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2023 Modern Alg Worksheet 7

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10 views

2023 Modern Alg Worksheet 7

Uploaded by

陳Jack
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Modern Algebra(I) Worksheet 7 Fall 2023 (J.-C.

Liu)

Free Modules
1. Let D be a division ring and let V be a vector space over D.

(1) Is V a free D-module?


(2) If X is a linearly independent subset of V , can we enlarge X to a basis for V ?
(3) If X is a subset of V that spans V over D, can we shrink X to a basis for V ?
(4) Is it true that any two bases of V have the same cardinality?

2. Let R be a ring with identity. What does it mean that R has the invariant dimension
property?

3. What rings have the invariant dimension property?

4. Study and prove Proposition 2.9.

5. Study the statement and the proof of Lemma 2.10.

6. Study and prove Proposition 2.11.

7. Study and prove Corollary 2.12.

8. If W is a subspace of a vector space V over a division ring D, what can we say about
dimD V , dimD W , and dimD (V /W )?

9. If f : V → V ′ is a linear transformation of vector spaces over a division D, then what can


we say about dimD V , dimD (Ker f ), dimD (Im f )?

10. If W and V are finite-dimensional subspaces of a vector space over a division ring D, then
what can we say about dimD V , dimD W , dimD (V ∩ W ), dimD (V + W )?

11. Study and prove Theorem 2.13.

12. Study and prove Corollary 2.14.

13. Study and prove Corollary 2.15.

14. (Exercise 2.4) Let R be a principal ideal domain and let A be a unitary R-module. Let
p ∈ R be a prime element. let pA = {pa | a ∈ A and A[p] = {a ∈ A | pa = 0}.

(a) Prove that R/(p) is a field.


(b) Prove that pA and A[p] are submodules of A.

(c) A/pA is a vector space over R/(p), with r + (p) (a + pA) = ra + pA.

(d) A[p] is a vector space over R/(p), with r + (p) a = ra.

15. (Exercise 2.6)

(a) Prove that dimR C = 2 and dimR R = 1.


(b) Prove that there is no field K such that R ⊊ K ⊊ C.

1
Modern Algebra(I) Worksheet 7 Fall 2023 (J.-C. Liu)

16. (Exercise 2.8) Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space and let m ∈ N. Consider the
vector space
V m := V ⊕ V ⊕ · · · ⊕ V (msummands).
Prove that V m is finite-dimensional and dim V m = m · dim V .

17. (Exercise 2.9) Let R be a ring with the invariant dimension property. Suppose F1 and F2
are free R-modules. Prove that F1 ⊕ F2 is free and rank(F1 ⊕ F2 ) = rank F1 + rank F2 .
L
18. (Exercise 2.13) Let K be a ring with identity and consider the free module F = i∈N K.
Then {e1 , e2 , . . .} = {ei | i ∈ N} is a basis for F .

(a) Prove that R = HomK (F, F ) is a ring.


(b) Let f1 and f1 be the homomorphism in R given by

f1 (e2n ) = en , f1 (e2n−1 ) = 0; f2 (e2n ) = 0, f2 (e2n−1 ) = en .

Prove that {f1 , f2 } is a basis for R as an R-module. [Hint: note that for any g ∈ R,

g = g1 f1 + g2 f2 , where g1 (en ) = g(e2n ) and g2 (en ) = g(e2n−1 ).]

(c) Find a basis for R as an R-module with 3 elements.


(d) For each n ∈ N, find a basis for R as an R-module with n elements.
(e) Why are we interested in this ring R?

19. (Exercise 2.14) Let f : V → V ′ be a linear transformation of finite-dimensional vector


spaces V and V ′ such that dim V = dim V ′ . Prove the following conditions are equivalent:
(i) f is an isomorphism; (ii) f is an epimorphism; (iii) f is a monomorphism.

20. Let D be a division ring.


f g
(a) Suppose 0 → V1 →− V2 → − V3 → 0 is an exact sequence of finite-dimensional vector
spaces over D. Prove that dim V2 = dim V1 + dim V3 .
f1 f2 f3 fn−1
(b) Suppose 0 → V1 − → V2 − → V3 − → · · · −−→ Vn → 0 is an exact sequence of finite-
Xn
dimensional vector spaces over D. Prove that (−1)i dim Vi = 0.
i=1

2
Modern Algebra(I) Worksheet 7 Fall 2023 (J.-C. Liu)

⋆ Practice Problems. For the remaining of this worksheet, R is a ring with identity and A is a
unitary R-module.

1. Let I be an ideal of R.

(a) What do the elements in IA look like?


(b) Prove that the scalar multiplication

(r + I)(a + IA) = ra + IA, ∀r + I ∈ R/I and ∀a + IA ∈ A/IA

is well-defined.
(c) Suppose α1 , α2 , α3 ∈ A generate A.
(1) Let β ∈ IA. Prove that there exist r1 , r2 , r3 ∈ I such that β = r1 α1 + r2 α2 + r3 α3 .
(2) Prove that as an R/I-module, A/IA is generated by α1 + IA, α2 + IA, α3 + IA.

2. Let I be an ideal of R with I ̸= R and let F be a free R-module. Suppose X = {x1 , x2 , x3 }


is a basis for F with |X| = 3.

(a) Prove that x1 + IF, x2 + IF, x3 + IF are all distinct.


(b) Prove that x1 + IF, x2 + IF, x3 + IF are linearly independent over R/I.
(c) Prove that {x1 + IF, x2 + IF, x3 + IF } is a basis for F/IF as an R/I-module.

3. Consider the polynomial ring R = Q[x, y] and consider the ideal I = {f x + gy | f, g ∈ R}


of R. Consider the free module F = R ⊕ R.

(a) Which of the following elements is/are contained in IF ?


(A) (2, x) (B) (x, 0) (C) (y, x) (D) (x, y + 1) (E) (2x, y)
(F) None of the above

(b) Let α ∈ F . Prove that there exist f1 , f2 , f3 , f4 ∈ R such that

α = f1 (x, 0) + f2 (0, x) + f3 (y, 0) + f4 (0, y).

f g
4. Let D be a division ring and suppose 0 → V1 → − V2 →− V3 → 0 is an exact sequence of
finite-dimensional vector spaces over D. Prove that dim V2 = dim V1 + dim V3 .
f g
5. Suppose 0 → A →− B→− C → 0 is a split exact sequence of R-modules. Then there exists
is an R-module homomorphism h : C → B such that gh = 1C . Prove that

B = f (A) + h(C) and f (A) ∩ h(C) = 0

i.e., B = f (A) ⊕ h(C) as an internal direct sum.

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