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Flow Through Pipes - Study Notes

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Flow Through Pipes - Study Notes

Uploaded by

rajesh jangra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flow through

pipes

FLUID MECHANICS

Copyright © 2014-2020 TestBook Edu Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: All rights reserved
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Flow through pipes

Pressure drop in pipe


 If the pipe is horizontal and of constant diameter than the energy loss will be
because of the pressure drop only

 Then pressure difference between two point in flow direction is given as


32VL
P1  P2 
D2
  Coefficient of dynamic viscosity
V  Velocity of flow

D = Diameter of the pipe

L = Distance between two points

Losses in pipe

Major losses

 It is due to the friction and constitute 95% of the total loss in the pipe

 Head loss due to the friction in pipe


fLV 2 fLQ 2
hf  
2gD 12D5
Q  Discharge through pipe = AV

A = Cross sectional area of the pipe

V Velocity of pipe

SSC JE MECHANICAL | Flow through pipes PAGE 2


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f Friction factor  4 f
'

f'  Fanning factor or coefficient of friction


64 , For laminar flow
f
Re
Re  Reynolds number
L Length of the pipe

D Diameter of the pipe

This formula is applicable for any orientation of the pipe i.e. horizontal, vertical,
inclined

Minor losses

(a) Loss of energy due to sudden enlargement,

V1 and V2 = velocity before enlargement and after enlargement respectively

A1 and A2 = Area before enlargement and after enlargement respectively

(b) Loss of energy due to sudden contraction,

, V2 = velocity after contraction

Also, → Use when Co-efficient of contraction (Cc) is given.

(c) Loss of energy at the entrance to a pipe,

, V = entry velocity

(d) Loss of energy at the exit from a pipe,

, V = exit velocity

(e) Loss of energy in bends & pipe fittings

, K is a coefficient for bends and pipe fittings

As the bend angle increases the bend coefficient (K) increases and hence the loss
increases.

SSC JE MECHANICAL | Flow through pipes PAGE 3


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As the radius of curvature of the bend increases the bend coefficient (K) decreases
and hence the loss decreases.

Pipes in series
 Total head loss (H) (Neglecting minor losses) =

 Discharge will be equal in all the pipe (Q1 = Q2 = Q3 =Q)

 Equivalent pipe (Dupuit’s equation),

hf  Head loss due to friction

Length of the corresponding pipes

D1 , D2 , D3  Diameter of the corresponding pipes


Le , De  Length and diameter of the equivalent pipe

Pipes in Parallel
 Two pipes are said to be in parallel if their start and finish point are same and the
head loss is same in both the pipe

Q  Q1  Q2

Q  Total Discharge

Q1 , Q2  Discharge through 1st and 2nd pipe respectively

hf  Frictional Head loss

SSC JE MECHANICAL | Flow through pipes PAGE 4


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 In the above case if cross sectional area are same for both the pipe then
discharge will be Q  Q  Q
1 2
2

If n pipes are connected in parallel and all pipes have same cross sectional
area then discharge in a single pipe will be Q
n

 Head loss in any pipe will be equal to the head loss in equivalent pipe

fLeQ 2 flQ 2

12De5 n212D 5

Le l
5
 2 5
De n D

Points to Remember
 To increases the discharge between any two points, pipes in parallel is used

Hydraulic grade line and Total energy


line
 Hydraulic grade line (HGL) is the line formed by joining the piezometric head
at various location in a fluid flow

 Total energy line (TEL) is the line formed by joining the total energy
at various location in a fluid flow

 The difference between TEL and HGL will give kinetic head

 Hydraulic grade line may fall but total energy will always fall until and unless
energy is provided from outside by some means (like pump)

SSC JE MECHANICAL | Flow through pipes PAGE 5


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Transmission of power through pipe

 P = ρgQ (H - hf)

P = Power required to continue the flow inside the pipe

H = Total head supplied at the entrance of the pipe

hf= Frictional head loss inside the pipe

 For maximum power transmission,

, where

hf = H/3

 (Efficiency of power transmission) 66.67%

SSC JE MECHANICAL | Flow through pipes PAGE 6

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