CASE STUDY

CONVERSION OF UNLISTED COMPANY TO LLP

1. AS PER THE PROVISIONS OF LLP ACT, 2008

In India, formation, registration, and regulation of an LLP is exclusively governed

and controlled by the rules, provisions, and regulations provided in the LLP Act
of 2008 and the LLP Rules of 2009.

The LLP Act, 2008 deals with conversion of Unlisted Public Company to
Limited Liability Partnership.

According to the Fourth Schedule of LLP Act, 2008, “conversion” means,

1. (b) “"convert", in relation to a company converting into

a limited liability partnership, means a transfer of the
property, assets, interests, rights, privileges,
liabilities, obligations and the undertaking of the
company to the limited liability partnership in
accordance with the provisions of this Schedule;”

The extract of Fourth Schedule is annexed as per Annexure I.

1.1 Eligibility for conversion:

A company may apply to convert into a limited liability partnership in accordance

with the provisions of this Schedule if and only if:

(a) there is no security interest in its assets subsisting or in force at the time of
application; and

(b) the partners of the limited liability partnership to which it converts comprise
all the shareholders of the company and no one else.
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1.2 Summarization of steps for Conversion of Company into LLP:

S. NO. PARTICULARS REQUIREMENT

1. Call Board Meeting- to change name

-ending with word LLP

2. File form for name approval with e-form-RUN

work ROC

3. ROC issue name approval certificate

4. Incorporation documents with File e-form-FiLLiP

Registrar

5. Application of Conversion e-form-18

6. LLP Agreement- within 30 days of e-form-3

approval of above forms

A step by step procedure for compliances to be followed for conversion of

Company to LLP is annexed as per Annexure II.

1.3 After the Conversion into LLP:

1. All the tangible and intangible property, all assets, interests, rights
privileges, liabilities, obligations relating to company and the whole
of the undertaking of the company shall be transferred to the LLP.

2. The company shall be deemed to be dissolved and removed from the

records of registrar of Companies.
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3. All proceedings by or against the company which are pending in any court
or Tribunal or before an authority on the date of registration may be
continued, completed and enforced by or against LLP.

4. Any continuance of conviction, ruling, order or judgement of any

Court, Tribunal or other authority in favour of or against the company may
be enforced by or against the LLP.

5. Every agreement, to which the company was a party immediately before

the date of registration, shall have effect as from that date as if the LLP
were a party to such an agreement instead of the company.

6. All deeds, contracts, schemes, bonds, agreements, applications,

instruments and arrangements pending/existing immediately before the
date of registration of the company or to which the company is a party,
shall continue in force on and after that date as if they relate to the LLP.

7. Every contract of employment shall continue on or after the date of

registration as if the LLP was the employer instead of the company.

8. The LLP shall ensure that for a period of twelve months commencing not
later than fourteen days after the date of registration, every official
correspondence of the LLP bears the following, namely:

(a) a statement that, it has converted from a company into a LLP from date
of registration

(b) the name and registration number of the company from which it was
converted.

1.4 Event based and subsequent compliances of LLP are annexed as per
Annexure III.

1.5 Benefits of LLP as compared to Corporate Form are annexed as per

Annexure IV.
1.6 Comparative chart of compliances to be made by a Company and LLP is
annexed as per Annexure V.
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2. AS PER THE PROVISIONS OF THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961

2.1 Section 47(xiiib) of the Income Tax Act, 1961: Transactions not
regarded as “transfer”:

If the following conditions are satisfied, then the transfer of capital asset or
intangible asset to LLP or any transfer of share or shares held in Company by
a shareholder on conversion of Company into LLP shall not be regarded as
transfer:

S. No. Condition

1. Turnover Limit The Total sales, turnover or gross

receipts in business of the Company do
not exceed Sixty Lakhs rupees in any of
the three previous years preceding
previous year in which conversion takes
place.

2. All the All the shareholders of the Company

shareholders of become partners of the LLP in the same
Company become proportion as their shareholding in the
the partners of the Company.
LLP

3. Capital The Capital Contribution and Profit-

Contribution and Sharing ratio of the shareholders of
Profit-Sharing Company should be in the same
Ratio on proportion as their shareholding in the
Conversion. Company as on the date of Conversion.

4. No other No consideration other than share in

consideration to profit and capital contribution in the LLP
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partners. arises to partners.

5. Profit Sharing The aggregate of the profit sharing ratio of

Ratio after the shareholders of the company in the
conversion LLP shall not be less than fifty per cent
at any time during the period of five years
from the date of conversion.

6. Assets and All assets and liabilities of the Company

Liabilities become the assets and liabilities of the
LLP.

7. Total value of The total value of the assets as

Assets appearing in the books of account of the
company in any of the three previous
years preceding the previous year in which
the conversion takes place does not
exceed five crore rupees.

8. Accumulated No amount is paid, either directly or

Profit (Reserve) indirectly, to any partner out of the
accumulated profit of the Company for a
period of 3 years from the date of
conversion.

Extract of Section 47(xiiib) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 is annexed as per
Annexure VI.

2.2 If all the above conditions are complied with, the conversion shall not
attract capital gains tax either for the Company or the Successor LLP
or for the shareholders of the Company, who become the partner in
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the successor LLP and get share of profits and capital in the LLP in lieu of
their shares in the Company.

2.3 If any of the above conditions is not complied with, then as per provisions
of Section 47A(4) such transfer of Capital Assets & Intangible assets
deemed to be liable to Capital gains of the successor LLP or the
Shareholders of the predecessor Company in the previous year in which
such non-compliance took place. The extract of such section is provided as
under:

S.47A(4) “Where any of the conditions laid down in

the proviso to clause (xiiib) of section 47 are not
complied with, the amount of profits or gains arising
from the transfer of such capital asset or intangible
assets or share or shares not charged under section
45 by virtue of conditions laid down in the said
proviso shall be deemed to be the profits and gains
chargeable to tax of the successor limited liability
partnership or the shareholder of the predecessor
company, as the case may be, for the previous year
in which the requirements of the said proviso are not
complied with.”

2.4 Other relevant points

a) Cost of acquisition & improvement: As per Section 49(1)(e) of

the Income Tax Act, 1961

Cost of acquisition of the asset: It shall be deemed to be the cost of

acquisition of Predecessor Company

Cost of Improvement: Any cost incurred on improvement of the assets

by predecessor company and LLP shall be the cost of improvement.

b) Period of holding of asset: As per Section 2(42A)(b), for the purpose

of determining period of holding of capital asset for determining nature
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of capital gain, period for which the asset was held by predecessor
company shall be included.

c) Set-Off and Carry-Forward of losses: As per section 72A (6A),

accumulated loss under head business/profession and the unabsorbed
depreciation of the predecessor company, shall be deemed to be the loss
or allowance for depreciation of the successor LLP of the year in which
conversion takes place.

However, if any of the aforementioned conditions u/s 47(xiiib) are not

complied with, the set off of loss or allowance of depreciation made in
any previous year by LLP, shall be deemed to be the income of the
LLP chargeable to tax in the year in which such conditions are not
complied with.

d) MAT Credit: LLP doesn’t have the concept of MAT. LLP have the
concept of AMT (Alternate Minimum Tax). Therefore, the succeeding
LLP will not be allowed the credit of MAT paid by the preceding
Company.

e) Unabsorbed Depreciation and Accumulated Loss not carried

over if, all the conditions in clause (xiiib) of section 47 are not satisfied.
 CASE STUDY

3. AS PER THE PROVISIONS OF GOODS AND SERVICE TAX, 2017

The conversion of the company to LLP will lead to change in the Permanent
account Number hence this conversion will be read as transfer of business in
GST provisions. Following is our opinion in accordance with the GST Law on
each and every aspect taking into consideration the conversion taking place of
an Unlisted Public Company to a Limited Liability Partnership:

3.1 Registration:

Where a change in the constitution of any business results in the change

of the Permanent Account Number of a registered person, the said person
shall apply for fresh registration in FORM GST REG-01.

3.2 Transfer of assets & liabilities whether supply or not:

i) In accordance with Schedule II Para 4(c) such a transfer is a supply
but GST law is silent whether it will be classified as Goods or
Services as transfer of business is not an itemized sale but a sale as
going concern.

ii) However, transfer of a going concern, as a whole or an independent

part thereof, is an exempted service in terms of Notification
12/2017-Central Tax (Rate) dated 28.06.2017.

3.3 Liability:

i) Liability arising prior to transfer: Both transferor and

transferee will be jointly and severally liable for payment of
taxes, interest or penalty due upto the time of transfer of business
even if such amounts were determined and become due after the
transfer of business.
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Please note that only ‘payment’ of dues (tax, interest and penalty) is
joint-and-several with transferee but the process will only be
against transferor.

ii) Liability arising post transfer: ‘Recovery’ of liability in respect of

tax, interest and / or penalty which may be determined subsequent
to transfer and which relates to that period will be the liability of
the transferee of business.

3.4 Input tax Credit:

i) A registered person shall, in the event of transfer of business for any

reason, furnish the details of transfer of business, in FORM GST
ITC-02, electronically on the common portal along with a request for
transfer of unutilized input tax credit lying in his electronic credit
ledger to the transferee. This section benefit is available only in
case of all business liabilities are transferred to the transferee.

ii) The transferor shall also submit a copy of a certificate issued by a

practicing chartered accountant or cost accountant certifying that
the transfer of business has been done with a specific provision
for the transfer of liabilities.

iii) The transferee shall, on the common portal, accept the details so
furnished by the transferor and, upon such acceptance, the un-
utilized credit specified in FORM GST ITC- 02 shall be credited to his
electronic credit ledger.

iv) The inputs and capital goods so transferred shall be duly

accounted for by the transferee in his books of account.
 CASE STUDY

Annexure I

THE FOURTH SCHEDULE

(See section 57)

CONVERSION FROM UNLISTED PUBLIC COMPANY INTO LIMITED LIABILITY

PARTNERSHIP

1. Interpretation.— (1) In this Schedule, unless the context otherwise requires,—

(a) "company" means an unlisted public company;
(b) "convert", in relation to a company converting into a limited liability partnership,
means a transfer of the property, assets, interests, rights, privileges, liabilities, obligations
and the undertaking of the company to the limited liability partnership in accordance with
the provisions of this Schedule;
(c) "listed company" means a listed company as defined in the Securities Exchange
Board of India (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000 issued by the
Securities and Exchange Board of India under section 11 of the Securities and Exchange
Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992);
(d) "unlisted public company" means a company which is not a listed company.
2. Conversion of company into a limited liability partnership.—(1) A company may
convert into a limited liability partnership by complying with the requirements as to the
conversion set out in this Schedule.
(2) Upon such conversion, the company, its shareholders, the limited liability partnership
into which the company has converted and the partners of that limited liability partnership
shall be bound by the provisions of this Schedule that are applicable to them.
3. Eligibility for conversion.—A company may apply to convert into a limited liability
partnership in accordance with the provisions of this Schedule if and only if—
(a) there is no security interest in its assets subsisting or in force at the time of
application; and
(b) the partners of the limited liability partnership to which it converts comprise all the
shareholders of the company and no one else.
4. Statements to be filed.—A company may apply to convert into a limited liability
partnership by filing with the Registrar—
(a) a statement by all its shareholders in such form and manner to be accompanied by
such fee as the Central Government may prescribe containing the following particulars,
namely:—
(i) the name and registration number of the company;
(ii) the date on which the company was incorporated; and
(b) incorporation document and statement referred to in section 11.
5. Registration of conversion.—On receiving the documents referred to in paragraph 4,
the Registrar shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, and the rules made thereunder,
register the documents and issue a certificate of registration in such form as the Registrar may
determine stating that the limited liability partnership is, on and from the date specified in the
certificate, registered under this Act:
Provided that the limited liability partnership shall, within fifteen days of the date of
registration, inform the concerned Registrar of Companies with which it was registered under
the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) about the conversion and of the
particulars of the limited liability partnership in such form and manner as the Central
Government may prescribe.
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6. Registrar may refuse to register.—(1) Nothing in this Schedule shall be construed as to

require the Registrar to register any limited liability partnership if he is not satisfied with the
particulars or other information furnished under the provisions of this Act:
Provided that an appeal may be made before the Tribunal in case of refusal of registration
by the Registrar.
(2) The Registrar may, in any particular case, require the documents referred to in
paragraph 4 to be verified in such manner, as he considers fit.
7. Effect of registration.—On and from the date of registration specified in the certificate
of registration issued under paragraph 5—
(a) there shall be a limited liability partnership by the name specified in the certificate
of registration registered under this Act;
(b) all tangible (movable or immovable) and intangible property vested in the company,
all assets, interests, rights, privileges, liabilities, obligations relating to the company and
the whole of the undertaking of the company shall be transferred to and shall vest in the
limited liability partnership without further assurance, act or deed; and
(c) the company shall be deemed to be dissolved and removed from the records of the
Registrar of Companies.
8. Registration in relation to property.—If any property to which clause (b) of paragraph
7 applies is registered with any authority, the limited liability partnership shall, as soon as
practicable, after the date of registration, take all necessary steps as required by the relevant
authority to notify the authority of the conversion and of the particulars of the limited liability
partnership in such form and manner as the authority may determine.
9. Pending proceedings.—All proceedings by or against the company which are pending in
any Court or Tribunal or before an authority on the date of registration may be continued,
completed and enforced by or against the limited liability partnership.
10. Continuance of conviction, ruling, order or judgment.—Any conviction, ruling, order
or judgment of any Court, Tribunal or other authority in favour of or against the company may
be enforced by or against the limited liability partnership.
11. Existing agreements.—Every agreement to which the company was a party
immediately before the date of registration, whether or not of such nature that the rights and
liabilities thereunder could be assigned, shall have effect as from that date as if—
(a) the limited liability partnership were a party to such an agreement instead of the
company; and
(b) for any reference to the company, there were substituted in respect of anything to be
done on or after the date of registration a reference to the limited liability partnership.
12. Existing contracts, etc.—All deeds, contracts, schemes, bonds, agreements,
applications, instruments and arrangements subsisting immediately before the date of
registration relating to the company or to which the company is a party shall continue in force
on and after that date as if they relate to the limited liability partnership and shall be
enforceable by or against the limited liability partnership as if the limited liability partnership
were named therein or were a party thereto instead of the company.
13. Continuance of employment.—Every contract of employment to which paragraph 11
or paragraph 12 applies shall continue in force on or after the date of registration as if the
limited liability partnership were the employer thereunder instead of the company.
14. Existing appointment, authority or power.—(1) Every appointment of the company in
any role or capacity which is in force immediately before the date of registration shall take
effect and operate from that date as if the limited liability partnership were appointed.
(2) Any authority or power conferred on the company which is in force immediately before
the date of registration shall take effect and operate from that date as if it were conferred on the
limited liability partnership.
15. Application of paragraphs 7 to 14.—The provisions of paragraphs 7 to 14 (both
 CASE STUDY
inclusive) shall apply to any approval, permit or licence issued to the company under any other
Act which is in force immediately before the date of registration of the limited liability
partnership, subject to the provisions of such other Act under which such approval, permit or
licence has been issued.
16. Notice of conversion in correspondence.—(1) The limited liability partnership shall
ensure that for a period of twelve months commencing not later than fourteen days after
the date of registration, every official correspondence of the limited liability partnership
bears the following, namely:—
(a) a statement that it was, as from the date of registration, converted from a company
into a limited liability partnership; and
(b) the name and registration number of the company from which it was converted.
(2) Any limited liability partnership which contravenes the provisions of sub-paragraph (1)
shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees but which may
extend to one lakh rupees and with a further fine which shall not be less than fifty rupees but
which may extend to five hundred rupees for every day after the first day after which the
default continues.
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Annexure II

Process or Compliances to be made for conversion of Company to LLP

(a) Board Meeting:

 Call meeting of Board of Directors.

 Pass Resolution for Conversion of Company into LLP.
 Pass Resolution to authorize any director to apply for Name of LLP.

(b) Application for name availability:

 File e-form RUN with ROC.

 Attachments: Board Resolution passed by the Company approving

the conversion into LLP shall be attached with the aforesaid form.

(c) Obtain name approval from ROC.

(d) Drafting of Limited Liability Partnership Agreement:

Contents of Agreement should be:

 Name of LLP
 Name of Partners & Designated Partners
 Form of contribution
 Profit Sharing ratio
 Rights & Duties of Partners
 Proposed Business
 Rules for governing the LLP

(e) Filing of Incorporation documents:

File E-Form-FiLLiP with ROC along with following attachments:

 Proof of Address of Registered office of LLP.

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 NOC for using place as registered office.

 Subscription sheet signed by the promoters.

 Detail of LLP(s) and/ or Company(s) in which partner/ designated

partner is a director/ partner

 Consent of Designated Partners in form-9.

(f) Filing of application for conversion:

File e-form 18 with ROC along with following attachment:

 List of shareholders.

 Incorporation Documents & Subscribers statements in Form 2 filed

electronically.

 Statement of Assets and Liabilities of the Company duly certified

as true and correct by the auditor.

 List of all the Secured creditors along with their consent to the
conversion in form of NOC.

 Approval of the governing council (In case of professional private

limited companies)

 NOC from Income Tax authorities and Copy of acknowledgement

of latest income tax return.

 Approval from any other body/authority as may be required.

 Particulars of pending proceedings from any court/Tribunal etc.

 Copy of Latest ITR.

 Declaration by Designated Partner

(g) After all formalities and filings been complied with by the applicants and
approved by the Ministry, Registrar of LLP to issue a Certificate of
 CASE STUDY

Registration in form no. 19 as to conversion of the LLP. The Certificate of

Registration issued shall be the conclusive evidence of conversion of the
LLP.

(h) Filing of e-Form 3:

This form provides information in respect to the LLP Agreement entered into
between the partners.

Attachment: LLP Agreement

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Annexure III

1. Event Based Compliance by LLP:

COMPLIANCE SECTION E-FORM TIME LIMIT

Filing of Consent of 7(3) Form 4 Within 30 days of

Designated Partners incorporation or
subsequent
appointments

Filing of Change in 25(2) Form 3 Within 30 days of Change

Partners and Form 4

LLP Agreement & 23(2) Form 3 Within 30 days of

Changes therein incorporation or Changes
in LLP Agreement

Shifting of Registered 13(3) Form 15 Within 30 days of

Office Compliance

Change of Name 19 Form 5 Within 30 days of

Compliance.
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2. Subsequent compliances:

Compliance e-form Time Limit

Filing of Statements of Form-8 Within 30 days from the end

Accounts & Solvency of 6 months from the closure
of Financial Year

Filing of Annual Return Form-11 Within 60 Days of closure of

Financial Year
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Annexure IV

BENEFITS OF LLP AS COMPARED TO CORPORATE FORM:

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Particulars LLP Private Company

Members Minimum 2 Partners Minimum 2 Members,

Maximum 200 Members

Liability Limited, Except in case of Limited Liability

Fraud and wrongful Act

Forms to be filled Regular- Regular-

E-form-8 & E-form-11 MGT-14 (two times), 23AC,
23ACA, 20B, GNL-2

Transfer/ Transfer, but transferee By court order, once the

Inheritance of may not have the company have been wound
Shares management right up

Easy to Form, Run No Minimum Capital Minimum Capital for

and manage requirement for Incorporation of Private
Incorporation Limited Company is Rs.
1,00,000/- and for Public
Limited Company is Rs.
5,00,000/-

Requirement as to No such Requirement. It is must to maintain

maintenance of statutory records as per
Statutory Records Companies Act-2013.

Audit of Accounts Required only if turnover Audit is Compulsory.

is above 40 lakhs or
Contribution more than
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25 lakhs.

Objects LLP agreement. Memorandum of

Association and Article of
Association of Company.
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Annexure V

Comparative chart of compliances to be made by a Company and LLP

Particulars LLP Private Company

Maintenance of No such registers are Many registers are required

Statutory Records required to be to be maintained under
maintained Company as per Companies
Act- 2013

Addition or Required to amend LLP Required to Pass Resolution

Deletion of Agreement and File e- in General Meeting, File e-
Directors form- 3 & e-form-4. form-DIR-12 and require
many documents from the
person who is appointed as
Director. (As per Section-
152 of Companies Act-
2013.)

Change in Required to amend LLP There is a Complete lengthy

Registered Office Agreement and File e- process for change in
form Form-15 registered office of Company
as Per Section-13 of
Companies Act-2013

Increase in Capital Only required to amend Required to Pass Ordinary

LLP Agreement and File resolution in General
e-form Form-3. Meeting and file form SH-7.

Annually form Only Two annual form There are many forms
filling requirement E-form- 8 and E-form-23AC, 23ACA
E-form-11 E-form- 20B, E-form- MGT-
14.
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E-form-ADT-1

Disclosure of No such requirement Required to Take disclosure

Interest from director under Section-
184(1) and to file form-
MGT-14.

Convening of No such requirement Required to hold Meetings

Meetings as per Section- 173. (At
least Two Board Meetings
and one Annual General
Meeting for Small Company
and At least four Board
Meetings and One Annual
General Meeting for other
than Small Company).

Audit of Accounts Require only if Turnover Audit is Compulsory.

above 40 lakhs or
Contribution more than
25 lakhs.

Loans & As per LLP Agreement. There is Cap for Loans and
borrowings No other requirements Borrowings as per section
179 & 180, Required to hold
Board Meeting and file form
with ROC.

Deposits No such condition. Loan from other than

director is covered under
deposit as per definition of
Deposit under Companies
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Act-2013.

Related Party No Restrictions Transactions to be at arm’s

Transactions length price only and as per
provisions of Section-188 of
Companies Act-2013.
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Annexure VI

Section 47(xiiib) any transfer of a capital asset or intangible asset by a

private company or unlisted public company (hereafter in this clause
referred to as the company) to a limited liability partnership or any
transfer of a share or shares held in the company by a shareholder as
a result of conversion of the company into a limited liability partnership
in accordance with the provisions of section 56 or section 57 of the
Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 (6 of 2009):

Provided that—

(a) all the assets and liabilities of the company immediately before the
conversion become the assets and liabilities of the limited liability
partnership;

(b) all the shareholders of the company immediately before the

conversion become the partners of the limited liability partnership
and their capital contribution and profit sharing ratio in the limited
liability partnership are in the same proportion as their
shareholding in the company on the date of conversion;

(c) the shareholders of the company do not receive any consideration

or benefit, directly or indirectly, in any form or manner, other than
by way of share in profit and capital contribution in the limited
liability partnership;

(d) the aggregate of the profit sharing ratio of the shareholders of the
company in the limited liability partnership shall not be less than
fifty per cent at any time during the period of five years from the
date of conversion;

(e) the total sales, turnover or gross receipts in the business of the
company in any of the three previous years preceding the previous
year in which the conversion takes place does not exceed sixty
lakh rupees;

(ea) the total value of the assets as appearing in the books of account
of the company in any of the three previous years preceding the
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previous year in which the conversion takes place does not exceed
five crore rupees; and

(f) no amount is paid, either directly or indirectly, to any partner out

of balance of accumulated profit standing in the accounts of the
company on the date of conversion for a period of three years from
the date of conversion.

Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the expressions "private

company" and "unlisted public company" shall have the meanings
respectively assigned to them in the Limited Liability Partnership Act,
2008 (6 of 2009);