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Week 3 INTRODUCTION To SOCIOLOGYI Revised 2T 2022 Student

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17 views27 pages

Week 3 INTRODUCTION To SOCIOLOGYI Revised 2T 2022 Student

Uploaded by

Joshua Ya-on
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Social Science & Philosophy

Introduction to
CO NO. 2
Understand the discipline of sociology
and the sociological perspective, and
the contribution to our understanding
of social reality.

LO No. 2.1
Familiarize on the different approaches
in the study of sociology through actual
examples.
What is ?
▪ The systematic study of human
behavior,
▪ the groups to which one belongs,
▪ and the societies that human
beings create,
▪ and within which their lives unfold.
Sociology is an attempt
to understand how
membership of one's
social group affects
individual behavior.
 Group behavior is the
primary focus; how groups
influence individuals and
vice versa.
Sociology is the scientific study of
society and human [social] behavior.
- Crash Course

Society is just the group of people


who share a culture and a territory.
- Crash Course

Premise: Human behavior is


determined by the social groups
to which one belongs.
A dictionary defines sociology as the systematic
study of society and social interaction.
▪ The word “sociology” is derived from the Latin
word socius (companion) and the Greek
word logos (speech or reason), which together mean
“reasoned speech about companionship”.

Sociologists study all aspects


and levels of society.
All sociologists are interested in the
experiences of individuals and how those
experiences are shaped by interactions with
social groups and society as a whole.
Sociologist seeks not only the
description but also the
explanation of social behavior.
They are interested in:
• knowing the causes of social facts,
• the function of social institutions, and
• the meaning of social action.

A society is a group of people whose members


interact, reside in a definable area, and share a culture.
A culture includes the group’s shared practices, values,
beliefs, norms and artifacts.
SOCIOlogy is:

a) Concerned
b) Scientific
c) Systematic
d) Informed
Concerns: Recurrent and repetitive forms of behavior,
attitudes, beliefs, values, norms, and social institutions which
make up the social order.

Scientific - Scientific discipline that focuses attention on


patterns of behavior.

Systematic - Systematically study all factors and forces that


shapes human behavior.

Informed – It provides current and relevant body of


knowledge relating to human behavior and society.
Social Sciences study
PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR
A Quest to understand patterns of
behavior found in other disciplines.

▪ Psychology - is the scientific study of the


mind and behavior.
▪ Anthropology - is the scientific study of
humanity.
▪ Political science - is a classical discipline that
deals with the study of political phenomena.
▪ Criminology - is the study of crime from a
social perspective.
Introduction to
Emergence of
as a discipline
▪ Sociology originated in the wake
of the French Revolution.
▪ Late eighteenth/ Early nineteenth
centuries TURMOIL
▪ SOC Emerged in Europe during a
period of profound social change.
The Social Change and Sociology
Sociology emerged after the great transformations in
European societies, which took place during the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Social Transformations. Three basic interrelated


changes fostered the emergence of the sociological
perspective. These included:
▪ Industrial Technology
Technological changes of the Middle Ages brought people to
work in small-scale manufacturing.
This change in the system of production weakened cultural
traditions.
▪ The Growth of Cities
Both pushes and pulls were involved in this process of
urbanization.
▪ Political Change Traditional ways of thinking were being
replaced by ideas of individual liberty and individual rights.
Three revolutions had to ▪ The SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
take place before the ▪ The DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION
Sociological Imagination ▪ The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
could crystallize:
Emerges

Three revolutions had to take place before the


Sociological Imagination could crystallize:
The SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION (16th c.)
encouraged the use of evidence to
substantiate theories.
The DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION (18th c.)
encouraged the view that human action
can change society.
The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (19th c.)
gave sociologists their subject matter.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBcTMca8RFU
Jon Ogborn, Institute of Physics, London

Everyday experience teaches us that the world is


not always just what it seems:
▪ fish lurk in the depths of the sea,
▪ disease hides in left-over food,
▪ traits pass from parent to child,
the seasons recur without obvious cause.

To understand how things are we have to imagine,


or hear imaginative tales, about how they are
'inside' or 'behind' the surface. Not everything can
be read straight off the face of reality.
Jon Ogborn, Institute of Physics, London

Reality is complex:
It is a matter of common experience that things rather
rarely turn out the same way twice. For this reason, our
imaginings cannot be tested merely by looking around us.

A great deal of what we know is practical know-how


rather than science. Lighting fires, making pots and glass,
smelting metals, cooking, and looking after crops and
animals are all mainly activities of this kind.

Besides its everyday practical value, this practical know-


how is an essential input into the doing of science.
Scientific knowledge is generated in a social process,
directed to eliminating alternative explanations.
Nigel (1961) posits 7 differences between
science and commonsense:

1. Commonsense refers to one set of method,


science to another.
2. Science grows out of commonsense concerns
for daily life, but science has more involved.
3. Science seeks to provide generalizations
regarding disparate types of phenomena
4. Science seeks to remove inconsistencies –
incompleteness.
Nigel (1961) posits 7 differences between
science and commonsense:

5. Scientific theories tend to last for shorter


periods - subjected to criticism
6. Sciences seeks explanation of wide range
of phenomena - not immediate, short-
term.
7. Science seek repeated criticism - nothing
is `taken for granted’ like common sense.
Psychology has more differences
between academic and applied branches
1. Therapy is more pronounced in
psychology
2. Psychology places more emphasis on
understanding the individual
3. Some psychologists place emphasis on
animal behaviour
Psychology has more differences between
academic and applied branches :

4. Psychology is more concerned with the


physiology of the brain.
5. It shares with sociology a branch known
as social psychology but moves towards the
individual.
God Bless

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