 mark)
12.Complete the table below by writing the correct observations made. (3 marks)
Solid Observations

When heated. On cooling.

Zinc Oxide
Wax
Iodine
13.State 3 characteristics of Temporary Physical Change.
(a)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c )………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14.The diagram below shows a set – up used by a student to find out what happen when Copper
(II) sulphate crystals are heated

i)State the observations made when the blue copper (II) sulphate crystals are heated. (2 marks)
(ii) What is the purpose of ice-cold water in the above set up? (1 mark)
(iii) Identify liquid Y and write a word equation for its formation. (2 marks)
Identity……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Equation…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) How can purity of liquid Y be confirmed? (1mk)
15. The diagram below shows spots of pure substances A, B, and C on a chromatogram
paper. Spot D is that of a mixture

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(a) After development A, B and C were found to have moved 6cm, 2cm and 4cm respectively.
D has separated into two spots which have moved 4cm and 6cm:-
On the diagram:
I. Label the baseline and show the solvent front. (1mark)
II. Show the position of all the spots on the chromatogram above after development. (3 marks)
III. Identify the substances present in mixture D. (1mark)
16.The diagram below shows an apparatus used chemistry laboratory.

(a) Name the parts labeled A and B (2mks)

A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b)Name the apparatus above (1mk)

17. A chromatogram of three dyes red, yellow and blue and three inks 1, 2 and 3 as shown
below. Study it and answer questions that follow.

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 (a) Identify dyes present in ink 3 (1mk)
(b) Identify the most soluble dye (1mk)
(c ) Name the part labeled X (1mk)

18.Define the following terms;

(a) An atom. (1mk)

(b) An element. (1mk)

(c ) A molecule. (1mk)

(d) A compound. (1mk)

19. Th graphs below represents the temperature-time curves for solids M and N

Solid M Solid N

(a) What is the name given to the curves above? (1mk)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Which of the two solids is an impure substance? Explain. (2mks)

20.Complete the table below by writing the correct observations made.

(3mks)

Solid Observations

When heated. On cooling.

Zinc Oxide
Wax
Iodine
21.State 3 differences between of Temporary Physical Change & Permanent chemical change.

Temporary physical change Permanent chemical change

i. i.
ii. ii.
ii. iii.

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22. Complete the table below (8mks)

Element Symbol Element Symbol

K Silver
Calcium Cu
Cl Co
Iron Hydrogen

23.Complete the table below. (3mks)

Indicator/substance Litmus solution Methyl orange Phenolphthalein

Hydrochloric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Distilled water
24.You are provided with a colourless solution X .Describe how to determine the pH of the
solution. (3mks)

25.State the components of each of the following compounds. (5mks)

Compound Components of the compound.

Copper II sulphate

Sodium hydroxide

Magnesium oxide

Iron II nitrate

Potassium phosphate

26.Describe how to prepare flower extract indicator from flower petals. (3mks)

27.The diagram below shows the apparatus commonly used in a laboratory.

(i) Name the apparatus. (1mark)

(ii) State the function of the parts labeled in the above apparatus.
a) Chimney. (1 mark)
b) Collar (1mark)

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c) Air hole. (1 mark)
28.State 3 differences between a luminous flame and a non-luminous flame. (3 marks)
Luminous flame Non-luminous flame.
i. i.
ii. ii.
iii. iii.
29.Phosphorus element smoulders in air to form two oxides
(a) Name the two oxides. (2 marks)
(i) ______________________________________________

(ii) ______________________________________________
(c) State the nature of the solution when the above mentioned oxides are dissolved in water.
30.The diagram below shows a Bunsen burner

Name the parts labelled A and B (2 marks)

A………………………………………………………………………………..
B………………………………………………………………………………….
31. A mixture contains aluminium chloride, copper (II) oxide and potassium chloride.Describe
how each of the substances can be obtained from the mixture. (3 marks)
32.Classify the following processes as either chemical or physical. (3 marks)
Process Type of change
(a) Heating of Zinc oxide ___________________________
(b) Obtaining kerosene from crude oil ___________________________
(c ) Souring of milk ___________________________
33.The following is a chromatogram showing the results obtained after separating two
substances P and T.

A


 
  B
P T

(a) Name lines :

A ___________________________________ (1 mark)

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B ___________________________________ (1 mark)

(b) Name a possible solvent which can be used in the above process. (1 mark)
(c ) Which of the two substances is pure? (1 mark)
33.Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid was added to a compound of zinc M.The solid reacted with the
acid to form a colourless solution ,K and a colourless gas C which formed a white precipitate
when bubbled through lime water.
(a) Name:
(i) Compound M. (1 mark)
(ii) Solution K.
(iii) Colouless gas C. (1 mark)
(b) Write a word equation for the reaction that took place. (1 mark)
34.Magnesium burns with a brilliant flame in air forming two main products X and Y, write the
word equations for the formation of:
(i) X (1 mark)
(ii) Y (1 mark)
35.The set up below was used to prepare dry hydrogen gas. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
Hydrochloric
Cardboard
acid

Zinc granules

Liquid Y

(i) Is the method of collecting the gas correct? Give a reason. (2 marks)
(ii) What would be liquid Y?
(iii) Give two physical properties of hydrogen gas (1 mark)
(iv) Describe a simple chemical test for hydrogen in the laboratory. (2 marks)
(v) State any two industrial uses of hydrogen gas. (2 marks
36.Give the Chemical symbols for the following elements. (3 marks)
Element Chemical Symbol
1. Hydrogen
2. Lead
3. Silver
37.The diagram below shows a set – up used by a student to find out what happen when Copper
(II) sulphate crystals are heated

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i)State 2 observations made when the blue copper (II) sulphate crystals are heated. (2 marks)
(ii) What is the purpose of ice-cold water in the above set up? (1 mark)
(iii) Identify liquid Y. (1 mark)
Identity……………………………………………………………………………………………..
38.State the components of each of the following compounds. (3 marks)

Compound Components of the compound.

Potassium oxide

Zinc nitrate

Sodium sulphate

39.Describe how to prepare flower extract indicator from flower petals. (3 marks)
40.Write word equations for the following reactions. (5 marks)
(a) Magnesium metal with dilute hydrochloric acid.
(b) Zinc hydrogen carbonate with dilute sulphuric VI acid.
(c ) Calcium oxide with dilute nitric acid.
(d ) Sodium hydroxide with dilute hydrochloric acid.
(e ) Copper carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid.
41. The set-up below was used to investigate the properties of hydrogen gas.

(i) State the observation made in the combustion tube. (1 mark )

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 (ii) Write a word equation for the reaction which took place. (1 mark)
(iii) What property of hydrogen is being investigated. (1 mark)
42.The table below shows the pH values for some solutions.Study it and answer the questions
that follow.

Solution A B C D
pH value 7.0 9.0 2.0 13.5
Which solution is likely to be:

(a ) Potassium hydroxide solution. (1 mark)

(b ) Sodium chloride solution. (1 mark)

(c ) Dilute nitric V acid. (1 mark)

43.During laboratory preparation of oxygen,manganese IV oxide is added to reagent H.

(a) Name reagent H. (1mk)

(b) State the role of manganese IV oxide in this experiment. (1mk)

(c ) Write a word equation for the reaction that takes place. (1mk)

44.The following apparatus and chemicals are used to investigate the percentage of air used
when iron rusts:Iron filings ,100ml measuring cylinder ,trough and water.

(a) Draw a set-up of the experiment. (3 mar

(b) Write an expression to show how the percentage of air used is calculated at the end of the
experiment. (1 mark)

45.You are provided with 3 unlabelled solutions in 3 test-tubes containing sulphuric(VI)

acid,sodium chloride solution and sodium carbonate solution.Describe using blue litmus only
,how to distinguish the 3 solutions. (3 marks)

46. The graph shown below is heating curve of solid substance. Use it to answer questions below

Using kinetic theory of matter explain what happens in the following regions

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 AB (2 marks)
BC (2 marks)
CD (2 marks)
47. The apparatus below were used to determine the volume of oxygen in air. About 200cm³ of
air were passed repeatedly from syringe A to syringe B over heated copper turnings as shown in
the diagram.After sometime, the volume of air in the syringe A was 160cm³ and syringe B, Ocm³

(a ) Explain why;
(i) Air is passed repeatedly over the heated copper turnings. (1 mark)
(ii) Air is passed slowly over heated copper turnings to and fro syringe A. (1 mark)
(b) State the observation made in the tube . (1 mark)
(c ) Write a word equation for the reaction which took place in the tube. (1 mark)
(d ) Calculate the percentage of oxygen in the initial sample of air. (3 marks)
(e) State two sources of error in the experiment. (1 mark)
48. Complete the table below (8 marks)

Element Symbol Element Symbol

Na Mercury
Potassium Cu
S Co
Iron Hydrogen
49.Name three commercial indicators. (3mks)
50.Complete the table below to show the products formed when some metals are burned in air.(8mks)

Metal Colour of Products Equation of formation of products Nature of solution

flame formed when the
products are dissolved
in water
1.Sodium i. i.
ii. ii.
2.Potassium i. i.
ii. ii.
3.Calcium i. i.
ii. ii.

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4.Magnesium i. i.
ii. ii.
51.When phosphorous is burned in air ,it smoulders forming two oxides.

(a) Name two products. (2mks)

(b) Write the equations showing the products formed. (2mks)

(c ) State the nature of the solution formed when the oxides are dissolved in water. (1mk)

52.Water is added to substance A during laboratory of oxygen gas.

(a) Name substance A. (1mk)

(b) Write the equation showing the formation of oxygen gas. (1mk)

(c ) State 2 physical properties of oxygen gas. (1mk)

(d) State any 2 industrial uses of oxygen gas. (1mk)

(e) Describe the test for oxygen gas. (2mks)

53.A student heated crystals of hydrated cobalt II chloride in a test tube.

a) State and explain the observations made. (2mks)

b) Classify the above change as either physical or chemical change. (1mk)

c) State what would be observed if water was added to the residue obtained. (1mk)

54.You are provided with 3 unlabelled solutions in 3 test-tubes containing sulphuric(VI) acid,sodium
chloride solution and sodium carbonate solution.Describe using blue litmus only ,how to distinguish the
3 solutions. (3mks)

55.A mixture contains ammonium chloride ,copper (II) oxide and sodium chloride.Describe how each of
the substances can be obtained from the mixture. (3mks)

56.Complete the table below by stating any two oxides in each case. (3mks.

Basic oxides Acidic oxides Neutral oxides

i. i. i.

ii. ii. ii.

57.A candle was lit and the products formed collected using the set up below.

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 a) What is the role of the pump in the set up? (1mk)
b) Describe how one can confirm the identity of liquid A. (2mks)
c) State the observation made in the test-tube. (1mk)
d) Name two elements making up the candle wax. (1mk)
58.A stream of air gas was passed over heated copper turnings in a combustion tube from syringe A to
syringe B and back repeatedly until a constant volume of air is obtained in syringe A.
a) State the aim of the above experiment. (1mk)
(b) State and explain the observation made in the combustion tube. (2mks)
c ) Write the equation in the combustion tube. (1mk)
d ) State the role of the glass wool in the setup. (1mk)
59.Some potassium chloride was found to be contaminated with copper II oxide.Describe how
a sample of copper II oxide can be separated from the mixture. (3mks)

60.Describe how you would fully separate solid lead II carbonate from a mixture of lead II
carbonate,iron filings and sodium carbonate. (3mks)

61.A student heated crystals of hydrated copper (II) sulphate in a test tube.

a) State and explain the observations made. (2mks)

b) Classify the above change as either physical or chemical change. (1mk)

c) Name another substance that undergoes a similar change as copper (II) sulphate. (1mk)

d) State and explain what would be observed if water was added to the residue obtained.

62.Dry ice changes from solid to gas.

a) What is the name given to this process. (1mk)

b) Give examples of two other substances that undergo this process. (1mk)

63.You are provided with 3 unlabelled solutions in 3 test-tubes containing hydrochloric

acid,sodium nitrate solution and potassium carbonate solution.Describe using blue litmus only
,how to distinguish the 3 solutions. (3mks)

64.In another experiment to determine the percentage of air used when air is passed over
heated copper turnings,the following procedure was used.Copper turnings were placed in a
long glass tube connected to two syringes as shown below.,with one syringe containing 100cm 3
of air while the other is empty.The copper turnings were heated until red-hot ,then air was
slowly passed from syringe A to syringe B over the copper turnings and back.This process was

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repeated several times while heating the copper turnings until there was no more change in
volume of air.The glass tube was left to cool and the volume of the remaining air in the syringe
determined to be 80cm3.

i) State the purpose of the glass wool plugs in this experiment.’ (1mk)
ii) Explain the purpose of passing the air over the copper turnings. (1mk)

II.Repeatedly until there is no further change in volume. (1mk)

iii)State the observations made in the combustion tube at the end of the experiment. (2mks)

iv ) Using the readings obtained in this experiment.

I.Calculate the volume of air used up during the experiment. (1mk)

II.Calculate the percentage by volume of air used during the experiment. (3mks)

v )Why does the volume of air in the syringe decrease? (1mk)

65. Write word equations for the following reactions.

(a) Zinc metal with dilute hydrochloric acid.

(b) Potassium carbonate with dilute nitric acid.

(c ) Magnesium hydrogen carbonate with dilute nitric acid.

66.Study the diagram below and and answer the questions that follow.

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(a ) Identify solid Q and state its role. (2mks)

(b ) Identify condition P. (1mk)

(c ) (i) State the observation made in the combustion tube. (2mks)

(ii) Explain your observation in (c ) (i) above. (2mks)

(d ) Write word equations for the reactions taking place in;

(i) The flask. (1mk)

(ii) Combustion tube. (1mk)
(iii) Leading to formation of liquid L. (1mk)

(e) Why is excess hydrogen burnt? (1mk)

(f) State why it is not advisable to use nitric (V) acid in place of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.

(g) Give another metal that can be used instead of zinc.

(h) Describe a simple chemical test for hydrogen gas. (2mks)

(i ) State any 4 physical properties of hydrogen gas.

(2mks)

(j) State any 3 industrial uses of hydrogen gas. (3mks)

67.Below is a heating curve of pure ice.

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(a ) Explain the following parts of the graph.

(i) AB. (2mks)

(ii) CD. (2mks)
(iii) BC. (2mks)
(iv) DE. (2mks)

(b ) Identify the state of matter along the graph at:(1mk)

AB;…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

CD:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c ) Name the process taking place at region marked:

H;…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

W:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

68.Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the substance removed in; (3mks)

Step I………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Step II…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Step III………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(b ) Name the gases obtained with respect to their boiling points. (3mks)

-196oC …………………………………………………………………………………………..

-186oC …………………………………………………………………………………………..

-183oC …………………………………………………………………………………………..

69.Describe two chemical tests for water. (4mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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