Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science and Technology Part I

Solved Previous Year Question Paper -2022

SECTION A

Best Approach to Attempt a Test

⮚ Go through all the questions, quickly.
⮚ Mark the easy questions you are sure of solving and attempt them first.
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⮚ Solve questions, part by part.

Q1. A.

1. Gold plated ornaments is the example of .

A. electroplating B. alloying
C. anodising D. galvanising

Ans: electroplating

2. The functioning of the satellite launch vehicle is based on .

A. Newton’s first law of motion
B. Newton’s second law of motion
C. Newton’s third law of motion
D. Newton’s universal law of gravitation

Ans: Newton’s third law of motion

3. is one of the combustible components of L.P.G.

A. Ethane B. Propane
C. Methane D. Ethene

Ans. Propane

4. The power of a convex lens of the focal length 25 cm is .

A. 4.0 D B. 0.25 D
C. -4.0 D D. -0.4 D

Ans: 4.0 D
 Power = 1/f ; where f is in meters.
= 1/0.25
= 4.0 D

5. colour is deviated the least in the spectrum of white light obtained with a
glass prism.

A. Red B. Yellow
C. Violet D. Blue

Ans: Red

Q1. B Answer the following:

1. Find the odd one out:
A. INSAT B. GSAT
C. IRS D. PSLV

Ans: PSLV

2. Complete the correlation:

Group 1 : Alkali metals : : : Halogens

Ans: Group 17

3.

Refractive index of water Refractive index of water

a) 1.31

b) 1.36

c) 1.33

Ans: c) 1.33

4. State True or False:

An electric motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
 Ans: False

5. Write the IUPAC name of the following structural formula :

Solution:

Nomenclature:
Prefix + Word root + Primary suffix + Secondary suffix
Prop ane 2-ol
-IUPAC name: propan-2-ol

Q2. A. Give scientific reasons:

i) Atomic radius goes on increasing down the group.

Solution:
As we move down a group, the atomic number increases causing the number of
electrons and shells to increase. This results in an increase in atomic radius down
the group.

ii) Simple microscope is used for watch repairs.

Solution:
-A simple microscope has a convex lens that has the ability to produce enlarged as
well as erect images of an object.
-Simple microscopes are used by watchmakers to see the small parts and screws of the
watch while repairing it.

iii) It is recommended to use airtight container for strong oil for a long time.
 Solution:
-Oil, when kept aside for a long time, undergoes oxidation. This causes the oil to
develop an unpleasant smell and taste.
-Hence, it is recommended to store oil in air-tight containers to slow down the
oxidation reaction.

Q2. B. Answer the following:

i) An object takes 5 s to reach the ground from a height of 5 m on a planet.

What is the value of ‘g’ on the planet?

Ans:
Given:
t=5s
s=5m
u = 0 m/s

Using : s = ut + ½ at2
5 = 0 + ½ g 52

Solving g = 0.4 m/s2

ii) Draw a neat labelled diagram of Hope’s Apparatus.

iii) State the laws of refraction

Ans:
a) The incident ray, normal and refracted ray all lie in the same plane at the point of
incidence.
 b) The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to sine of angle of refraction is constant, for
the light of a given colour and for the given pair of media.

iv) a) Name the main ore of aluminium.

Solution :
The main ore of aluminium is bauxite (𝐴𝑙2𝑂3. 𝐻2𝑂).

b) What impurities are present in aluminium ore?

Solution:
The ore contains titanium oxide, iron oxide and silicon dioxide as impurities.

v) Observe the given figure of Fleming’s Left Hand Rule and write the labels of

‘A’ and ‘B’:

Ans: A: Magnetic Field

B: Current

Q3. Answer the following:

A) Write the demerits of Mendeleev’s periodic table.

Solution:
1) The position of hydrogen in the periodic table was uncertain.
2) In certain pair of elements, the increasing order of atomic mass is not obeyed.
3) The periodic table could not explain the position of isotopes.

B) State the laws related to the given diagram :

 Ans:
Kepler's three laws of planetary motion can be described as follows:

1. The Law of Ellipses: The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape,
with the center of the sun being located at one focus.
2. The Law of Equal Areas: An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the
center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time.
3. The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the
cubes of their average distances from the sun.

C) Identify the type of chemical reaction given below:

i) 𝑪𝒖𝑺𝑶𝟒 + 𝑭𝒆 → 𝑭𝒆𝑺𝑶𝟒 + 𝑪𝒖
ii) 𝟐𝑴𝒈 + 𝑶𝟐 → 𝟐𝑴𝒈𝑶
iii) 𝟐𝑲𝑪𝑰𝑶𝟑 → 𝟐𝑲𝑪𝒍 + 𝟑𝑶𝟐 𝗍

Solution:
a) 𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂4 + 𝐹𝑒 → 𝐹𝑒𝑆𝑂4 + 𝐶𝑢 : Displacement reaction
b) 2𝑀𝑔 + 𝑂2 → 2𝑀𝑔𝑂 : Combination reaction
c) 2𝐾𝐶𝐼𝑂3 → 2𝐾𝐶𝑙 + 3𝑂2 𝗍 : Decomposition reaction

D) If the speed of light in a medium is 1.5 x 108 m/s, what is the absolute refractive
index of the medium? (Speed of light in vacuum = 3 x 108 m/s)

Ans:
𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐯𝐚𝐜𝐮𝐮𝐦
Refractive index =
𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐦

= 2
 E) Read the following paragraph and answer the question based on it:

If heat is exchanged between a hot and cold object, the temperature of the cold
object goes on increasing due to the gain of energy and the temperature of the hot
object goes on decreasing due to the loss of energy.

The change in temperature continues till the temperature of both objects attains the
same value. In this process, the cold object gains heat energy and the hot object loses
heat energy. If the system of both objects is isolated from the environment by
keeping it inside a heat resistant box, then no energy can flow from the environment
by keeping it inside a heat-resistant box, then no energy can flow from inside the box
or come into the box.

a) Heat is transferred from where to where?

b) Which principle do we learn about from this process?
c) How will you state the principle briefly?

Ans:
a) Which principle do we learn about from this process?
Solution: Heat is transferred from a body at a higher temperature to a lower
temperature.

c) Which principle do we learn about from this process?

Solution: We learn the principle of Heat Transfer.

d) How will you state the principle briefly?

Solution: Heat is a form of energy. Heat always flows from a hot body to a cold
body.

F) Complete the following table for convex lens :

S Position of the object Position of the Nature of the image

No. image

1 Beyond 2F1
 2 At infinity

Real, inverted &

3
enlarged.

A ns:

S No. Position of the object Position of the image Nature of the image

Real, inverted &

1 Beyond 2F1 Between F2 & 2F2
diminished.

Real, inverted & highly

2 At F1 At infinity
enlarged.
Real, inverted &
3 Between F2 & 2F2 Beyond 2F1
enlarged.

G) Explain the following terms:

i) Metallurgy
Solution: The different processes involved in the extraction of metals from their ores
and refining are known as metallurgy.

ii) Ores
Solution: The minerals from which the metals can be extracted conveniently and
profitably are known as ores.

iii) Gangue
Solution: The unwanted impurities like soil, sand, earthy particles, limestone, rocky
material, mica, etc., present in an ore are known as gangue.
 Q4. A. Observe the following diagram and answer the questions given below:

a) Identify the above diagram:

Solution: AC Generator

b) State the principle of an electric generator?

Solution: Based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, electric generators

are prepared. In an electric generator, mechanical energy is used to rotate a conductor
in a magnetic field to produce electricity. This is the principle of an electric generator.

c) Write the working of the above apparatus?

Solution:
i) A rectangular coil that is forced to spin in a uniform magnetic field
The coil is connected to a centre-reading meter by metal brushes that press on two
metal slip rings (or commutator rings)
ii) The slip rings and brushes provide a continuous connection between the coil
and the meter.
iii) When the coil turns in one direction:
• The pointer defects first one way, then the opposite way, and then bac again
• This is because the coil cuts through the magnetic field lines and an EMF,
and therefore current, is induced in the coil.
iv) The pointer deflects in both directions because the current in the circuit
repeatedly changes direction as the coil spins
• This is because the induced EMF in the coil repeatedly changes its direction
• This continues on as long as the coil keeps turning in the same direction
 v) The induced EMF and the current alternate because they repeatedly change
direction.

d) Write the use of the above appliance.

Ans: 1. Hydroelectric Power Plant
2. Wind Turbines

Q4. B. Identify the saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon from the given structural
formula:

Solution: Here, the hydrocarbons represented in (1) and (2) are ethane and ethene
respectively.

B. Draw electron dot structure for (1) and (2).

Solution :

C. Define homologous series.

Solution :
- A group of organic compounds with similar structures and chemical properties in
which the successive compounds differ by −𝐶𝐻2 group is known as the
homologous series.
- For example, methane (𝐶𝐻4) and ethane (𝐶2𝐻6) belong to the same homologous
series.