Government Property

NOT FOR SALE

NOT
9
Science
Quarter 2,Wk.3-M3
PROPERTIES OF IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

1
What I Know (Pre - Test)
I. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Write it on the answer sheet provided.
____ 1. Which type of compound results from the combination of metal and Nonmetal elements?
a. Ionic compounds c. Organic compounds
b. Covalent molecular compounds d. Acids and Bases
____ 2. Which type of compounds result from the combination of two nonmetallic elements?
a. Ionic compounds c. Organic compounds
b. Covalent molecular compounds d. Acids and Bases
____ 3. These are electrostatic forces of attraction that results from the complete transfer of electrons from one atom
to another.
a. Covalent bonds c. Metallic Bonds
b. Ionic bonds d. Polar and Nonpolar Bonds
____ 4. All of the following describes ionic compounds EXCEPT:
a. They form crystals
b. They have high melting and boiling points
c. They are hard and brittle
d. It possesses polar and nonpolar characteristics
____ 5. Why are ionic compounds good conductors of electricity?
a. The strong electrostatic attraction between ions allows electricity to freely flow
b. Aqueous solutions of ionic compounds causes to ions dissociate and are free to conduct electricity.
c. Strong electrostatic attraction between crystal lattice of ionic compounds is strong which needs high
temperature to melt or boil these compounds
d. Ionic compounds are electrical in nature.
____ 6. Which of the following examples is ionic in nature?
a. CO2 b. H2O c. NaCl d. CO
____ 7. Which of the following compounds is covalent?
a. Sodium hydroxide b. Table sugar c. Barium chloride d. table salt
____ 8. Which explains the flammability of covalent molecular compounds?
a. Covalent molecular compounds share their electrons forming polar and nonpolar bonds
b. They contain carbon and hydrogen atoms that react readily with oxygen gas
c. Because they generally have low melting and boiling points and the addition of small amount of energy
causes intermolecular attraction to break.
d. Molecules easily react with heat-producing flames
____ 9. What accounts for the polarity of compounds?
a. It is a result of the uneven partial charge distribution between various atoms in a compound.
b. The strength between covalent bonding causes molecules to have polar and nonpolar characteristics
c. Due to some exceptions, the sharing of electrons between atoms in covalent compounds results in a stable
balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms.
d. The structure of covalent compounds is unique that’s why they can be polar and nonpolar.
____ 10. It is the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons toward itself.
a. Polarity b. Ionic Bonding c. Chemical Bonding d. Electronegativity

Lesson Properties of Ionic and Covalent Molecular

1 Compounds
What I Need to Know
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to describe the properties of ionic compounds
Specifically, after going through this module, you will be able to:
1. Identify what are ionic compounds and covalent molecular compounds
2. Distinguish the properties of ionic and covalent molecular compounds
3. Explain why ionic and covalent molecular compounds possess these physical properties

What’s New

https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1135962
https://www.needpix.com/photo/674099/sugar-cup-pile-of-sugar-sweet-trays-trickle-blue-fall-nibble
There is a wide variety of compounds and most of these looked physically the same as white sugar and
iodized table salt. It would be easier to determine these two substances by tasting, but this method of identifying
substances does not apply to other compounds as some can be toxic.
2
 There are two common types of compounds based on their chemical bonding characteristics – Ionic
Compounds and Covalent Compounds.

What Is It
FORMATION OF IONIC COMPOUNDS AND COVALENT MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
Compounds are formed between the chemical combinations of two or more elements. To distinguish between
the types of compounds, one should first take note of the type of elements that are chemically combined.
Figure 2 shows the compounds formed based on the type of elements combined.

Figure 2: Compounds Formed Based on the Types of Elements Combined

To determine if an element is a metal, non-metal, and metalloid one should refer to their location in the
periodic table. Figure 3 shows the location of these three types of elements. The pink colors are the metals, the blue
ones are nonmetals and the green elements are the metalloids. As you can see, most elements are metals and placed
on the left side of the periodic table except for Hydrogen. On the right side are the nonmetals separated by a stair-like
barrier of elements which are the metalloids or semi-metals.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_Table_Of_Elements.svg
Figure3: Periodic Table of Elements showing the metals, nonmetals and metalloids

The Ionic Compounds

Based on Figure 2, Ionic compounds are formed between a metal and a nonmetal. The chemical
combination between the two types of elements results in the formation of ionic bonds between the atoms. Ionic
bonds are the electrostatic force of attraction that holds cations (positively charged atom) and anions (negatively
charged atoms) together. It is the bond from due to the transfer of electrons.
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) or table salt is an example of an ionic compound. It is the combination of Sodium (a
metal) and Chlorine (a nonmetal). Sodium becomes a cation (Na+) as it loses an electron and transfers to the chlorine
atom. Chlorine gaining the electron becomes an anion (Cl -) and eventually, an ionic bond is formed holding these ions
together.
Na= from group 1A; Cl= from group VIIA
The table below show examples https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:207_Ionic_Bonding-01.jpg
of ionic compounds and their uses.
Figureand
Table 1: Common Ionic Compounds 3: Ionic
theirBonding
Uses between Sodium and Chlorine 3
Ionic Compound Chemical Formula Importance and Uses
Potassium iodide KI Iodized salt is used for thyroid health.
An ingredient in toothpaste that helps prevent cavities and
Sodium fluoride NaF
tooth decay.
Baking soda; used in baking and as an antacid to reduce
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
stomach acid, treats indigestion and upset stomach.
Used as a cleaning agent, it is the component of soap and
Sodium hydroxide NaOH
detergents.
Used in making fireworks releasing the green-colored
Barium Chloride BaCl2
explosions.

The Covalent Molecular Compounds

Covalent molecular compounds or simply covalent compounds are substances that are formed from the
chemical combination of two or more nonmetallic elements. Based on Figure 2, it could be between a nonmetal and
another nonmetal, or a metalloid and a nonmetal. Table sugar or sucrose (C 12H22O11) is an example of a covalent
molecular compound. It is a combination of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
In a covalent compound, atoms of the different elements are held together in molecules by covalent bonds.
Unlike ionic bonds, in which electrons completely transfer from one atom to another, covalent bonds share their
valence electrons. The force of attraction between the shared electrons and the positive nuclei of both atoms holds
the atoms together in the molecule. A molecule is the smallest particle of a covalent compound that still has the
properties of the compound.
Figure 4 shows the sharing of electrons between Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms to form the water (H 2O)
molecule. This sharing of electrons results in a covalent bond between atoms.

https://brainly.in/question/6316008
Figure 4: Covalent bonding between H and O to form water molecule
There are millions of covalent molecular compounds most are formed by carbon and found in living things.
The smallest, simplest covalent compounds have molecules with just two atoms referred to as binary molecular
compounds.
Here are some examples of Covalent Molecular Compounds and their uses.
Table 2: Lists of Some Covalent Molecular Compounds and their Importance.
Covalent
Chemical
Molecular Importance and Uses
Formula
Compound
Methane CH4 An odorless, colorless gas used mainly as fuel to make heat and light.
Ammonia is used as a refrigerant gas, for purification of water supplies, and in the
Ammonia NH3 manufacture of plastics, explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes, and other
chemicals.
Ozone is a gas that occurs naturally in trace amounts in the stratosphere. It
Ozone O3 protects life on Earth from the harmful UV rays of the son. But this gas is toxic to
living organisms at ground level.
It is an essential gas for plant and animal processes – like photosynthesis and
respiration. But the excessive amount in the atmosphere is unsafe as it is a
Carbon
CO2 greenhouse gas.
dioxide
In the industry, carbon dioxide in liquid and solid form is used as a refrigerant, in
fire extinguishers.
One of the most important substances, perhaps in the universe. Water exists in
three states of matter and is essential to life processes, as our body needs water
for all cells, tissues, organs to help regulate body temperature and maintain bodily
Water H2O
functions.
It is also essential for daily and domestic use. Water also plays an important role in
the balance of the ecosystem.

Self-Check: Let us check your understanding. Identify which of the following compounds is ionic and covalent based
on the types of elements combined. Write Ionic if it is an ionic compound, otherwise, write covalent if it is a covalent
compound.
 Example:
Ionic 1.)Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Covalent 2.)Nitrogen monoxide (NO)
Take note that Sodium (Na) belongs to Nitrogen (N) is a nonmetal located at Group IVA
Group IA and is a metal, while chlorine is a nonmetal and Oxygen is also a nonmetal that belongs to Group VIA
that belongs to Group VIIA. Since it is a combination in the periodic table. Nitrogen oxide is a combination of
_______ 1) Carbon
of a metal and a dioxide
nonmetal(CO 2) it is ________
thus an ionic 5) Glucose (C6H12O6therefore,
nonmetals; ) _______
it 8) ionic
is not an Nitrogen Gas (N
compound. 2)
What is
_______
compound.2) Ferrous Sulfide (FeS) ________ 6) Potassium Iodide
this type (KI)
of compound? _______ 9) Sodium Hydroxide
(NaOH) 4
_______ 3) Aluminum chloride ________ 7) Barium Chloride _______ 10) Sucrose (C12H22O11)
(AlCl3) (BaCl2)
_______4) Water (H2O)

Table 3: Properties of Ionic and Covalent Molecular Compounds

PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS PROPERTIES OF COVALENT MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
 They Form Crystals  They have low melting points and boiling points
 They have a high melting point and boiling point  Most are soft and flexible
 They are hard and brittle  They are flammable
 They conduct electricity in aqueous solution  They are not conductors of electricity
 They are nonconductors of electricity in solid  They can be classified as polar or nonpolar
form molecules

PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS

1) Formation of Crystals
The ionic bond formed between the cation and anions is very strong. The ions are arranged in a regular,
geometric structure called crystal lattice. Different ionic compounds have different crystal forms. Naturally occurring
ionic crystals are found in rocks and minerals; they are mixed with transition metal elements to give rise to brilliant
colors

A B C
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File:Amethyst._Magaliesburg,_South_Africa.jpg commons/b/b1/Cinnabar-180777.jpg

Figure 5: A.) Rock Salt Crystals (Halite) B.) Amethyst crystals, a form of quartz (SiO 2), the iron ions mixed in
the crystal is responsible for the purple color C.) Cinnabar – a mercury sulfide (HgS) mineral and an ore of
mercury.
Have you seen these rocks and minerals around? Try to collect sample of rocks with crystals and compare their
similarities and differences, you may refer it to the pictures above as an example.

2) They Have High Melting Points and High Boiling Points

Ionic compounds have very high melting and boiling points. The ions in a crystal lattice are closely packed
together creating a strong electrostatic force of attraction between them. Figure 6 shows a small representative bit of
the crystal lattice of Sodium chloride. The more ions there are in a crystal structure the stronger the ionic bonds.
Therefore, a large amount of energy is required to overcome these bonds.
Table salt melts at 801 ˚C and boils at 1413˚C. Ceramics are made of ionic compounds and are effective heat
resistant and are suitable for cookware.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-chloride-3D-vdW.png
Figure 6: Crystal Lattice of Sodium Chloride

3) They are hard and brittle

Because of the strong electrostatic attraction between ions’ ionic compounds, therefore, they are hard and
difficult to separate. But ionic compounds can be also considered as brittle. For instance, when pressure or a
mechanical force is being applied like striking a hammer on the crystal, it will cause charges to move closer. This
result in electrostatic repulsion which will be enough to split the crystals.
4) They conduct electricity when dissolved in water
When ionic compounds are dissolved in water to
form an aqueous solution, the cations and anions are
dissociated or separated and are free to conduct
electricity through the solution. These ionic substances
that conduct electricity are referred as electrolytes.

The figure shows a simple electrolysis set-up, where two electrodes (positive and negative)
Figure 7: A are connected to
water
a light bulb and a source such as a battery. When an ionic compound (ex. Salt) is solution
dissolved in of ionicions break
water, the
out individually into cations and anions. These ions are then free to move. When compound
the electrodesthat are
conducts 5
dipped into the
electricity
salt solution, the cations flow into the negative electrode while the anions flow into the positive electrode causing
electricity to flow. This in turn lights the bulb.
Floodwaters contain many dissolved ionic compounds. One should be careful in case live wires come into contact
with floodwaters. You can get electrocuted.

1) They are nonconductors of electricity in solid form

Solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity, instead, these are good insulators. This is because the ions
are locked into its crystal lattice and ions cannot move out, so the solid cannot conduct electricity. Only ionic
compounds in liquid (molten) form or aqueous solutions are good electrical conductors.

What’s More
I. Crossword Puzzle: Complete the crossword by filling in a word that fits each clue.

1
I
2 3.
I S
N

4. 5.
B E
C

7.
A

10.C S

ACROSS DOWN
2.) Electrostatic force of attraction 1.) Results from the combination of metals and nonmetals
4.) Breakability 3.) Solid network of ions
6.) Charged atom 4.) Bringing a liquid to the temperature which it turns vapor
7.) negatively-charged atoms 5.) Ionic substances that conduct electricity
8.) Liquefied by heat
10.) Positively-charged atoms
What’s New?

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ https://www.wallpaperflare.com/flan-sweet-dessert-sugar-
File:1130Banana_cue_Street_vendors_02.jpg delicious-caramel-food-and-drink-wallpaper-wvrjr
Figure 8: Melted sugar (sucrose) in your delicious banana cue and leche flan

Take a look at the pictures above. Have you tried eating these foods? Can you describe each flavor? What do
you think is the common ingredients present in these foods?
6
Self-Activity II: Sugar Syrup
What you need:
• 5 tablespoons of sugar • Gas burner/Stove • Small Saucepan/
Casserole
• 1 Glass of Water • Wooden ladle
What to do:
1.) Mix sugar and water in the saucepan
2.) Turn on the stove/gas burner and heat the sugar mixture gently.
3.) Using the wooden ladle, constantly stir the mixture while heating
4.) Observe the time it takes for the sugar mixture to become sticky. Record the time.
5.) Put off the burner once the first sign of bubbles appears. Record the time.
6.) Transfer your sugar syrup in a clean bottle or cup.
Questions:
1.) How long did the sugar mixture turn sticky? _________________.
2.) How long did the mixture boil? ___________________________.
3.) Did the mixture boil fast or slow? _________________________.
4.) What do you think will happen to the syrup if you extend the time to heat it?
__________________________________.

Table sugar or sucrose (C12H22O11) is one of the common sugars that have many uses especially in the
culinary world.
In your activity, it only took a short time to melt and turn the sugar mixture into syrup. Extending the time to
heat the mixture will burn your syrup. This is because sugar is a covalent molecular compound and has low melting
and boiling point.

What Is It
Table 3 has shown the properties of both ionic and covalent molecular compounds. This time, you will
understand why covalent compounds possess the following properties.

PROPERTIES OF COVALENT MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

1) They have generally low melting points and boiling points
The covalent bonds between atoms are quite strong, but the intermolecular forces, the attraction between
molecules can be relatively weak. The addition of a small amount of energy separates these molecules easily.
Therefore, they have low melting and boiling points.
2) Most Covalent Compounds are soft and flexible
This is because covalent bonds are relatively flexible and easy to break, which causes molecular compounds
to form gasses, liquids, and soft solids at room temperature. However, there are exceptions, primarily when molecular
compounds assume crystalline form.
3) They are flammable
 Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than ionic compounds. Combustion is a reaction that
releases energy when the compound reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water. Many of these
molecular compounds that undergo combustion contain hydrogen and carbon atoms.
4) They are not conductors of electricity
Ionic compounds dissociate into ions when dissolving in water, ions are needed to conduct electricity. When
dissolved in water, covalent compounds separate into molecules rather than ions so, It is typically don’t conduct
electricity.
5) They can be classified as Polar and Nonpolar Molecules
Covalent Molecular
Compounds can be polar or
nonpolar. The polarity of molecules
results from the differences in the
electronegativity of the bonded
atoms.
Electronegativity (EN)is the
ability of an atom in a molecule to
attract shared electrons toward it.
Figure 9 shows the electronegativity
values of the elements in the periodic
table.

The greater the electronegativity of an atom the stronger is its ability to attract shared electrons towards itself
https://www.webassign.net/ncchem/electronegativity.html
and away from the less electronegative atom. The electrons are not shared equally
Figure 9: Electronegativity Values and part of
of Atoms ofthe molecule carries a7
Elements
partial positive charge(δ+) and the other part carries a slight negative charge(δ-) creating a dipole.
For instance, the covalent bonding between Hydrogen (H) and Fluorine (F). Fluorine has an EN = 4.0 while
Hydrogen has an EN = 2.1, thus fluorine is more electronegative than hydrogen and so the shared electrons spend
more time around the fluorine atom creating a partial negative charge. The arrow points to the slightly negative side of
the molecule. This kind of bonds is a polar covalent bond.

Figure 10: Unequal Sharing of Electrons Between H and F

When two identical atoms covalently bonded with each other like diatomic Hydrogen (H 2), there would be
equal sharing of electrons between the Hydrogen atoms. This type of bond is a nonpolar covalent bond form
nonpolar molecules.

Figure 11: Equal Sharing of Electrons between H atoms

To determine if the type of bond is polar or nonpolar, one has to consider the electronegativity difference
between the bonded atoms. The greater the difference, the more polar is the bond.
Table 4. Electronegativity Difference to Classify Bonds
Electronegativity Difference Bond Type
0 < 0.4 Nonpolar
0.5 – 1.9 Polar
>2.0 Ionic

Based on Table 4 the electronegativity difference between H-F bond is:

Combining Atoms H F
EN Values 2.1 4.0
Difference 1.9
Type of Bond Polar

Examples:
Combining Atoms H H Combining Atoms Na Cl
EN Values 2.1 2.1 EN Values 0.9 3.0
Difference 0 Difference 2.1
Type of Bond Nonpolar Type of Bond Ionic

If the difference in electronegativity is greater than or equal to 2.0, the electrons are completely transferred
instead of being shared. And an ionic bond would result rather than a covalent bond.

What’s More?
A. Calculate the electronegativity difference and give the kind of bond that exists between the atoms in each pair.
Type of Bond
(Ionic/Polar
Atoms EN Difference
Covalent/Nonpolar
Covalent)
1.) Ca and O
2.) Si and H
3.) O and F
4.) Br and H
5.) C and H

What I Have Learned 8

The following statements are the properties of ionic and covalent molecular compounds. Color the circle RED
if the property is an ionic compound, and BLUE if the property is a covalent molecular compound
1) Formed between nonmetallic elements
2) formed between a metal and a nonmetal elements
3) held by ionic bonds
4) held by covalent bonds
5) Relatively low melting and boiling points
6) Relatively high melting and boiling points
7) Good conductors of electricity in aqueous solutions
8) Insulators in solid form
9) Hard and brittle
10) Soft and flexible
11) Can be classified as polar and nonpolar
12) Consists of Cations and anions
13) There is a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another
14) There is sharing of valence electrons between atom
15) Flammable because of the presence of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Summary
 There are two common types of compounds based on their chemical bonding characteristics; these are ionic
compounds and covalent molecular compounds.
 Ionic compounds are formed between a metal and a nonmetal.
 The atoms in an ionic compound are held together by ionic bonds, in which there is a complete transfer of
electron from one atom to another.
 The physical properties of ionic compounds are as follows:
- They form crystals. - They are hard and brittle.
- They have high melting and boiling points. - They are good conductors of electricity when in
aqueous solutions.
 Covalent Molecular Compounds are formed from the chemical combination of two or more nonmetals. It could
also be between a metalloid and a nonmetal.
 The atoms in a covalent compound are held together by covalent bonds, in which the electrons are shared
between the atoms
 The following are the properties of covalent molecular compounds:
- They have low melting and boiling points. - They are flammable.
- Most of their solids are soft and flexible. - They are not conductors of electricity.
- With few exceptions to the rule in covalent bonding, - They can be polar and nonpolar molecules.
they form network solids like those of diamonds.
  Electronegativity is the ability of the atom to attract electrons. During covalent bonding some compounds do not
have the same electronegativity values in their bonded atoms, creating an unequal sharing of electrons between
atoms. The resulting compound is a polar covalent compound or polar molecule.
 When there is an equal sharing of electron between two atoms, the compound is said to nonpolar covalent
compounds.
 Examples of covalent molecular compounds are water, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, and most biological
compounds like carbohydrates and proteins.

Assessment: (Post-Test)
I. Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter of your answer and write it on the space provided
before the number.
_____ 1) It is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons
a. Polarity b. Ionic Bonding c. Chemical Bonding d. Electronegativity
_____ 2) What accounts for the polarity of compounds?
a. It is a result of the uneven partial charge distribution between various atoms in a compound.
b. The strength between covalent bonding causes molecules to have polar and nonpolar characteristics
c. Due to some exception, the sharing of electrons between atoms in covalent compounds results in a stable
balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms.
d. The structure of covalent compounds is unique that’s why they can be polar and nonpolar.
_____ 3) Which of the following explains the flammability of covalent molecular compounds?
a. Covalent molecular compounds share their electrons forming polar and nonpolar bonds
b. They contain carbon and hydrogen atoms that react readily with oxygen gas
c. Molecules easily react with heat-producing flames
d. Because they generally have low melting and boiling points and the addition of a small amount of energy
causes intermolecular attraction to break.
9
_____4) Which of the following compounds is covalent?
a. Sodium Hydroxide c. Barium chloride
b. Table sugar d. table salt
_____5) Which of the following example is ionic in nature?
a. CO2 b. H2O c. NaCl d. C12H22O11
_____ 6) Which type of compound results from the combination of metal and
nonmetal elements?
a. Ionic compounds c. Organic compounds
b. Covalent molecular compounds d. Acids and Bases
_____ 7) Which type of compounds results from the combination of two nonmetallic elements?
a. Ionic compounds c. Organic compounds
b. Covalent molecular compounds d. Acids and Bases
_____ 8) These are electrostatic forces of attraction that results from the complete transfer of electrons from one atom
to another.
a. Covalent bonds c. Metallic Bonds
b. Ionic bonds d. Polar and Nonpolar Bonds
_____9) All of the following describes ionic compounds except:
a. They form crystals. c. They are hard and brittle.
b. They have high melting and boiling points. d. It possesses polar and nonpolar characteristics.
_____10. Why are ionic compounds good conductors of electricity?
a. The strong electrostatic attraction between ions allows electricity to flow freely
b. Aqueous solutions of ionic compounds cause ions to dissociate and are free to conduct electricity.
c. Strong electrostatic attraction between crystal lattice of ionic compounds is strong which needs high
temperature to melt or boil these compounds.
d. Ionic compounds are electrical.
 SCIENCE 9- QUARTER 2, MODULE 3, WEEK 3: 10
PROPERTIES OF IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS
ANSWER SHEET

NAME: ___________________________________ GRADE & SECTION _______________________

What I know (Pre-Test)

1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. _____

Lesson 1: Self-Check: Let us check your understanding. Identify which of the following compounds is ionic and
covalent based on the types of elements combined. Write Ionic if it is an ionic compound, otherwise, write covalent
if it is a covalent compound.
_________ 1) Carbon dioxide (CO2) __________ 6) Potassium Iodide (KI)
_________ 2) Ferrous Sulfide (FeS) __________ 7) Barium Chloride (BaCl2)
_________ 3) Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) __________ 8) Nitrogen Gas (N2)
_________ 4) Water (H2O) __________ 9) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
_________ 5) Glucose (C6H12O6) __________ 10) Sucrose (C12H22O11)

Lesson 1: What’s More: I. Crossword Puzzle

1. ________________________________ 6. ___________________________________
2. ________________________________ 7. ___________________________________
3. ________________________________ 8. ___________________________________
4. ________________________________ 9. ___________________________________
5. ________________________________ 10. ___________________________________

Self-Activity II: Sugar Syrup

1. ______________________________________
2. ______________________________________
3. ______________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________

What’s More: Calculate the electronegativity difference and give the kind of bond that exists between
the atoms in each pair.
Type of Bond
Atoms EN Difference (Ionic/Polar Covalent/Nonpolar
Covalent)
1.) Ca and O
2.) Si and H
 3.) O and F
4.) Br and H
5.) C and H

What I Have Learned

The following statements are the properties of ionic and covalent molecular compounds. Color the circle
RED if the property is an ionic compound, and BLUE if the property is a covalent molecular compound
1) Formed between nonmetallic elements
2) formed between a metal and a nonmetal elements
3) held by ionic bonds
4) held by covalent bonds
5) Relatively low melting and boiling points
6) Relatively high melting and boiling points
7) Good conductors of electricity in aqueous solutions
8) Insulators in solid form
9) Hard and brittle
10) Soft and flexible
11) Can be classified as polar and nonpolar
12) Consists of Cations and anions
13) There is a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another
14) There is sharing of valence electrons between atom
15) Flammable because of the presence of carbon and hydrogen atoms

ASSESSMENT: (POST-TEST)
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. ____