FUNCTIONS AND

IMPORTANCE OF
EDUCATION IN
THE SOCIETY

Understanding Culture, Society & Politics

WHAT IS EDUCATION?
 Do you think that schools, or academic
institution and education itself is part of a
society? Why and how?
FUNCTIONS AND
IMPORTANCE OF
EDUCATION IN
THE SOCIETY

Understanding Culture, Society & Politics

 DEFINITION OF EDUCATION

Education is the social institution through which

society provides its members with important
knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and
cultural norms and values (Macionis, 2012).
Education is the acquisition of knowledge, habits,
skills, and abilities through instruction and training
or through self-activity.
 EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the

Department of Education, commonly referred to as the DepEd. It
controls the Philippine educational system, including the
creation and implementation of the curriculum and the utilization
of funds allotted by the national government. It also manages
the construction of schools, acquisition of books and other
school materials, and the recruitment of teachers and staff.
 EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Before the Philippines attained independence in 1946, the

country’s education system was patterned after the educational
systems of Spain and the United States. The Philippines, with
exemption to other parts of the country, were under Spanish rule
for more than three hundred years while the Americans stayed
for forty-eight years.
 EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Spanish
• inculcated moral and religious values
• “social standing and prestige.”

Americans
• focused on the development of new social patterns that
would prepare the nation for a self-governing democracy.
 EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Today, the government of the Philippines has been

very active in tapping the educational system for the
country’s development efforts. With the adaptation of
the K to 12 programs, it is hoped that Philippine
Educational System is now responding to the
demands of the economy for national development.
 TYPES OF EDUCATION
01 02 03
Formal Non-formal Informal
education education education
 TYPES OF EDUCATION
01 02 03
Formal Non-formal Informal
education education education
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
 FORMAL EDUCATION
This refers to the hierarchically structured,
chronologically graded educational system from primary
school to the university, including programs and
institutions for full time technical and vocational training.
At the end of each level, the learners must obtain
certification in order to enter or advance to the next
level.
 FORMAL EDUCATION
Usually takes placed in a classroom setting
and provided by trained teaching and
nonteaching staff.
 FORMAL EDUCATION
a. Elementary Education
Elementary education involves compulsory, formal education
primarily concerned with providing basic education, and usually
corresponds to a traditional six grades or seven grades, and in
addition, to preschool programs. Such preschool education
normally consists of kindergarten schooling but may cover other
preparatory courses as well.
 FORMAL EDUCATION
b. Secondary Education
Secondary education, public schools and private schools, is
concerned primarily with continuing basic education of the
elementary level and expanding it to include the learning of
employable, gainful skills, usually corresponding to four years of
junior high school and two years of senior high school.
 FORMAL EDUCATION
c. Tertiary Education
Institutions of higher education may be classified as either public
or private college or university, and public institutions of higher
education may further be subdivided into two types:
• state universities and colleges
• local colleges and universities
• private universities and colleges
 FORMAL EDUCATION
d. Vocational Education
Accredited institutions offer technical and vocational
education. Programs offered vary in duration from a few
weeks to two years
 FORMAL EDUCATION
Tri focalization of Education
From the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports. The
agency restructured to focus on levels of education and address
specific needs.
• DepEd
• CHED
• TESDA
 Special Education

Special Education refers to the education of persons who are

physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, or culturally different
from so called “normal” individuals, such that they require
modification of school practices to develop their potential.
Special education provides distinct services, curricula, and
instructional materials geared to pupils or students who are
significantly higher or lower than the average or norm.
 FORMAL EDUCATION
Advantages
• An organized educational model and up to date course
contents.
• Structured and systematic learning process.
• Institutions are managerially and physically organized.
• Leads to a formally recognized certificate.
 FORMAL EDUCATION
Disadvantages
• Costly and rigid education as compared to other forms of
learning
 TYPES OF EDUCATION
01 02 03
Formal Non-formal Informal
education education education
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

An organized educational activity that takes placed outside

a formal set up. It has no age-limit, even adults can take
part in a nonformal education program. One example for
this is the Alternative Learning System (ALS) of the
Department of Education.
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

Includes adult basic education, adult literacy

education or school equivalency preparation. In
nonformal education, someone (who is not in
school) can learn literacy, other basic skills or
job skills.
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

Home education, individualized instruction

(such as programmed learning), distance
learning and computer-assisted instruction are
other possibilities.
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

As a concept, non-formal education emerged in response

to the world crisis in education identified by Philip H.
Coombs in 1967, who argued that the formal education
system have failed to address the changing dynamics of
the environment and the societies.
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

Non-formal education is imparted consciously

and deliberately and systematically
implemented. It should be organized for a
homogeneous group.
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

Non-form, education should be programmed to

serve the needs of the identified group.
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

Examples
•ALS (Alternative Learning System)
•Fitness programs
•Community-based adult education courses
•Free courses for adult education developed by some
organization
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
Advantages
• Naturally growing minds that do not wait for the system to
amend.
• Literacy with skill-fulness growth in which self-learning is
appreciated.
• Flexibility in age, curriculum and time.
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
Disadvantages
• Attendance of participants is unsteady.
• Basic reading and writing skills are crucial to learn
 TYPES OF
EDUCATION
01 02 03
Formal Non-formal Informal
education education education
 INFORMAL EDUCATION

It offers alternative learning opportunities for the out of school

youth and adults specifically those who are 15 years old and
above and unable to avail themselves of the educational
services and programs of formal education. It reaches out to
citizens of varied interests, demographic characteristics, and
socioeconomic origins and status. Its primary objective is to
provide literacy programs to eradicate illiteracy.
 INFORMAL EDUCATION

There is no set curriculum required. Informal

education consists of experiences and actually
living in the family or community.
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
Advantages
• More naturally learning process as you can learn at
anywhere and at any time from your daily experience.
• Utilizes a variety of techniques.
• No specific time span.
• Less costly and time-efficient learning process.
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
Disadvantages
• Utilized techniques may not be appropriate.
• No proper schedule/time span.
• Unpredictable results
 QUESTION
As a student, what are your insight
about Philippine education?
Functions of
Education
in the
Society
 Give training in specific skills; or the
basic general education literacy
Functions
Prepare individuals for job
of
Preserving culture from generation to
Education generation

in the Encouraging democratic participation

through verbal skills
Society Develop the person’s ability to think
logically
 Enriching life by enabling the students to expand
Functions his/her intellectual and aesthetic horizons

Improving personal adjustment through personal

of counselling

Education Improving the health of the nation’s youth

in the Producing nationalistic citizens

Society Build personal character

Functions of
Education in the
Society
The two most important goals of education for the
individual and society are productive citizenry and
self-actualization.
 Productive citizenry
refers to an idea that a
Productive
Citizenry citizen can create
opportunities to
become productive.
 Self-actualization refers to a
desire for self-fulfillment. If
an individual’s self-
Self- fulfillment is through
achieving his dreams and
Actualization aspirations in life, once
these are achieved, he
reaches the level of self-
actualization.
Pedagogy of
the
Oppressed
Paulo Freire
 The Universal Declaration of Human
Rights states that everyone has the
right to education. Education has to be
Education as a Human free and compulsory at least in the
Right primary level, higher education and
technical-vocational education should
be made generally available.
 1. Everyone has the right to
education. Education shall be
free, at least in the elementary
and fundamental stages.
Elementary education shall be
Article 26 compulsory. Technical and
professional education shall
be made generally available
and higher education shall be
equally accessible to all on the
basis of merit.
 2. Education shall be directed to
the full development of the
human personality and to the
strengthening of respect for
human rights and fundamental
freedoms. It shall promote
Article 26
understanding, tolerance and
friendship among all nations,
racial or religious groups, and
shall further the activities of
the United Nations for the
maintenance of peace.
 3. Parents have a prior
right to choose the kind
Article 26 of education that shall
be given to their
children.
 In the statement of United Nations Educational,
Education as a Human Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO),
education is a fundamental human right and
Right essential for the exercise of all other human rights.
It promotes individual freedom and empowerment
and yields important development benefits.
 Education as a Human Right

Education is a powerful
Hence in the Philippines,
tool by which economically
primary education is
and socially marginalized
considered a right of a
adults and children can lift
child. It is enshrined in the
themselves out of poverty
1987 Philippine
and participate fully as
Constitution.
citizens.
 1987 Section 1: The State shall
protect and promote the
Constitution right of all citizens to
(Article 14) quality education at all
levels and shall take
appropriate steps to
make such education
accessible to all.
Pause Time
As a student, what are your insight about
Philippine education?
Pedagogy of
the
Oppressed
Paulo Freire