Daffodils World School

Jeevan Nagar, Sanwali Road Sikar 332021

Worksheet Name: Acid, Base And Salts Standard: 10th Subject: Science

Q1. Describe how washing soda is produced starting from sodium chloride (common salt). Write equations of all the reactions involved.

Q2. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
Acids turn blue litmus red but have no effect on red litmus. Bases tum red litmus blue but have no effect on blue litmus. The sample in which phenolphthalein remains colourless while
methyl orange changes to pink/ red are acids while the samples in which phenolphthalein colour changes to pink and methyl orange changes to yellow are bases. Some observations
of different sample solutions in litmus, phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicator are given in the table:
Sample Solution Red litmus Solution Blue litmus Solution Phenolphthalein indicator Methyl orange indicator
HCl No colour change Red Colourless Red/ Pink
H2SO4 No colour change Red Colourless Red/ Pink
HNO3 No colour change Red Colourless Red/ Pink
CH3COOH No colour change Red Colourless Red/ Pink
NaOH Blue No colour change Pink Yellow
Ca(OH)2 Blue No colour change Pink Yellow
KOH Blue No colour change Pink Yellow
Mg(OH)2 Blue No colour change Pink Yellow
NH4OH Blue No colour change Pink (Becomes colourless after sometime) Yellow (Becomes colourless after sometime)

1. Which of the following substances does not turn red litmus solution to blue?
1. Al(OH)3
2. Mg(OH)2
3. H3PO4
4. NH4OH
2. Phenolphthalein's colour in basic medium is __, but in acid it is __.
1. Pink, colourless.
2. Yellow, pink.
3. Pink, orange.
4. Blue, red.
3. Which of the following acids are edible?
1. Citric acid.
2. Tartaric acid.
3. Hydrochloric acid
4. Carbonic acid
1. (I) and (II) only.
2. (I), (II) and (IV) only.
3. (I), (II) and (III) only.
4. (I), (II), (III) and (IV).
4. The colour of methyl orange in neutral solution is:
1. Red.
2. Orange.
3. Yellow
4. Purple.
5. Which of the following cannot act as an indicator?
1. Methyl orange.
2. Methyl chloride
3. Turmeric juice.
4. Phenolphthalein.

Q3. Compounds such as alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an activity to prove it.

Q4.
 It is very interesting to note that our stomach produces hydrochloric acid. It helps in the digestion of food without harming the stomach. During indigestion the stomach produces too much
acid and this causes pain and irritation. To get rid of this pain, people use bases called antacids. These antacids neutralise the excess acid. Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of magnesia), a mild
base, is often used for this purpose.
1. Which acid does our stomach produces?
1. Hydrochloric acid
2. Acetic acid
2. Indigestion in stomach causes ______.
1. Too much of base
2. Too much of acid
3. Which of the following is the effect of excess of acid in stomach?
1. Relief
2. Pain and irritation
4. To get rid of pain of excess acid in the stomach _____are used.
1. Antacids
2. Analgesics
5. What is used to neutalize the acid in the stomach?
1. Milk of Sodium
2. Milk of magnesia
Q5. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
"Indicator is a chemical compound which is added to the solution in very small amount to detect its acidic or basic nature." As they show colour change in acidic and basic medium, they are
also called acid-base indicators. In other words, "an acid-base indicator is that substance which possesses one colour in acidic medium and a different colour in alkaline medium."
Indicators, basically, are coloured organic substances either extracted from plants (natural indicators) or synthesised in the laboratory (synthetic indicators). A few common acid base
indicators are : Litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange etc. In addition to these there are some naturally occurring substances which have different smell in acidic and basic medium. These
substances are called olfactory indicators.
1. Which one of the following will turn red litmus blue?
1. Vinegar.
2. Baking soda solution.
3. Lemon juice.
4. Soft drinks.
2. A solution turns blue litmus red. The pH of the solution is probably?
1. 8
2. 10
3. 12
4. 6
3. A solution in test tube 'A' turns red litmus blue, evolves hydrogen gas on reaction with zinc and does not react with sodium carbonate. Whereas, solution in test tube 'B' turns blue
litmus red, liberates hydrogen gas on reaction with zinc and evolves carbon dioxide gas with sodium carbonate. Identify 'A' and' B'.
1. 'A' is an acid, 'B' is a base.
2. A' is a base, 'B' is an acid.
3. Both 'A' and 'B' are bases.
4. Both 'A' and 'B' are acids.
4. Select the incorrect option.
Indicator Colour in acidic medium Colour in basic medium
(a) Litmus (Purple) Red Blue
(b) Flower of hydrangea plant (Blue) Red Green
(c) Red cabbage juice (Purple) Red or Pink Green
(d) Turmeric Juice (Yellow) Yellow Reddish brown

5. Which one of the following can be used as an acid-base indicator by visually impaired student?
1. Litmus.
2. Turmeric.
3. Vanilla essence.
4. Methyl orange.

Q6.
 On heating gypsum at 373 K, it loses water molecules and becomes calcium sulphate hemihydrate. This is called Plaster of Paris, the substance which doctors use as plaster for supporting
fractured bones in the right position. Plaster of Paris is a white powder and on mixing with water, it changes to gypsum once again giving a hard solid mass.
1. Gypsum losses water at ______ temperature.
1. 373 K
2. 383 K
2. When gypsum becomes calcium sulhate hemihydrate it is called as_____.
1. Bleaching powdeer
2. Plaster of Paris
3. Doctors use plaster of paris for _____.
1. Supporting building
2. Supporting fractured bones
4. What is the colour of plaster of paris?
1. Yellow
2. Black
3. White
5. When plaster of paris is mixed with water it becomes hard solid mass and changes into _____.
1. Gypsum
2. Calcium
Q7. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
Baking powder produces carbon dioxide on heating, so it is used in cooking to make the batter spongy. Although, baking soda also produces CO2 on heating, but it is not used in cooking
because on heating, baking soda produces sodium carbonate along with carbon dioxide. Sodium carbonate, thus, produced, makes the taste bitter. Baking powder is the mixture of baking
soda and a mild edible acid. Generally, tartaric acid is mixed with baking soda to make baking powder. When baking powder is heated, NaHCO3 decomposes to give CO2 which makes bread
and cake fluffy. Tartaric acid helps to remove bitter taste due to formation of sodium tartrate.
2NaHCO + C H O −−−→ 2CO + 2H O + Na C H O
3 4 6 6 2 2 2 4 4 6
Banking soda Tartaric acid Carbon dioxide Sodium tartaric
1. On passing excess CO2 gas in aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, the substance obtained is:
1. NaOH
2. NaHCO3
3. Na2CO3. I0H2O
4. Na2CO3. H2O
2. When sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to acetic acid, it evolves a gas. Which of the following statements are true about the gas evolved?
1. It turns lime water milky.
2. It extinguishes a burning splinter.
3. It turns lime water milky.
4. It has a pungent odour.
1. (I) and (II).
2. (I), (II) and (III).
3. (II), (III) and (IV).
4. (I) and (IV).
3. Select the correct statement regarding sodium hydrogen carbonate.
1. CO and CO2 are produced during the heating of NaHCO3.
2. It is insoluble in water.
3. It is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.
4. All of these.
4. Acetic acid was added to a solid X kept in a test tube. A colourless and odourless gas was evolved. The gas was passed through lime water which turned milky. It was concluded that,
1. Solid X is sodium hydroxide and the gas evolved is CO2.
2. Solid X is sodium bicarbonate and the gas evolved is CO2.
3. Solid X is sodium acetate and the gas evolved is CO2.
4. Solid Xis sodium chloride and the gas evolved is CO2.
5. Which of the following statements are correct regarding baking soda?
1. Baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate.
2. On heating, baking soda gives sodium carbonate.
3. It is used for manufacture of soap.
4. It is an ingredient of baking powder.
1. I and IV only.
2. I, II and III only.
3. I, II and IV only.
4. I, II, III and IV.

Q8.

Krisha of class X took about 1g solid NaCl in a clean and dry test tube and had set up the apparatus as shown in the above figure. She added some concentrated sulphuric acid to the test
tube. Gas came out of the delivery tube. She tested the gas evolved successively with dry and wet blue litmus paper.
1. Which gas is coming out of the delivery tube?
 1. NaCl gas
2. HCl gas
3. No gas
4. None of these
2. In which case does the litmus paper will change colour?
1. Wet blue litmus paper
2. Dry blue litmus paper
3. Both A and B
4. None of these
3. True or false. Dry HCl does not contain any hydrogen ions (H+) in it , so it does not show acidic behaviour so HCl gas does not change the colour of the dry blue litmus paper.
1. True
2. False
4. HCl shows _____ properties because H+ ions are produced when HCl dissolves in water.
1. Basic
2. Acidic
3. Neutral
4. None of these
5. Dry HCl gas is acidic in nature. Yes or No?
1. Yes
2. No

Q9. One half of a convex lens of focal length 10cm is covered with a black paper. Can such a lens produce an image of a complete object placed at a distance of 30cm from the lens? Draw a ray
diagram to justify your answer.
A 4cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 20cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 15cm. Find the nature, position and size of the
image.

Q10.

Seawater contains many salts dissolved in it. Sodium chloride is separated from these salts. Deposits of solid salt are also found in several parts of the world. These large crystals are often
brown due to impurities. This is called rock salt. Beds of rock salt were formed when seas of bygone ages dried up. Rock salt is mined like coal?
1. ______ is separated from sea water by evaporating sea water.
1. Sugar
2. Minerals
3. Common salt
4. None of these
2. Common Salt (sodium chloride) is used in manufacturing of.
1. Soap
2. Baking soda
3. Caustic soda
4. All of these
3. Salt is responsible for regulation of ____ in our body.
1. Water
2. Oxygen
3. Blood
4. Cells
4. True or false. Sodium chloride was an important symbol in our struggle for freedom.
1. True
2. False
5. True or false. In the case of dehydration we have to rehydrate our body by taking fluid with essential salts.
1. True
2. False

Q11. A metal carbonate X on reacting with an acid gives a gas which when passed through a solution Y gives the carbonate back. On the other hand, a gas G that is obtained at anode during
electrolysis of brine is passed on dry Y, it gives a compound Z, used for disinfecting drinking water. Identity X, Y, G and Z.

Q12.

Another chemical that can be obtained from sodium chloride is Na2CO3 10H2O (washing soda). Sodium carbonate can be obtained by heating baking soda; recrystallisation of sodium
carbonate gives washing soda. It is also a basic salt.Sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate are useful chemicals for many industrial processes as well.
1. What is obtained by sodium choride?
1. Washing soda
2. Baking soda
3. All of the above
2. What is a basic salt?
1. Washing soda
2. Baking soda
3. All of the above
3. By heating baking soda what can be obtained?
1. Sodium chloride
2. Sodium carbonate
 4. Recrystallization of sodium carbonate gives.
1. Washing soda
2. Baking soda
5. For industrial processess which of the following is(are) used?
1. Sodium carbonate
2. Sodium hydrogencarbonate
3. Sodium chloride
4. Both A and B

Q13.

The common salt is an important raw material for various materials of daily use, such as sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder and many more. When electricity is
passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (called brine), it decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of the products
formed– chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.
1. NaCl is used for _____.
1. Cooking
2. Painting
2. Chlor-alkali is named because of-
1. Products fromed are chlorine and sodium peroxide
2. Products fromed are chlorine and sodium hydroxide
3. Solution of sodium chloride is called as ______.
1. Brine
2. Wine
4. When electricty is passed through brine what does it forms?
1. Sodium peroxide
2. Sodium hydroxide
5. Is Baking soda is used for cooking purposes.
1. Yes
2. No

Q14. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
The acidic behavior of acids is due to the presence of hydrogen(H+) ions in them. They produce hydrogen ions in the presence of water. Water is a polar solvent and this property of water
helps in weakening the bond between the ions and makes them soluble. Hence, acids and bases produce ions in aqueous solutions.
It may be noted that a dry HCl gas or a solution of hydrogen chloride in organic, nonpolar solvents like toluene or benzene do not show acidic properties. This is because hydrogen chloride
does not undergo ionization in toluene.
The reason why HCl splits into H+ and Cl- ions in presence of water lies in the fact that water molecules, being polar, pull the H+ and Cl- ions apart and thus, the bond in HCl is broken.

1. Identify the wrong statement.

1. Higher the hydronium ion concentration, lower is the pH value.
2. Universal indicator is used to judge how strong a given acid or base is.
3. As the pH value increases from 7 to 14, it represents increase in H+ ion concentration in the solution.
4. Value less than 7 on the pH scale represents an acidic solution.
2. If the pH of a solution is 8, then its (H+)ion is:
1. log 10−8
2. 108
3. 10-8
4. 8
3. In terms of acidic strength, which one of the following is in the correct increasing order?
1. Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid.
2. Water < Hydrochloric acid < Acetic acid.
3. Acetic acid < Water < Hydrochloric acid.
4. Hydrochloric acid < Water < Acetic acid.
4. Which of the following compounds does not give H+ ions in aqueous solution?
1. H3PO4
2. C2H5OH
3. H2CO3
4. CH3COOH
5. Four solutions labelled as P, Q, R and Shave pH values 1, 9, 3 and 13 respectively.
Which of the following statements about the given solutions is incorrect?
1. Solution P has higher concentration of hydrogen ions than solution R.
2. Solution Q has lower concentration of hydroxide ions than solution S.
3. Solutions P and Q will turn red litmus solution blue.
4. Solution P is highly acidic while solution Q is weakly basic.

Q15.
 Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5. Tooth enamel, made up of calcium hydroxyapatite (a crystalline form of calcium phosphate) is the hardest substance in the
body. It does not dissolve in water, but is corroded when the pH in the mouth is below 5.5. Bacteria present in the mouth produce acids by degradation of sugar and food particles remaining
in the mouth after eating. The best way to prevent this is to clean the mouth after eating food. Using toothpastes, which are generally basic, for cleaning the teeth can neutralise the excess
acid and prevent tooth decay.
1. pH of the mouth should be within-
1. 7.6-8.2
2. 6.2-7.6
3. 5.6-6.2
4. 5.5
2. True or false. During tooth decay, basic substances are used to increase the pH of the mouth.
1. True
2. False
3. Bacteria present in the mouth produce _____ by degradation of sugar and food particles remaining in the mouth after eating.
1. Acids
2. Base
3. Salts
4. None of these
4. Prevention of tooth decay can be done by-
1. Clean the mouth before eating
2. Clean the mouth after eating
3. Drink water to remove germs
4. Gargle mouth with HCl
5. True or false. Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is higher than 5.5.
1. True
2. False
Q16. 1. With the help of diagram, show the formation of micelles, when soap is applied on oily dirt.
2. Take two test tubes X and Y with 10mL of hard water in each.
In test tube X, add few drops of soap solution and in test tube Y add a few drops of detergent solution. Shake both the test tubes for the same period.
1. In which test tube the formation of foam will be more? Why?
2. In which test tube is a curdy solid formed? Why?

Q17. Identify the compound X on the basis of the reactions given below. Also, write the name and chemical formula of A, B and C.

Q18.

The fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt is called water of crystallisation. For instance, there are five molecules of water in one formula unit of copper
sulphate and hence the chemical formula for hydrated copper sulphate is CuSO4 5H2O Gypsum has two molecules of water as water of crystallisation and hence the chemical formula for
hydrated gypsum stands out to be CaSO4 2H2O This gypsum on getting heated loses water molecules and becomes calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4. H2O). This is known as plaster of
Paris. Plaster is used for supporting fractured bones in their appropriate position.
1. How many molecules of water of crystallization are there in calcium sulphate?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
2. Chemical formula for Plaster of Paris is:
1. CaSo4 . 12 H2 O
2. CaSo4 .2H2 O
3. CuSo4 . 12 H2 O
4. CuSo4 .2H2 O
3. Chemical formula for Gypsum is:
1. CaSo4 . 12 H2 O
2. CaSo4 .2H2 O
3. CuSo4 . 12 H2 O
4. CuSo4 .2H2 O
4. Plaster of Paris is prepared by heating gypsum to a temperature of ____ K in a kiln.
1. 273
2. 373
3. 100
4. 573
5. True or false. Plaster of paris is not used for making toys, materials for decoration and for making smooth surfaces.
1. True
 2. False

Q19.

Care must be taken while mixing concentrated nitric acid or sulphuric acid with water. The acid must always be added slowly to water with constant stirring. If water is added to a
concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns. The glass container may also break due to excessive local heating. Mixing an acid or base with
water results in decrease in the concentration of ( )ions per unit volume. Such a process is called dilution and the acid or the base is said to be diluted.
H3 O+
OH−

1. When acid is added to beaker containing water which of the following statement(s) is (are) true about temperature of beaker?
1. Temperature decreases
2. Temperature increase
3. No change in temperature
2. Is process of adding acid to water an exothermic or endothermic process?
1. Exothermic
2. Endothermic
3. What happens to concentration of ions per unit volume when water is added to acid or base?
1. Concentration of ions decreases
2. Concentration of ions increases
4. True or false. Concentration of hydronium ions (H3 O+ ) s affected when a solution of an acid is diluted.
1. True
2. False
5. While diluting an acid, what should be added first, water or acid?
1. Acid to water slowly
2. Water to acid slowly
3. Any of it can be added first
4. None of these

Q20. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
Sodium chloride obtained from sea water or from lakes contains many impurities such as sulphates of sodium and magnesium, along with chlorides of calcium and magnesium. The chlorides
of calcium and magnesium are particularly undesirable on account of their deliquescent nature.
For its purification, common salt is dissolved in minimum quantity of water to get a saturated solution from which insoluble impurities are filtered off. Then hydrogen chloride gas is passed
through the saturated solution and the crystals of pure NaCl separate out. The soluble impurities remain in the mother liquor. The crystals are filtered, washed and dried.
1. Select the correct statement regarding salt NaCl.
1. Pure NaCl is hygroscopic in nature.
2. It is soluble in alcohol.
3. Pure NaCl is not hygroscopic, it shows hygroscopic nature due to impurities.
4. It is a brown crystalline solid.
2. Nature of aqueous solution of common salt is:
1. Acidic.
2. Alkaline.
3. Basic.
4. Neutral.
3. In the given series of reactions, Y and Z respectively are:

(Q is used in removing permanent hardness of water).

1. NaHCO3, NaOCl2
2. NH4Cl, Na2CO3
3. Na2CO3, NH4Cl
4. Na2CO3, NaHCO3
4. Which of the following compounds is alkaline in aqueous medium?
1. Na2CO3
2. NaCl
3. H2CO3
4. CuSO4
5. Some statements regarding salt NaCl are given below:
1. It is prepared by chlor-alkali process.
2. It is a white crystalline substance.
3. It also exists in the form of rocks and is called rock salt.
4. It is a neutral salt, pH value of NaCl is 7.
Select the correct statements.
1. II and III only.
2. III and Iv only.
3. I and IV only.
4. II, III and IV only.

Q21. Both soap and detergent are some type of salts. What is the difference between them? Describe in brief the cleansing action of soap. Why do soaps not form lather in hard water? List two
problems that arise due to the use of detergents instead of soaps.

Q22. Compounds such as alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an Activity to prove it.

Q23. A group of students measured the pH of some substances they found in their homes. Their results are given in the following table:
Sabstance pH Sabstance pH
Apples 3.0 Salt 7.0
Baking soda 8.5 Sugar 7.0
 Black coffee 5.0 Toothpaste 9.0
Houshold ammonoa 12.0 Vinegar 3.0
Lemon juoce 2.5 Wasimg soda 11.5
Milk 6.0

1. What would the students have used to measure the pH?

2. Which solution is the most acidic (c) Which solution is the most alkaline?
3. Which solutions are neutral?
4. Which solution can be used to treat wasp stings?
5. Which solution can be used to treat bee stings?

Q24.

Ashok had set the apparatus as shown in the above figure. He took about 5mL of dilute sulphuric acid in a test tube and added a few pieces of zinc granules to it. He then passed the gas
being evolved through the soap solution. He then take a burning candle near a gas filled bubble.
1. The zinc metal in the above reactions displaces hydrogen atoms from the acids as hydrogen gas and forms a compound called as _____.
1. Salt
2. Metal
3. Base
4. None of these
2. The above experiment by Ashok was done to test which gas?
1. Hydrogen gas
2. Oxygen gas
3. Nitrogen gas
4. Chlorine gas
3. Which of the following is the reaction of a metal with an acid?
1. Base + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
2. Acid + Metal → Salt + Oxygen gas
3. Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
4. None of these
4. What will happen if copper turning is taken in place of zinc granules?
1. The reaction will speed up
2. The rate of hydogen gas formation is decreased
3. No reaction will take place
4. None of these
5. Zinc chloride and hydrogen gas are formed, when zinc granules are treated with ______.
1. Sulphuric acid
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Nitric acid
4. Acetic acid

Q25.

Refer to the above figure. A student took solutions of glucose, alcohol, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, etc. He fixed two nails on a cork, and placed the cork in a 100mL beaker. He
connected the nails to the two terminals of a 6 volt battery through a bulb and a switch, as shown in the above figure. He then poured some dilute HCl in the beaker and switched on the
current.
1. Does the bulb glow in case of alcohol and glucose?
1. Yes
2. No
2. Does the bulb glow in case of hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid?
1. Yes
2. No
3. The bulb glows in case of acids. The electric current is carried through the acidic solution by.
1. Filament
2. Glass
3. Ions
4. Particles
4. True or false. Glowing of the bulb indicates that there is a flow of electric current through the solution.
1. True
2. False
5. True or false. The bulb will glow in case of an alkali like sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc.
1. True
2. False

Q26.
 The acids are sour in taste and change the colour of blue litmus to red, whereas, bases are bitter and change the colour of the red litmus to blue. Litmus is a natural indicator, turmeric is
another such indicator. A stain of curry on a white cloth becomes reddish-brown when soap, which is basic in nature, is scrubbed. It turns yellow again when the cloth is washed with plenty
of water.
1. True or false. Litmus solution is a purple dye, which is extracted from lichen.
1. True
2. False
2. When the litmus solution is neither acidic nor basic, its colour is ______.
1. Blue
2. Red
3. Purple
4. None of these
3. There are many other natural materials which indicate the presence of acid or base in a solution. These are called _____ .
1. Signals
2. Indicators
3. Both A and B
4. None of these
4. Synthetic indicators such as ________ are used to test for acids and bases.
1. Methyl orange
2. Phenolphthalein
3. Both A and B
4. None of these
5. Natural indicator is.
1. Methyl orange
2. Turmeric
3. Aloe vera
4. None of these
Q27. How would you distinguish between baking powder and washing soda by heating?

Q28. Define water of crystallisation. Give the chemical formula for two compounds as examples. How can it be proved that the water of crystallisation makes a difference in the state and colour
of the compounds?

Q29.

Refer to above figure. Neha took two test tubes, labelled them as A and B. Then she took about 0.5g of sodium carbonate in test tube A and about 0.5g of sodium hydrogencarbonate in test
tube B. She added about 2mL of dilute HCl to both the test tubes.
1. Which gas is evolved when HCl is passed through test tube A?
1. Oxygen
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Nitrogen
4. Carbon monoxide
2. Which gas is evolved when HCl is passed through test tube B?
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Nitrogen
3. Carbon monoxide
4. Oxygen
3. On passing the carbon dioxide gas evolved through lime water, then lime water.
1. Turns greenish
2. Turns yellow
3. Turns milky
4. No change
4. All metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates react with acids to give a corresponding ______.
1. Salts
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Water
4. All of these
5. What are the different forms of calcium carbonate?
1. Limestone
2. Chalk
3. Marble
4. All of these

Q30.
 Curd and sour substances should not be kept in brass and copper vessels because these and other sour food-stuffs contain acids which can react with the metal of the vessel to form
poisonous metal compounds which can cause food poisoning and affect our health adversely.
1. Curd is a ______ substance?
1. Sweet
2. Sour
2. Sour substances kept in _____ metals can affect our health.
1. Copper
2. Brass
3. Both A and B
3. Does copper has malleablity property?
1. Yes
2. No
4. State True or False. Food stuffs contains acid which reacts with the metals.
1. True
2. False
5. Brass is an alloy of_____.
1. Copper and iron
2. Copper and zinc
Q31.

Ram was suffering from a stomach pain for a number of days. He consulted a doctor who advised him to take two antacid tablets after each meal for about a week and avoid spicy food. Ram
followed the advice strictly and was cured.
1. What was the problem faced by Ram ?
1. Anaemia
2. Acidity
3. Anxiety
2. True or false. The antacid tablets contain base like NaHCO3 or Mg(OH)2 which neutralise the affect of HCl released in the stomach.
1. True
2. False
3. NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2 Is this the correct chemical reaction happening inside stomach when Ram takes antacid?
1. Yes
2. No
3. Maybe
4. Antacids reduce the excess _____ in the stomach.
1. Water
2. Base
3. Acid
4. None of these
5. Are antacids used to cure acidity in stomach?
1. Yes
2. No

Q32. What is the difference between soaps and detergents? State in brief the cleansing action of soaps in removing an oily spot from a fabric. Why are soaps not very effective when a fabric is
washed in hard water? How is this problem resolved?

Q33. What does a soda-acid type fire extinguisher contain? How does it work?
Explain the working of a soda- acid fire extinguisher with the help of a labelled diagram.

Q34. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
pH is quite useful to us in a number of ways in daily life. Some of its applications are:
Control of pH of the soil: Plants need a specific pH range for proper growth. The soil may be acidic, basic or neutral depending upon the relative concentration of H+ and OH-. The pH of any
soil can be determined by using pH paper. If the soil is too acidic, it can be corrected by adding lime to it. If the soil is too basic, it can be corrected by adding organic manure which contains
acidic materials.
Regaining shine of a tarnished copper vessel by use of acids: A copper vessel gets tarnished due to formation of an oxide layer on its surface. On rubbing lemon on the vessel, the surface is
cleaned and the vessel begins to shine again. This is due to the fact that copper oxide is basic in nature, which reacts with the acid (citric acid) present in lemon to form a salt (copper citrate)
which is washed away with water. As a result, the layer of copper oxide is removed from the surface of the vessel and the shining surface is exposed.
 Self-defense by animals through chemical warfare: Stings of bees and ants contain methanoic acid. When stung, it causes lot of pain and irritation. This can be cured by rubbing the affected
area with mild base like baking soda.
1. When black copper oxide placed in a beaker is treated with dilute HCI, its colour changes to:
1. White.
2. Dark red.
3. Bluish green.
4. No change.
2. P is an aqueous solution of acid and Q is an aqueous solution of base. When these two are diluted separately, then.
1. pH of P increases while that of Q decreases till neutralisation.
2. pH of P decreases while that of Q increases till neutralisation.
3. pH of both P and Q decrease.
4. pH of both P and Q increase.
3. Which of the following acids is present in bee sting?
1. Formic acid.
2. Acetic acid.
3. Citric acid.
4. Hydrochloric acid.
4. Sting of ant can be cured by rubbing the affected area with soap because:
1. It contains oxalic acid which neutralises the effect of formic acid.
2. It contains aluminium hydroxide which neutralises the effect of formic acid.
3. It contains sodium hydroxide which neutralises the effect of formic acid.
4. None of these.
5. The pH of soil Xis 7.5 while that of soil Y is 4.5. Which of the two soils, should be treated with powdered chalk to adjust its pH?
1. X only.
2. Y only.
3. Both X and Y.
4. None of these.

Q35.

The baking soda is commonly used in the kitchen for making tasty crispy pakoras, etc. Sometimes it is added for faster cooking. The chemical name of the compound is sodium
hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3). It is produced using sodium chloride as one of the raw materials
1. To make pakoras crispy what is added to it?
1. Baking soda
2. Bleaching powder
2. What is added to fasten the cooking process?
1. Baking soda
2. Bleaching powder
3. Baking soda is produced using?
1. Sodium flouride
2. Sodium chloride
4. What is the chemical name of baking soda?
1. Sodium chloride
2. Sodium bicarbonate
5. State true or false: Baking soda is commonly used for cleaning toilets.
1. True
2. False

Q36. Consider the following substances :

NaCl, Ca(OH)2, NaHCO3, NH3, Na2CO, H2O, Cl2, CO2, CaSO4.2H2O, 2CaSO4.H2O, CaOCl2
1. Which two substances combine to form bleaching powder?
2. Which four substances are utilised in the production of washing soda?
3. Which compound represents plaster of Paris?
4. Which compound is a part of baking powder?
5. Which compound is used as an antacid?

Q37. 1. Why is the use of iodised salt advisable? Name the disease caused due to deficiency of iodine in our diet and state its one symptom.
2. How do nerve impulses travel in the body? Explain.

Q38. Write the main difference between an acid and a base. With the help of suitable examples the term neutralization and the formation of:
1. Acidic
2. Basic
3. Neutral salts.

Q39. Soaps and detergents are both types of salts. State the difference between the two. Write the mechanism of the cleansing action of soaps. Why do soaps not form lather (foam) with hard
water? Mention any two problems that arise due to the use of detergents instead of soaps.

Q40.
 Copper sulphate crystals which seem to be dry contain water of crystallisation. When we heat the crystals, this water is removed and the salt turns white. If you moisten the crystals again
with water, you will find that blue colour of the crystals reappears. Water of crystallisation is the fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt. Five water molecules
are present in one formula unit of copper sulphate. Chemical formula for hydrated copper sulphate is CuSO4.5H2O. The molecule of Na2CO3.10H2O is wet.
1. Does copper sulphate crystals contain water of crystallization?
1. Yes
2. No
2. When we heat the crystals of copper sulphate the salt colour turns _____.
1. Black
2. White
3. What is the chemical formula of hydrated copper sulphate?
1. CuSO4.5H2O
2. CuSO3.3H2O
4. How many water molecules are there in one unit of copper sulphate?
1. Four
2. Five
5. State True or False. Water of crystallisation is the random number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt.
1. True
2. False
Q41.

Salts of a strong acid and a strong base are neutral with pH value of 7. On the other hand, salts of a strong acid and weak base are acidic with pH value less than 7 and those of a strong base
and weak acid are basic in nature, with pH value more than 7.
1. pH of strong acid is ____.
1. Less than 7
2. More than 7
2. What is the pH value of Neutral solutions?
1. Less than 7
2. More than 7
3. 7
3. Example of strong acid?
1. Hydrochloric Acid
2. Formic acid
4. Example(s) of strong base?
1. Sodium Hydroxide
2. Potassium hydroxide
3. All of the above
5. Example of Neutral solution?
1. Water
2. Blood

Q42.

Soda-acid fire estinguisher contains sodium bicarbonate and sulphuric acid , which are in seperate containers. When knob of fire extinguisers is pressed , then sulphuric acid mixes with
sodium bicarbonate solution and produces a lot of CO2 gas , which forms a blanket over the fire and cuts it off from the supply of the air to the burning substance and the fire stops.
1. What does fire-extinguisher contains?
1. Sodium bicarbonate
2. Sulphuric acid
3. Both A and B
2. Fire extinguisher is used for_____.
1. To get rid of fire
2. To increase fire.
3. In fire extinguisher Sulphuric acid is mixed with _____.
1. Sodium chloride
2. Sodium bicarbonate
4. What is the colour of Fire- extingusiher?
1. Red
2. Yellow
5. Is Fire extinguisher an emergency tool ?
1. Yes
 2. No

Q43.

Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda (sodium hydrogencarbonate) and a mild edible acid such as tartaric acid. When baking powder is heated or mixed in water, it evolves carbon
dioxide gas which gets converted into sodium carbonate. Carbon dioxide produced during the reaction can cause bread or cake to rise making them soft and spongy.
1. Cake and bread becomes soft and spongy because of _____.
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Carbon mono oxide
2. When baking soda is mixed with water it evolves which gas?
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Carbon mono oxide
3. Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda and ______ acid.
1. Tartaric
2. Formic
4. Another name for baking soda is _____.
1. Sodium carbonate
2. Sodium hydrogencarbonate
5. The Carbon dioxide released is converted to ______ when baking soda is mixed with water.
1. Sodium carbonate
2. Sodium hydrogencarbonate

Q44.

Distilled water does not conduct electricity because it does not contain any ionic compound (like acids, bases or salts) dissolved in it. Rainwater, while falling to the earth through the
atmosphere, dissolves an acidic gas carbon dioxide from the air and forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid provides hydrogen ions, H+ (aq) and carbonate ions, to rainwater. Hence, due
to the presence of carbonic acid which provides ions to rainwater, the rainwater conducts electricity.
1. Distilled water has ionic compounds?
1. Yes
2. No
2. Carbonic acid provides _____.
1. Hydrogen ions
2. Calcium ions
3. Do Distilled water conduct electricity?
1. Yes
2. No
4. Rain water contains _____ ions.
1. Carbonic
2. Formic
5. Distilled water does not contain-
1. Acid
2. Bases
3. Salt
4. All of the above

Q45.
 Ritesh was asked to determine the melting point of a given organic solid. For this, he used a bath containing conc. When he was looking at the thermometer, he lost his concentration and
became a little casual. The beaker containing boiling sulphuric acid fell on his clothes. His clothes were burnt and he got severe burns on hands.
1. What precautions do you suggest which Ritesh should take in future?
1. Always wear lab coat in the laboratory.
2. Be always alert in the laboratory
3. Keep himself at a distance from the table where the bath is placed
4. All of the above
2. Why did ritesh's clothes burn?
1. Base fell on the clothes
2. Acid fell on the clothes
3. Which solution causes burns?
1. Acid
2. Base
4. What is pH range of acid?
1. 0-7
2. 7-14
3. What is the pH range of base?
1. 0-7
2. 7-14
Q46. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
Bleaching powder is also known as chloride of lime. It is a solid and yellowish white in colour. Bleaching powder can be easily identified by the strong smell of chlorine. When calcium
hydroxide (slaked lime) reacts with chlorine, it gives calcium oxychloride (bleaching powder) and water is formed. Aqueous solution of bleaching powder is basic in nature. The material to be
bleached is first passed through solution of Na OH to remove greasy matter. Then it is passed through aqueous solution of bleaching powder and very dil. HCl solution. HCl reacts with
bleaching powder to liberate nascent oxygen which bleaches material.
1. Bleaching powder is used as:
1. Bleaching agent in textile, paper and jute industry.
2. Disinfectant for water to make water free of germs.
3. Oxidising agent in many industries.
4. All of these.
2. Bleaching powder is also known as:
1. Calcium oxychloride.
2. Calcium hypochlorite.
3. Chloride of lime.
4. All of these.
3. Bleaching powder gives smell of chlorine because it.
1. Is unstable.
2. Gives chlorine on exposure to atmosphere.
3. Is a mixture of chlorine and slaked lime.
4. Contains excess of chlorine.
4. Select the correct statement (s) regarding bleaching powder.
1. It is pale yellow powder having smell of chlorine.
2. It is sparingly soluble in water and gives milky suspension when dissolved in water.
3. As bleaching powder gives nascent oxygen, it shows bleaching property.
4. All of these.
5. Identify the product 'X' in the given reaction.
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → X + H2O
1. CaOCl2
2. CaCl2
3. Ca(ClO3)2
4. CaCO3

Q47. A cloth strip dipped in onion juice is used for testing a liquid ‘X’. The liquid ‘X’ changes its odour. Which type of an indicator is onion juice? The liquid ‘X’ turns blue litmus red. List the
observations the liquid ‘X’ will show on reacting with the following:
1. Zinc granules.
2. Solid sodium carbonate.
Write the chemical equations for the reactions involved.

Q48.

Nettle is a herbaceous plant which grows in the wild. Its leaves have stinging hair, which cause painful stings when touched accidentally. This is due to the methanoic acid secreted by them.
A traditional remedy is rubbing the area with the leaf of the dock plant, which often grows beside the nettle in the wild.
1. Nettle secrets which acid?
 1. Hydrochloric acid
2. Nitric acid
3. Methanoic acid
4. Ethanoic acid
2. Which plant grows besides nettle?
1. Hibiscus
2. Dock
3. Neem
4. Basil
3. True or false. Stinging hair of nettle leaves inject methanoic acid causing burning pain.
1. True
2. False
4. Use of a mild base like baking soda on the stung area gives relief. Is this statement true?
1. Yes
2. No
5. What is the nature of dock plant?
1. Acidic
2. Basic
3. Neutral
4. None of these

Q49.

A stain of curry on a white cloth becomes reddish brown when soap is scrubbed on it because Curry contains turmeric powder and soap is basic in nature. Bases turn turmeric red. Hence,
when soap (which is basic in nature) is scrubbed on the stain, the stain turns red. When the cloth is washed with plenty of water, the soap is removed and the yellow colour of the stain
reappears.
1. Example of a natural indicator?
1. Turmeric
2. Chilli powder
2. Bases turn turmeric _____.
1. Orange
2. Red
3. Is soap basic in nature?
1. Yes
2. No
4. Why did the stain become reddish brown when soap is scrubbed on it?
1. As it was acidic in nature
2. As it is basic in nature
5. What happens when the cloth is washed with plenty of water?
1. It turns red again
2. It turns yellow again

Q50.

Our body works within the pH range of 7.0 to 7.8. Living organisms can survive only in a narrow range of pH change. When pH of rain water is less than 5.6, it is called acid rain. When acid
rain flows into the river, it lowers the pH of the river water. The survival of aquatic life in such rivers becomes difficult.
1. Survival of animals in _____ water is difficult.
1. Acidic
2. Alkaline
3. Neutral
4. None of these
2. Typical acid rain has a pH value of.
1. 2
2. 7
3. 11
4. 4
3. pH of our body is slightly.
1. Acidic
2. Alkaline
3. Neutral
4. None of these
4. Optimal pH for many aquatic species is between.
1. 7 to 9
2. 11 to 14
3. 4 to 6
4. 14
5. True or false. Low pH levels cause fish kill by stressing animal systems and causing physical damage, which in turn makes them more vulnerable to disease.
1. True
2. False

Q51. 1. You have three unlabelled test tubes containing ethanol, ethanoic acid and soap solution. Explain the method you would use to identify the compounds in different test tubes by
chemical tests using litmus paper and sodium metal.
 2. Give the reason of formation of scum when soaps are used with hard water.

Q52. With the help of labelled diagrams, describe an activity to show that acids produce ions only in aqueous solutions.

Q53.

The strength of acids and bases depends on the number of H+ ions and OH- ons produced, respectively. If we take hydrochloric acid and acetic acid of the same concentration, say one molar,
then these produce different amounts of hydrogen ions. Acids that give rise to more H+ ions are said to be strong acids, and acids that give less H+ ions are said to be weak acids.
1. True or false. The acids that give rise to more OH+ are called strong acids as well as strong bases.
1. True
2. False
2. Which of the following is the strong acid?
1. Acetic acid
2. Formic acid
3. Hydrochloric acid
4. None of these
3. Does OH- and H+ ions determine the strength of an acid or a base?
1. Yes
2. No
3. Maybe
4. Which one is correctly matched about acids?
1. Acid- pH above 7
2. Acid- pH below 7
3. Acid- pH equal to 7
4. None of these
5. Which of the following is neither an acid nor base?
1. CH3COOH
2. H2SO4
3. KCl
4. NaOH

Q54. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
Chemically, Plaster of Paris (POP) is calcium sulphate hemihydrate, i.e., containing half molecule of water of crystallisation. It is represented by the formula, CaSO4 . 12 H2 O. Half molecule of
water of crystallisation means that one water molecule is shared by two formula units of CaSO4. Hence, we also represent its formula as (CaS04)2· H2O. The name, plaster of Paris, was given
to this compound because for the first time, it was made from gypsum which was mainly found in Paris.
1. The difference of water molecules in gypsum and plaster of Paris is:
5
1. 2
2. 2
1
3. 2
3
4. 2
2. Plaster of Paris hardens by:
1. Giving off CO2.
2. Changing into CaCO3.
3. combining with water.
4. giving out water.
3. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
1. Plaster of Paris is used to ornate designs on walls and ceilings.
2. On heating gypsum above 373K, CaSO4 is obtained.
3. Dead burnt plaster is CaSO4· 2H2O.
4. Setting of plaster is due to its hydration into gypsum.
4. Select the incorrect statement with respect to gypsum.
1. It is slightly soluble in water.
2. It is also known as alabaster.
3. On heating gypsum at 373K, it loses water molecules and becomes calcium sulphate hemihydrate.
1
4. Chemical formula of gypsum is CaSO4 . 2 H2 O.
5. Plaster of Paris is obtained by:
1. Adding water to calcium sulphate.
2. Adding sulphuric acid to calcium hydroxide.
3. Heating gypsum to a very high temperature.
4. Heating gypsum to 100°C.

Q55. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
The preparation of washing soda is carried out through following steps:
Step-I: Manufacture of sodium hydrogen carbonate:
NaCl + H2 O + NH3 + CO2 −−−→ NaHCO3 + NH4 Cl
Sodium
hydrogen carbonate
Step-II: Thermal decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate : When dry crystals of sodium hydrogen carbonate are heated strongly, they decompose to form anhydrous sodium carbonate
(soda ash).
2NaHCO3(s) −−−→

Step-III: Recrystallisation of sodium carbonate : Sodium carbonate thus obtained is recrystallised to form crystals of washing soda.
Na CO + 10H O −−−→ Na CO .10H O
2 2(s) 2 (l) 2 3 2 (s)
Anhydrous Washing soda
Sodium carbonate
1. Some of the uses of washing soda are given below:
1. It is used for removing permanent hardness of water.
 2. It is used in glass industry.
3. It is used in paper industry.
4. It is used in the manufacture of sodium compounds such as borax.
Select the correct option regarding uses of washing soda.
1. (I) and (II) only.
2. (II) and (III) only.
3. (II) and (IV) only.
4. (I), (II), (III) and (IV).
2. What products will be formed along with water when sodium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?
1. CO and NaCl.
2. Na and CO2.
3. NaCl and CO2.
4. Na and CO
3. Chief raw materials for the manufacture of washing soda are:
1. Sodium chloride, ammonia and limestone.
2. Ammonia, sodium hydrogen carbonate and copper sulphate.
3. Sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride and ammonia.
4. Calcium chloride, sodium chloride and copper sulphate.
4. What is the action of sodium carbonate on litmus paper?
1. Turns red litmus blue.
2. Turns blue litmus red.
3. No change on litmus.
4. Both (a) and (b).
5. What products will be obtained when solution of sodium carbonate and slaked lime is heated?
1. NaOH and CaCl2.
2. CaCO3 and NaOH.
3. NaHCO3 and NaOH.
4. NaCl and CaCO3.

Q56. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
A compound, X of sodium forms a white powder. It is a constituent of baking powder and is used in some antacids. When heated it gives a compound, Y which is anhydrous and absorbs
water to become a hydrated salt. When this salt is kept in open air, it loses water molecules in a process called efflorescence. When dissolved in water it forms a strong base and a weak acid,
Z.
1. What is the compound, X?
1. NaHCO3
2. Na2CO3
3. NaOH
4. NaCl
2. The compound, Y is:
1. NaHCO3
2. Na2CO3
3. Na2CO3. I0H2O
4. NaCl
3. What is the nature of the solution formed by dissolving Y in water?
1. Alkaline.
2. Acidic.
3. Neutral.
4. It remains insoluble.
4. Identify the compound, Z:
1. CO2
2. H2CO3
3. NaOH
4. H2O
5. Sodium carbonate is a basic compound because it is a salt of a:
1. Strong acid and strong base.
2. Weak acid and weak base.
3. Strong acid and weak base.
4. Weak acid and strong base.

Q57.

Chlorine is produced during the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (brine). This chlorine gas is used for the manufacture of bleaching powder. Bleaching powder is produced by the
action of chlorine on dry slaked lime [Ca(OH)2 ]. Bleaching powder is represented as CaOCl2 though the actual composition is quite complex.
1. Chlorine is produced by which of the following process?
1. Electrolysis
2. Evaporation
2. What is produced by the action of chlorine?
1. Baking soda
2. Bleaching powder
3. What is the formula of Bleaching powder?
1. CaOCl3
 2. CaOCl2
4. What is used to prepare bleaching powder?
1. Chlorine gas
2. Hydrogen gas
5. On the action of dry slaked lime with chlorine what is formed?
1. Baking soda
2. Bleaching powder

Q58. Match Column I with Column II.

Column I Column II
A. Lactic Acid (i) Curd
B. Formic Acid (ii) Anti-sting
C. Acetic Acid (iii) Guava
D. Oxalic Acid (iv) Vinegar

Q59. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Take solutions of glucose, alcohol, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, etc. Fix two nails on a cork, and place the cork in a 100 mL beaker. Connect the nails to the two terminals of a 6-volt
battery through a bulb and a switch. Now pour some dilute HCl in the beaker and switch on the current. Repeat with dilute sulphuric acid. Observe what happens. Repeat the experiment
separately with glucose and alcohol solutions. Does the bulb glow in all cases?
1. What happens to the bulb when you pour dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the beaker and switch on the current?
2. Does the bulb glow when you pour glucose solution into the beaker and switch on the current?
3. Why does the bulb glow when using dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4) in the experiment?
OR
3. Explain why the bulb does not glow when using alcohol solution in the experiment.

Q60. Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reaction taking place when–
1. Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules.
2. Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.
3. Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminium powder.
4. Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron filings.

Q61. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Salts of a strong acid and a strong base are neutral with a pH value of 7. On the other hand, salts of a strong acid and a weak base are acidic with a pH value less than 7, and those of a strong
base and a weak acid are basic in nature, with a pH value more than 7.
1. What is the pH value of salts formed by the reaction of a strong acid and a strong base?
2. How does the pH of a salt formed from a strong base and a weak acid compare to that of pure water?
3. Explain why salts formed from a strong acid and a weak base are acidic.
OR
3. Describe the nature and pH of a solution when a salt formed from a weak acid and a strong base is dissolved in water.

Q62. Match the important chemicals given in Column (A) with the chemical formulae given in Column (B).
Column (A) Column (B)
A. Plaster of Paris 1. Ca(OH)2
B. Gypsum 2. CaSO4.1/2H2O
C. Bleaching Powder 3. CaSO4.2H2O
D. Slaked Lime 4. CaOCl2

Q63. Match the acids given in Column (A) with their correct source given in Column (B).
Column (A) Column (B)
A. Lactic Acid 1. Tomato
B. Acetic Acid 2. Lemon
C. Citric acid 3. Vinegar
E. Oxalic acid 4. Curd

Q64. The teacher while conducting practicals in the laboratory divided the students into three groups and gave them various solutions to find out their pH and classify them into acidic, basic and
neutral solutions.
Group A — Lemon juice, vinegar, colourless aerated drink.
Group B — Tomato juice, coffee, ginger juice.
Group C — Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, lime water.
1. For the solutions provided, which group is/are likely to have pH value (i) less than 7, and (ii) greater than 7?
2. List two ways of determining pH of a solution
3. Explain, why the sour substances such as lemon juice are effective in cleaning the tarnished copper vessels.
OR
3. “pH has great importance in our daily life.” Justify this statement by giving two examples.

Q65. In the following schematic diagram for the preparation of hydrogen gas as shown in Figure, what would happen if following changes are made?

1. In place of zinc granules, same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube.
2. Instead of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid is taken.
3. In place of zinc, copper turnings are taken.
4. Sodium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated.

Q66. The melting points and boiling points of some ionic compounds are given below:
Compound Melting Point (K) Boiling Point (K)
 NaCl 1074 1686
LiCl 887 1600
CaCl2 1045 1900
CaO 2850 3120
MgCl2 981 1685

These compounds are termed ionic because they are formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal. The electron transfer in such compounds is controlled by the
electronic configuration of the elements mvolved. Every element tends to attain a completely filled valence shell of its nearest noble gas or a stable octet.
1. Show the electron transfer in the formation of magnesium chloride.
2. List two properties of ionic compounds other than their high melting and boiling points.
3. While forming an ionic compound say sodium chloride how does sodium atom attain its stable configuration?
OR
3. Give reasons:
1. Why do ionic compounds in the solid state not conduct electricity?
2. What happens at the cathode when electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride?

Q67. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
On heating gypsum at 373K, it loses water molecules and becomes calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4 · H2O). This is called Plaster of Paris. Plaster of Paris is a white powder and on
mixing with water, it changes to gypsum once again, giving a hard solid mass.
Water of crystallisation is the fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt. Five water molecules are present in one formula unit of copper sulphate. The chemical
formula for hydrated copper sulphate is CuSO4 · 5H2O. Now you would be able to answer the question of whether the molecule of Na2CO3 · 10H2O is wet.
1. What is the chemical formula for Plaster of Paris?
2. How many water molecules are present in one formula unit of hydrated copper sulphate?
3. Explain the process of formation of Plaster of Paris from gypsum.
OR
3. Define water of crystallisation and provide an example with its chemical formula.

Q68. State two uses each of the following compounds:

1. Sodium hydroxide.
2. Chlorine.
3. Hydrogen.
4. Hydrochloric acid.

Q69. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
The reaction between carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide (lime water) demonstrates that non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature. Calcium hydroxide, which is a base, reacts with carbon
dioxide to produce a salt (calcium carbonate) and water. This reaction is similar to the reaction between a base and an acid, leading to the conclusion that non-metallic oxides, like carbon
dioxide, exhibit acidic properties.
Ca(OH)2 ​+ CO2​→ CaCO3​+ H2​O
1. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide.
2. What type of reaction is exhibited by the interaction between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide?
3. Explain why the reaction between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide can be used to conclude that non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature.
OR
3. Describe what happens to lime water when carbon dioxide is passed through it and provide the chemical equation for the process.

Q70. The pH values of five solutions A, B, C, D and E are given below:

1. 1
2. 5
3. 7
4. 11
5. 13
Which solution is:
1. Weakly alkaline.
2. Neutral.
3. Strongly acidic.
4. Strongly alkaline, and.
5. Weakly acidic?

Q71. Write the chemical formula of ammonium chloride. Explain why an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride is acidic in nature? Illustrate your answer with the help of a chemical equation.

Q72. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (called brine), it decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. This process is called the chlor-alkali process because of
the products formed – chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.
1. What are the main products formed during the chlor-alkali process?
2. Why is the process called the chlor-alkali process?
3. Explain the chemical reaction that takes place during the chlor-alkali process.
OR
3. Discuss the importance of the chlor-alkali process in the chemical industry.

Q73. Solution A turns universal indicator blue to purple whereas solution B turns universal indicator orange to red.
1. What will be the action of solution A on litmus?
2. What will be action of solution B on litmus?
3. Name any two substances which can give solutions like A.
4. Name any two substances which can give solutions like B.
5. What sort of reaction takes place when solution A reacts with solution B?

Q74. Consider the following salts:

Na2CO3, NaCl, NH4Cl, CH3COONa, K2SO4, (NH4) SO4 Which of these salts will give:
1. Acidic solutions?
2. Neutral solutions?
3. Basic solutions (or alkaline solutions)?

Q75. Salt A commonly used in bakery products on heating gets converted into another salt B which itself is used for removal of hardness of water and a gas C is evolved. The gas C when passed
through lime water, turns it milky. Identify A, B and C.

Q76. Name three products of the chlor-alkali process. State two uses of each product.
Q77. What is baking soda? Write the chemical name of baking soda. Give the important uses of baking soda. How does baking soda differ chemically from washing soda?

Q78. A chemical compound ‘X’ is used in the soap and glass industry. It is prepared from brine.
1. Write the chemical name, common name and chemical formula of ‘X’.
2. Write the equation involved in its preparation.
3. What happens when it is treated with water containing Ca or Mg salts?

Q79. A metal ‘M’ on reacting with dilute acid liberates a gas ‘G’. The same metal also liberates gas ‘G’ when reacts with a base.
1. Write the name of gas ‘G’.
2. How will you test the presence of this gas?
3. Write chemical equations for the reactions of the metal with (1) an acid and (2) a base.

Q80. What happens when an acid or a base is added to the water? Why does the beaker appear warm? Why should we always add acid or base to the water and not water to the acid or base?

Q81. When zinc metal is treated with a dilute solution of a strong acid, a gas is evolved, which is utilised in the hydrogenation of oil. Name the gas evolved. Write the chemical equation of the
reaction involved and also write a test to detect the gas formed.

Q82. The metal salt A is blue in colour. When salt A is heated strongly over a burner, then a substance B is eliminated and a white powder C is left behind. When a few drops of a liquid D are
added to powder C, it becomes blue again. What could be A, B, C and D?

Q83. How will you get relief if an insect bites?

Q84. What happens when CO2 gas is passed through lime water?

Q85. Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4, 1, 11, 7 and 9, respectively. Which solution is
1. Neutral?
2. Strongly alkaline?
3. Strongly acidic?
4. Weakly acidic?
5. Weakly alkaline?
Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration.

Q86. Write the formulae of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate. Explain why an aqueous solution of sodium chloride is neutral but an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate is basic (or
alkaline). Write chemical equations of the reactions involved.

Q87. 1. The pH of a sample of tomato juice is 4.6. How is this juice likely to be in taste? Give reason to justify your answer.
2. How do we differentiate between a strong acid and a weak base in terms of ion-formation in aqueous solutions?
3. The acid rain can make the survival of aquatic animals difficult. How?

Q88. In an industrial process used for the manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas ‘A’ is formed as a by-product. The gas ‘A’ reacts with lime water to give a compound ‘B’ which is used as a
bleaching agent in the chemical industry. Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’. Also give the chemical equations of the reactions involved.

Q89. Give reasons:

Use of a mild base like baking soda provides relief on the area stung by honeybee.<

Q90. Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence. The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if one
of the compounds formed is calcium chloride.

Q91. A substance X’ is used as a building material and is insoluble in water. When it reacts with dil. HCl, it produces a gas which turns lime water milky.
1. Write the chemical name and formula of X',
2. Write chemical equations for the chemical reactions involved in the above statements.

Q92. 1. While electrolysing water before passing the current some drops of an acid are added. Why? Name the gases liberated at cathode and anode. Write the relationship between the
volume of gas collected at anode and the volume of gas collected at cathode.
2. What is observed when silver chloride is exposed to sunlight ? Give the type of reaction involved.

Q93. 1. Suggest a safe procedure of diluting a strong concentrated acid.

2. Name the salt formed when sulphuric acid is added to sodium hydroxide and write its pH.
3. Dry HCI gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper. Why?

Q94. Draw the pattern of the magnetic field lines due to a straight current carrying conductor indicating the direction of current in the conductor and the direction of the corresponding magnetic
field lines.

Q95. State some of the uses of mineral acids in industry.

Q96. In one of the industrial processes used for manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas X is formed as by product. The gas X reacts with lime water to give a compound Y which is used as a
bleaching agent in chemical industry. Identify X and Y giving the chemical equation of the reactions involved.

Q97. Identify the compound X on the basis of the reactions given below. Also, write the name and chemical formulae of A, B and C.

Q98. This question requires understanding of the chemical compound 'X' used in the soap and glass industry, its preparation from brine, and its reaction with water containing Ca or Mg salts.

Q99. Fill in the missing data in the following table.

Salt obtained from
Name of the salt Formula
Base Acid
1. Ammonium chloride NH4Cl NH4OH -
2. Copper sulphate - - H2SO4
3. Sodium chloride NaCl NaOH -
4. Magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 - HNO3
5. Potassium sulphate K2SO4 - -
6. Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 Ca(OH)2 -

Q100. Fill in the missing data in the given table.

Q101. When a sodium compound X which is also used in soda-fire extinguisher is heated, gives a sodium compound Y along with water and carbon dioxide. Y on crystallisation forms compound Z.
Identi

Q102. Write any two natural and two synthetic indicators.

A student dropped few pieces of marble in dilute HCl contained in a test tube. The evolved gas was passed through lime water.
1. What change would be observed in lime water?
2. Write balanced chemical equation for the above change.

Q103. What happens when a concentrated solution of sodium chloride is electrolysed? Write the equation of the reaction involved.

Q104. How is washing soda prepared from sodium carbonate? Give its chemical equation. State the type of this salt. Name the type of hardness of water which 'can be removed by it?

Q105. Hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal X to form a gas Y which bums with a ‘pop’ sound. Sodium hydroxide solution also reacts with the same metal X (on heating) to form the same gas Y.
1. Name X and Y.
2. Write the chemical equation of the reaction of metal X with.
1. Hydrochloric acid, and
2. Sodium hydroxide solution.

Q106. 1. Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity?

2. Name the following compound:

3. Name the gas evolved when ethanoic acid is added to sodium carbonate. How would you prove the presence of this gas?

Q107. Give reason why solution of sulphuric acid conduct electricity whereas, alcohol does not.

Q108. A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
1. Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?
2. Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?

Q109. How H3O+ ion is formed in water solution?

Q110. During electrolysis of brine, a gas ‘G’ is liberated at anode. When this gas ‘G’ is passed through slaked lime, a compound ‘C’ is formed, which is used for disinfecting drinking water.
1. Write formula of ‘G’ and ‘C’.
2. State the chemical equation involved.
3. What is common name of compound ‘C’? Give its chemical name.

Q111. Define ‘hormones’. Name the hormone secreted by thyroid. Write its function. Why is the use of iodised salt advised to us?

Q112. 1. Suggest one remedial measure each to counteract the change in pH in human beings in following cases:
1. Production of too much acid in stomach during indigestion.
2. Stung by a honey bee/ nettle leaves.
2. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When it changes into curd will its pH increase or decrease? Why?

Q113. Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? How will you test for the presence of this gas?

Q114. State the effect of concentration of H+(aq) ions on the nature of the solution. Do basic solutions also have H+(aq) ions? If yes, then why are these basic?

Q115. How is sodium hydroxide manufactured in industries? Name the process. In this process a gas X is formed as by-product. This gas reacts with lime water to give a compound Y, which is used
as a bleaching agent in the chemical industry. Identify X and Y and write the chemical equation of the reactions involved.

Q116. When a piece of limestone reacts with dilute HCl, a gas X is produced. When gas X is passed through lime water then a white precipitate Y is formed. On passing excess of gas X, the white
precipitate dissolves forming a soluble compound Z.
1. What are X, Y and Z?
2. Write equations for the reactions which take place:
1. When limestone reacts with dilute HCl.
2. When gas X reacts with lime water to form white precipitate Y.
3. When excess of gas X dissolves white precipitate Y to form a soluble compound Z.

Q117. 1. What is ‘Water of crystalisation’?

2. With the help of equations, state what happens when:
1. Baking soda is heated during cooking?
2. Gypsum is heated at 373K?

Q118. 1. Sometimes the pH of our mouth gets lower than 5 . 5. Why?

2. A basic salt X’ is obtained by heating baking soda followed by crystallisation. Identify X’ and state its two industrial uses.
3. Why do copper sulphate crystals turn white on heating?

Q119. On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to copper oxide powder, the solution formed is blue-green.
1. Predict the new compound formed which imparts a blue-green colour to solution.
2. Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction which takes place.
3. On the basis of the above reaction, what can you say about the nature of copper oxide?

Q120. In the electrolysis of water.

1. Name the gases liberated at anode and cathode.
2. Why is it that the volume of gas collected on one electrode is two times that on the other electrode?
3. What would happen if dil. H2SO4 is not added to water?

Q121. While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?

Q122. What happens when nitric acid is added to egg shell?

Q123. Name three products of the chlor-alkali process. State two uses of each of these products.

Q124. A compound X which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed with a proper quantity of water.
 1. Identify the compound X,
2. Write the chemical equation for its preparation.
3. For what purpose is it used in hospitals?

Q125. For making cake, baking powder is taken. If at home your mother uses baking soda instead of baking powder in cake,
1. How will it affect the taste of the cake and why?
2. How can baking soda be converted into baking powder?
3. What is the role of tartaric acid added to baking soda?

Q126. Silver chloride kept in a china dish turns grey in sunlight.

1. Write the colour of silver chloride when it was kept in the china dish.
2. Name the type of chemical reaction taking place and write the chemical equation for the reaction.
3. State one use of the reaction. Name one more chemical which can be used for the same purpose.

Q127. Name the compound whose one formula unit is associated with 10 water molecules. How is it prepared? Give equations of related reactions. Give two uses of the compound.

Q128. Give reasons:

Baking powder is added to make the cakes spongy and soft.

Q129. A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed with proper quantity of water.
1. Identify the compound.
2. Write the chemical equation for its preparation.
3. Mention one important use of this compound.

Q130. What is the effect of dilution on an acid or base?

Q131. Identify the acid and the base from which sodium chloride is obtained. Which type of salt is it? When is it called rock salt? How is rock salt formed?

Q132. 1. Name one antacid. How does it help to relieve indigestion in stomach?
2. A farmer treats the soil with quicklime or calcium carbonate. What is the nature of soil? Why does the farmer treat the soil with quicklime?

Q133. Write the chemical composition of tooth enamel. Under what conditions of pH it starts corroding? Explain the reason of tooth decay and suggest one method to prevent it.

Q134. Identify the compound of calcium which is yellowish white powder and is used for disinfecting drinking water. Write its chemical name and formula. How is it manufactured? Write the
chemical equation for the reaction involved. Also, list two other uses of the compound.

Q135. Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.

Q136. Give reason to justify the following:

1. The existence of decomposers is essential in a biosphere.
2. Flow of energy in a food chain is unidirectional.

Q137. Explain the following chemical properties of acids with the help of balanced chemical equations only.
1. When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate.
2. When an acid reacts with a metal bicarbonate.
3. When an acid reacts with a metal oxide.

Q138. What is meant by strong bases and weak bases? Classify the following into strong bases and weak bases:
NH4OH, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2

Q139. What is washing soda? State two properties and two uses of washing soda.

Q140. A sulphate salt of Group 2 element of the Periodic Table is a white, soft substance, which can be moulded into different shapes by making its dough. When this compound is left in open for
some time, it becomes a solid mass and cannot be used for moulding purposes. Identify the sulphate salt and why does it show such a behaviour? Give the reaction involved.

Q141. Give reasons for the following:

1. Only one half of water molecule is shown in the formula of Plaster of Paris.
2. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as an antacid.
3. On strong heating, blue coloured copper sulphate crystals turn white.

Q142. The atomic number of an element is 20.

1. Write its electronic configuration and determine its valency.
2. Is it a metal or a non-metal?
3. Write the formula of its chloride.
4. Is it more reactive or less reactive than Mg (atomic number 12)? Give reason for your answer.

Q143. This question asks for a recall of the gases liberated during the electrolysis of water.

Q144. Write three different chemical reactions showing the conversion of ethanoic acid to sodium ethanoate. Write balanced chemical equation in each case. Write the name of the reactants and
the products other than ethanoic acid and sodium ethanoate in each case.

Q145. 1. While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?
2. Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not change the colour of dry litmus paper. Why?

Q146. Give one example each of a salt which gives an aqueous solution having:
1. pH less than 7
2. pH equal to 7
3. pH more than 7

Q147. List the important products of the Chlor-alkali process. Write one important use of each.

Q148. What are strong and weak acids? In the following list of acids, separate strong acids from weak acids. Hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, formic acid, sulphuric acid.

Q149. What happens when an acid reacts with a base? Explain by taking the example of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Give equation of the chemical reaction which takes place. What is
the special name of such a reaction?

Q150. When potassium iodide solution is added to a solution of lead (II) nitrate in a test tube, a precipitate is formed.
1. What is the colour of this precipitate? Name the compound precipitated.
2. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
3. List two types of reactions in which this reaction can be placed.

Q151.
 A dry pellet of a common base B, when kept in open absorbs moisture and turns sticky. The compound B is also a by-product of chloralkali process. Identify B. State the type of reaction that
occurs when B is treated with an acidic oxide, say sulphur dioxide. Also write chemical equation for the reaction involved.
Q152. A dry pellet of a common base B, when kept in open absorbs moisture and turns sticky. The compound is also a by–product of chloralkali process. Identify B. What type of reaction occurs
when B is treated with an acidic oxide? Write a balanced chemical equation for one such solution.

Q153. What is ‘chlor-alkali’ process and what products are formed during this process?

Q154. Here are some results of solutions tested with universal indicator paper:
1. Sulphuric acid: Red
2. Metal polish: Dark blue
3. Washing-up liquid:
4. Yellow Milk of magnesia:
5. Light blue Oven cleaner:
6. Purple Car battery acid: Pink
Arrange the solutions in order of their increasing pH values (starting with the one with the lowest pH).

Q155. 1. Draw a labelled diagram to show the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas in laboratory.
2. Test the gas evolved first with dry and then with wet litmus paper. In which of the two cases, does the litmus paper show change incolour?
3. State the reason of exhibiting acidic character by dry HCl gas/ HCl solution.

Q156. Explain why is hydrochloric acid is called, a strong acid and acetic acid, a weak acid? How can it be verified?

Q157. A white shirt has a yellow stain of curry. When soap is rubbed on this shirt during washing, the yellow stain turns reddish-brown. On rinsing the shirt with plenty of water, the reddish-brown
stain turns yellow again.
1. Name the natural indicator present in curry stain.
2. Explain the changes in colour of this indicator which take place during washing and rinsing the shirt.
3. What is the nature of soap (acidic/ basic) as shown by the indicator present in curry stain?

Q158. State in brief the method of preparation of bleaching powder. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved and state the uses of bleaching powder.

Q159. What are amphoteric oxides? Give an example. Write balanced chemical equations to justify your answer.

Q160. 1. What are amphoteric oxides? Choose the amphoteric oxides from amongst the following oxides:
Na2 O, ZnO, Al2 O3 , CO2 , H2 O
2. Why is it that non-metals do not displace hydrogen from dilute acids?

Q161. Among sulphurous acid and sulphuric acid, which is stronger and why?

Q162. Based on the group valency of elements write the molecular formula of the following compounds giving justification for each:
1. Oxide of first group elements.
2. Halide of the elements of group thirteen.
3. Compound formed when an element, A of group 2 combines with an element, B of group seventeen.

Q163. Write the chemical formula of washing soda. How can it be obtained from baking soda? List two industries in which washing soda is used for other purposes than washing clothes.

Q164. How toothpaste prevents tooth decay?

Q165. Salt ‘P’, commonly used in bakery products, on heating gets converted into another salt ‘Q’ which itself is used for the removal of hardness of water and a gas ‘R’ is evolved. The gas ‘R’ when
passed through freshly prepared lime water turns milky. Identify ‘P’, ‘Q’ and ‘R’, giving chemical equation for the justification of your answer.

Q166. The pH of a salt used to make tasty and crispy pakoras is 14. Identify the salt and write a chemical equation for its formation. List its two uses.

Q167. Write the name and formula of one salt each which contains:
1. Two molecules of water of crystallisation.
2. Tive molecules of water of crystallisation.
3. Ten molecules of water of crystallisation.

Q168. A metal compound ‘X’ reacts with dil.H2SO4 to produce effervescence. The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. If one of the compounds formed is calcium sulphate, then what is ‘X’
and the gas evolved? Also, write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction which occurred.

Q169. Explain how pH change in the lake water can endanger the lives of aquatic animals (like fish). What can be done to lessen the danger to the lives of aquatic animals in the lake?

Q170. Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to test tube A, while acetic acid (CH3COOH) is added to test tube B. In which test tube
will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?

Q171. A student is studying the properties of acetic acid in his school laboratory. List two physical and two chemical properties which he must observe and note in his record book.

Q172. Name the acids or alkalis used to make,

1. Car batteries.
2. Explosives.
3. Soaps.
4. Fertilisers..

Q173. What happens when zinc granules are heated with sodium hydroxide solution?
Write equation of the reaction which takes place.

Q174. What are organic acids and mineral acids?

Q175. 1. Name the products formed when sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated.
2. Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved in the above.

Q176. Mention the essential material (chemicals) to prepare soap in the laboratory. Describe in brief the test of determining the nature (acidic/alkaline) of the reaction mixture of saponification
reaction.

Q177. A white chemical compound becomes hard on mixing with proper quantity of water. It is also used in surgery to maintain joints in a fixed position. Name the chemical compound.

Q178. What happens when an acid reacts with a metal oxide? Explain with the help of an example. Write a balanced equation for the reaction involved.

Q179. What is brine? What happens when an electric current is passed through it? Write chemical equation for it.

Q180. Identify the acid and the base whose combination forms the common salt that you use in your food. Write its formula and chemical name of this slat. Name the source from where it is
obtained.
Q181. The pH values of six solutions A to F are given below:
A = 0, B = 11, C = 6, D = 3, E = 13, F = 8

Q182. Describe how sodium hydrogencarbonate (baking soda) is produced on a large scale. Write equation of the reaction involved.

Q183. A substance X which is used as an antacid reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce a gas Y which is used in one type of fire-extinguisher. Name the substance X and gas Y. Write a
balanced equation for the chemical reaction which takes place.

Q184. What is meant by strong acids and weak acids? Classify the following into strong acids and weak acids:
HCl, CH3 COOH, H2SO4, HNO3, H2CO, H2SO3

Q185. Out of HCl and CH3COOH, which one is a weak acid and why? Explain with the help of an example.

Q186. Write the chemical formula for washing soda. How may it be obtained from baking soda? Name an industrial use of washing soda other than washing clothes.

Q187. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When it changes into curd (yogurt), will its pH value increase or decrease? Why?

Q188. When the concentrated aqueous solution of substance X is electrolysed, then NaOH, Cl2 and H2 are produced. Name the substance X. What is the special name of this process?

Q189. What is observed when a pinch of sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to 2mL of acetic acid taken in a test tube? Write chemical equation for the reaction involved in this case.

Q190. When you add sodium hydrogen carbonate to acetic acid in a test tube, a gas liberates immediately with a brisk effervescence. Name this gas. Describe the method of testing this gas.

Q191. Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. Explain why?

Q192. How could the person change his eating habits to lessen chances of suffering from tooth decay?

Q193. A white powdery substance having strong smell of chlorine is used for disinfecting drinking water supply at waterworks. Identify the substance. Give its chemical name and write the
chemical reaction for its preparation.

Q194. What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.

Q195. A salt X when dissolved in distilled water gives a clear solution which turns red litmus blue. Explain the phenomenon.

Q196. What happens when a cold and concentrated solution of sodium chloride reacts with ammonia and carbon dioxide? Write the chemical equation of the reaction which takes place.

Q197. Name an indicator which is:

1. Pink in acidic solution and yellow in basic solution.
2. Colourless in acidic solution and pink in basic solution.

Q198. Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?

Q199. The industrial process used for the manufacture of caustic soda mvolves electrolysis of an aqueous solution of compound ‘X’. In this process, two gases ‘Y’ and ‘Z’ are liberated. Y’ is liberated
at cathode and ‘Z’, which i1s liberated at anode, on treatment with dry slaked lime forms a compound ‘B’. Name X, Y, Z and B.

Q200. You are given three solutions A, B and C with pH values 2, 10 and 13 respectively. Write which solution has more hydrogen ions concentration among the three and state the nature ‘acidic or
basic’ of each solution.

Q201. What are ionic compounds? Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity in the solid state?

Q202. What happens during a wasp sting? What is its remedy?

Q203. Which type of chemical compound found in citrus fruits?

Q204. Why do HCl, HNO3, etc., show acidic characters in aqueous solutions while solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character?

Q205. In the experimental set up to show that "CO2 is given out during respiration", name the substance taken in the small test tube kept in the conical flask. State its function and the
consequence of its use.

Q206. A compound X' which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed with proper quantity of water.
1. Identify ‘X’ and write its chemical formula.
2. State the difference in chemical composition between baking soda and baking powder.

Q207. You have two solutions, A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acidic and which one is basic?

Q208. When a solution becomes more acidic, pH gets lower.

Q209. What do you observe when you drop a few drops of acetic acid to a test tube containing:
1. Phenolphthalein.
2. Distilled water.
3. Universal indicator.
4. Sodium hydrogen carbonate powder.

Q210. The soil in a field is highly acidic. Name two materials which can be added to this soil to reduce its acidity. Give the reason for your choice.

Q211. A teacher provided acetic acid, water, lemon juice, aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and sodium hydroxide to students in the school laboratory to determine the pH values of
these substances using pH papers. One of the students reported the pH values of the given substances as 3, 12, 4, 8 and 14 respectively. Which one of these values is not correct? Write its
correct value stating the reason.

Q212. "Sodium hydrogen carbonate is a basic salt." Justify this statement. How is it converted into washing soda?

Q213. What happens when a concentrated solution of sodium chloride (brine) is electrolysed? Write the equation of the reaction involved.

Q214. What happens during a bee sting? What is its remedy?

Q215. Write the role of HCl present in the stomach.

Q216. What happens when carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water:
1. for a short time?
2. for a considerable time?
Write equations of the reactions involved.

Q217. Which gas is liberated when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate? How will you test for the presence of this gas?

Q218. How many molecules of water of crystallisation (per formula unit) are present in:
1. Copper sulphate crystals?
 2. Washing soda?
3. Gypsum?

Q219. Sea water contains many salts dissolved in it. How can the salt that we use in food is obtained?

Q220. Separate the following into substances having pH values above and below 7. How do these influence litmus paper?

Q221. A white coloured powder is used by doctors for supporting fractured bones.
When this white powder is mixed with water a hard-solid mass is obtained. Write balanced chemical equation for the change.

Q222. What will be the action of the following substances on litmus paper? Dry HCl gas, Moistened NH3 gas, Lemon juice, Carbonated soft drink, Curd, Soap solution.

Q223. Two solutions M and N give Red and Blue colour respectively with a universal indicator.
1. In which solution will the hydrogen ion concentration be more? Justify your answer.
2. If both M and N solutions are mixed and the resultant mixture is tested with a universal indicator, it turns green. What is the nature of the salt formed? Justify your answer.

Q224. Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Illustrate with an example. How will you test for the presence of this gas?

Q225. State two important uses of plaster of Paris.

Q226. List in tabular form two differences between pepsin and trypsin.

Q227. Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rain water does?

Q228. Give reasons:

The colour of blue copper sulphate crystals changes to white on heating.

Q229. While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?

Q230. Potatoes grow well on Anhad’s farm which has soil with a pH of 5.5. Anhad decides to add lot of lime to soil so that he can grow broccoli in the same farm:
1. Do potatoes grow better in acidic or alkaline soil?
2. Does broccoli grow better in acidic or alkaline soil?

Q231. Why do HCl, HNO3, etc. show acidic characters in aqueous solutions while solutions while solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character?

Q232. A person found that the cake prepared by him is hard and small in size. Which ingredient has he forgotten to add that would have caused the cake to rise and become light? Explain your
answer.

Q233. What happens when a solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated? Write equation of the reaction involved.

Q234. You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution, respectively. If you are given only red
litmus paper, how will you identify the contents of each test tube?

Q235. When a solution is added to vanilla extract, then the characteristic smell of vanilla cannot be detected. State whether the given solution is an acid or a base.

Q236. Which chemical is injected into the skin of a person:

During the nettle leaf hair sting?
How can the effect of these stings be neutralised?

Q237. What is observed when 2mL of dilute hydrochloric acid is added to 1g of sodium carbonate taken in a clean and dry test tube? Write chemical equation for the reaction involved.

Q238. In three test tubes A, B, and C, three different liquids namely, distilled water, underground water and distilled water in which a pinch of calcium sulphate is dissolved, respectively are taken.
Equal amount of soap solution is added to each test tube and the contents are shaken. In which test tube will the length of the foam (lather) be longest? Justify your answer.

Q239. Explain the pH change as the cause of tooth decay. How can tooth decay caused by pH change be prevented?

Q240. A student took a small amount of copper oxide in a conical flask and added dilute hydrochloric acid to it with constant stiring. He observed a change in colour of the solution.
1. Write the name of the compound formed and its colour.
2. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved.

Q241. A gas ‘X’ reacts with lime water and forms a compound ‘Y’ which is used as a bleaching agent in chemical industry. Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’. Give the chemical equation of the reactions involved.

Q242. In the experiment to study the dependence of current (I) on the potential difference (V) across a resistor, a student obtained a graph as shown.
1. What does the graph depict about the dependence of current on the potential difference?
2. Find the current that flows through the resistor when the potential
difference across it is 2.5V.

Q243. Give a chemical reaction to prove that non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature.

Q244. Name the acid present in ant sting and give its chemical formula. Also give the common method to get relief from the discomfort caused by the ant sting.

Q245. In which pH range our body works?

Q246. A student is performing an experiment to study the properties of acetic acid. Answer the following questions:
1. Name the substance he must add to acetic acid to produce carbon dioxide.
2. Give the relevant chemical equation for the reaction.
3. How would he test CO2 gas in the laboratory?

Q247. Give two important uses of washing soda (or sodium carbonate).

Q248. What happens when an acid reacts with a metal? Give chemical equation of the reaction involved.
Q249. What happens when bases react with non-metal oxides? Explain with the help of an example. What does this reaction tell us about the nature of non-metal oxides?

Q250. What happens to:

1. The H ions, and
2. Temperature of the solution, when an acid is neutralised?

Q251. List two observations which you make when you add a pinch of sodium hydrogen carbonate to acetic acid in a test tube. Write chemical equation for the reaction that occurs.

Q252. How is plaster of Paris prepared? Write chemical equation of the reaction involved.

Q253. A gas is liberated immediately with a brisk effervescence, when you add acetic acid to sodium hydrogen carbonate powder in a test tube. Name the gas and describe the test that confirms
the identity of the gas.

Q254. 1. What is the colour of ferrous sulphate crystals? How does this colour change after heating?
2. Name the products formed on strongly heating ferrous sulphate crystals. What type of chemical reaction occurs in this change?

Q255. Crystals of a substance changed their colour on heating in a closed test tube but regained it after sometime when they were allowed to cool down. Name the substance and write its formula
and explain the phenomenon involved.

Q256. Give two examples each of organic acids and mineral acids.

Q257. Blue litmus solution is added to two test tubes A and B containing dilute HCl and NaOH solution respectively. In which test tube a colour change will be observed? State the colour change
and give its reason.

Q258. P and Q are aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide, respectively. Which of these will turn:
1. Blue litmus red?
2. Red litmus blue?

Q259. What is gypsum? What happens when gypsum is heated to 100°C (373 K)?

Q260. Bases should not be kept in active metal container. Why?

Q261. What is a universal indicator? For what purpose is it used?

Q262. Acetic acid is a weak acid and ammonia is a weak base. Discuss the term weak.

Q263. In addition to sodium hydrogencarbonate, baking powders contain a substance X. Name the substance X. What is the role of substance X in the baking powder?

Q264. What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium carbonate? Write a balanced chemical

Q265. To find the image distance for varying object distances in case of a convex lens of focal length 15 cm, a student obtains on a screen a sharp image of a bright object by placing it at 20 cm
distance from the lens. After that he gradually moves the object away from the lens and each time focuses the image on the screen.
1. In which direction-towards or away from the lens does he move the screen to focus the object?
2. How does the size of image change?
3. Approximately at what distance does he obtain the image of magnification -1?
4. How does the intensity of image change as the object moves farther and farther away from the lens?

Q266. Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?

Q267. A student prepared solutions of (i) an acid and (ii) a base in two separate beakers. She forgot to label the solutions and litmus paper is not available in the laboratory. Since both the solutions
are colourless, how will she distinguish between the two?

Q268. Explain the action of baking powder in the making of cake (or bread). Write equation of the reaction involved.

Q269. Give the names and formulae of two strong bases and two weak bases.

Q270. State two important uses of bleaching powder.

Q271. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain your answer.

Q272. List the conclusions you will draw while studying the following properties of ethanoic acid:
1. Odour.
2. Solubility in water.
3. Effect on litmus paper.
4. Reaction with sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Q273. Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?

Q274. What happens when an acid reacts with a metal hydrogencarbonate? Write equation of the reaction which takes place.

Q275. Which acid is produced in our stomach? What happens if there is an excess of acid in the stomach? How can its effect be cured?

Q276. 1. If you are asked to report your observations about the following two properties of acetic acid, what would you report?
1. Odour.
2. Effect on litmus.
2. If you take a pinch of sodium hydrogen carbonate powder in a test-tube and add drop-by-drop acetic acid to it, what would you observe immediately? List any two main observations.

Q277. What happens when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate? Explain with the help of an example.
Write chemical equation of the reaction involved.

Q278. You have been provided with three test-tubes. One of these test-tubes contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic and a basic solution respectively. If you are given only blue
litmus paper, how will you identify the contents of each test-tube?

Q279. What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrocarbonate is heated? Give the equation of the reaction involved.

Q280. A student prepared solutions of (i) an acid and (ii) a base in two separate beakers but forgot to label the solutions and litmus paper is not available in the laboratory. Since both the solutions
are colourless, how will he distinguish between the two using (a) phenolphthalein and (b) methyl orange?

Q281. What is “baking powder”? How does it make the cake soft and spongy?

Q282. Write the balanced chemical equation of chloro-alkali process.

Q283. A solution ‘X’ gives orange colour when a drop of it falls on pH paper, while another solution ‘Y’ gives bluish colour when a drop of it falls on pH paper. What is the nature of both the
solutions? Determine the pH of solutions ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
Q284. Why do HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, etc., show acidic character in aqueous solutions while solutions of compounds like C6H12O6 (glucose) and C6H12OH (alcohol) do not show acidic character?

Q285. What is a neutralisation reaction? Explain with an example. Give the chemical equation of the reaction which takes place.

Q286. What is a salt? Give the names and formulae of any two salts. Also name the acids and bases from which these salts may be obtained.

Q287. Name the acid present in ant sting and give its chemical formula. Also give the common method to get relief from the discomfort caused by the ant sting.

Q288. How does a universal indicator work?

Q289. What is an olfactory indicator? Name two olfactory indicators. What is the effect of adding sodium hydroxide solution to these olfactory indicators?

Q290. Why should curd and other sour foodstuffs (like lemon juice, etc.) not be kept in metal containers (such as copper and brass vessels)?

Q291. Write the neutralisation reaction between acids and bases in terms of the ions involved.

Q292. A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
1. Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?
2. Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?

Q293. A first-aid manual suggests that vinegar should be used to treat wasp stings and baking soda for bee stings. What does this information tell you about the chemical nature of:
1. Wasp stings?
2. Bee stings?

Q294. Write an equation to show the reaction between Plaster of Paris and water.

Q295. What is bleaching powder? How is bleaching powder prepared? Write chemical equation of the reaction involved in the preparation of bleaching powder.

Q296. A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed with a proper quantity of water. Identify the compound. Write the chemical equation for its
preparation. For what purpose is it used in hospitals?

Q297. How is the presence of an acid tested with a strip of red litmus paper?

Q298. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): HCl is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
Reason (R): On dissociation, HCl yields lesser hydrogen ions for the same concentration as compared to aceticacid.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q299. Why is it wrong to treat a wasp sting with baking soda solution?

Q300. In the given experimental set-up, if the experiment is carried out separately with each of the following solutions the cases in which the bulb will glow is/ are:

1. Dilute hydrochloric acid

2. Dilute sulphuric acid
3. Glucose solution
4. Alcohol
A (i) only B (ii) only C (i) and (ii) D (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Q301. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Baking soda is prepared by chlor-alkali process.
Reason (R): Brine decomposes to sodium hydroxide on passing electricity through it.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q302. Na2CO3 . 10H2O is:

A Washing soda B Baking soda C Bleaching powder D Tartaric acid

Q303. What is meant by ‘a family of salts’? Explain with examples.

Q304. Give the names and formulae of two strong acids and two weak acids.

Q305. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When milk changes into curd, the pH value will:
A Become 7 B Become less than 6 C Become more than 7 D Remain unchanged.

Q306. Aqueous solution of copper sulphate reacts with aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution to give.
A Brown precipitate. B Pale blue precipitate. C White precipitate. D Green precipitate.

Q307. Name the substance obtained by the action of chlorine on solid (dry) slaked lime.

Q308. Name a sodium compound which is a constituent of many dry soap powders.

Q309. In which of the following bleaching powder is not used?

A For bleaching wood pulp. B For water sterilisation.
C As an oxidising agent. D For sugar decolourisation.

Q310. The colour of methyl orange indicator in a solution is yellow. The pH of this solution is likely to be:
A 7 B Less than 7 C 0 D More than 7

Q311. What is the name of the indicator which can be used for testing the pH of a solution?
Q312. Plaster of Paris hardens by:
A Giving off CO2 B Changing into
C Combining with water CaCO3 D Giving out water

Q313. What ions are present in the solutions of following substances? (write the symbols only)
Sodium hydroxide.

Q314. What do we observe on pouring acetic acid on red and blue litmus papers?
A Red litmus remains red and blue litmus turns red. B Red litmus turns blue and blue litmus remains blue.
C Red litmus turns blue and blue litmus turns red. D Red litmus becomes colourless and blue litmus remains blue.

Q315. When chlorine and sodium hydroxide being produced during the electrolysis of brine are allowed to mix, a new chemical is formed. Name this chemical and write its uses.

Q316. Calcium phosphate is present in tooth enamel, its nature is:

A Basic B Acidic C Neutral D None of the above

Q317. A beaker of concentrated hydrochloric acid has a pH of 1. What colour will full range universal indicator turn if it is added to this beaker? Is it a strong or a weak acid?

Q318. Explain why, sodium hydrogencarbonate is used as an antacid.

Q319. State one use of bleaching powder (other than bleaching).

Q320. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:

The more acidic a solution, the _________ the pH.

Q321. You are having five solutions A, B, C, D and E with pH values as follows:
A = 1.8, B = 7, C = 8.5, D = 8 and E = 5
Which solution would be most likely to liberate hydrogen with magnesium powder?
A Solution A and B. B Solution A. C Solution C. D All of the above.

Q322. Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?

Q323. State the common and chemical names of the compound formed when plaster of Paris is mixed with water.

Q324. What effect does the concentration of H+(aq) ions have on the nature of the solution?

Q325. If you take some distilled water in a test-tube, add an equal amount of acetic acid to it, shake the test-tube well and leave it undisturbed on the test-tube stand, then after about 5 minutes,
what would you observe?.
A There is a layer of water over the layer of acetic acid. B A precipitate is settling at the bottom of the test-tube.
C Bubbles of colourless gas are coming out of the test-tube. D There is a clear, colourless transparent solution in the test-tube.

Q326. Which of the following is a weak acid?

A Acetic acid B Hydrochloric acid C Sulphuric acid D Nitric acid

Q327. Complete and balance the following chemical equations:

NaCl + Na3 + H2 O + CO2 →

Q328. What is meant by “water of crystallisation” in a substance? Explain with an example

Q329. If a few drops of a concentrated acid accidentally spills over the hand of a student, what should be done?
A Wash the hand with saline solution. B Wash the hand immediately with plenty of water and apply a paste of sodium
hydrogen carbonate.
C After washing with plenty of water apply solution of sodium hydroxide on the hand. D Neutralise the acid with a strong alkali.

Q330. A solution turns red litmus blue. Its pH is likely to be:

A 1 B 4 C 5 D 10

Q331. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Salt of KNO3 is formed by strong base and weak acid.
Reason (R): Salt of NH4Cl is formed by weak base and strong acid.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q332. In the experiment for determining the percentage of water absorbed by raisins, we do the final weighing of the raisins after keeping them dipped in water for about one hour. For the
accuracy of the result, the extra water from the surface of the soaked raisins is removed by:
A Rubbing with cotton cloth. B Hot air blower.
C Dry cotton wool. D Filter paper.

Q333. State a peculiar (or remarkable) property of plaster of Paris.

Q334. Name two constituents of baking powder.

Q335. When copper oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid react, colour changes to:
A White B Bluish-green C Blue-black D Black

Q336. What is the common name of sodium hydrogencarbonate?

Q337. Bee sting contains:

A An acidic liquid. B A salt solution. C An alkaline liquid. D An alcohol.

Q338. For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below:
Assertion: pH of ammonium nitrate solution is acidic.
Reason: Solution of a salt of weak base and strong acid is acidic.
A Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion. B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
 C A is true, but R is false. D A is false, but R is true.

Q339. Complete the reaction: 2NaOH + Zn → _______ + H2.

A Na ZnO2 B Na2 ZnO3 C Na2 ZnO2 D ZnO

Q340. Explain how anhydrous copper sulphate can be used to detect the presence of moisture (water) in a liquid.

Q341. What is the common name of water soluble bases?

Q342. Two solutions X and Y are tested with universal indicator. Solution X turns orange whereas solution Y turns red. Which of the solutions is a stronger acid?

Q343. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5.
Reason (R): Enamel starts corroding below 5.5 pH.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q344. Name a metal compound which has detergent properties (cleansing properties).

Q345. Write equations to show the reaction between:

1. Acid and bases.
2. Acid and hydrogen carbonates.

Q346. Complete and balance the following chemical equations:

Na2CO3 (s) + HCl (aq) →

Q347. Write an equation to show the reaction between plaster of Paris and water.

Q348. For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below:
Assertion: Common salt is used for the preparation of many chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda etc.
Reason: Main source of sodium chloride is sea water.
A Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion. B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C A is true, but R is false. D A is false, but R is true.

Q349. Identify the correct representation of reaction occurring during chloralkali process.​​
A 2NaCl(l) + 2H2 O(l) −−−−→ 2NaOH(l) + Cl2 (g) + H2 (g) B 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2 O(aq) −−−−→ 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2 (g) + H2 (g)

C 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2 O(l) −−−−→ 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2 (aq) + H2 (aq) D 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2 O(l) −−−−→ 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2 (g) + H2 (g)

Q350. A student takes 2 mL acetic acid in a dry test tube and adds a pinch of sodium hydrogen carbonate to it. He makes the following observations:
1. A colorless and odourless gas evolves with a brisk effervescence.
2. The gas turns lime water milky when passed through it.
3. The gas burns with an explosion when a burning splinter is brought near it.
4. The gas extinguishes the burning splinter that is brought near it.
The correct observations are:
A I, II and III B II, III and IV C III, IV and I D IV, I and II

Q351. Egg shell is made up of:

A CaCO3 B CaO C Ca(OH)2 D CaCl2

Q352. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Pure water is neither acidic nor basic.
Reason (R): The pH of a solution is inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrogen
ions in it.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q353. What colour will universal indicator show if you add it to the following substances?
soda water, pH = 5

Q354. Which of the following types of medicine is used for treating indigestion caused by over-eating?
A Antibiotic. B Analgesic. C Antacid. D Antiseptic.

Q355. What is produced if an acid is added to a base?

Q356. Which of the following is acidic in nature?

A Lime juice. B Human blood. C Lime water. D Antacid.

Q357. Q. No. 17 to 20 are Assertion — Reasoning based questions. These consist of two statements — Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given
below.
Assertion (A): Reaction of Quicklime with water is an exothermic reaction.
Reason (R): Quicklime reacts vigorously with water releasing a large amount of heat.
A Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). B Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true but (R) is false. D (A) is false but (R) is true.

Q358. A student takes about 6 mL distilled water in four test tubes marked P, Q, R and S. He dissolves sodium sulphate in P, potassium sulphate in Q, calcium sulphate in R and magnesium sulphate
in S. After that he adds equal amount of soap solution in each test tube. On shaking these test tubes, he would observe a good amount of lather in the test tubes marked.
A P and Q. B Q and R. C R and S. D P and S.

Q359. Match the chemical substances given in Column (A) with their appropriate application given in Column (B):
Column (A) Column (B)
A. Bleaching powder 1. Preparation of glass
B. Baking soda 2. Production of H2 and Cl2
C. Washing soda 3. Decolourisation
 D. Sodium chloride 4. Antacid

A A—2, B—1, C—4, D—3 B A—3, B—2, C—4, D—1 C A—3, B—4, C—1, D—2 D A—2, B—4, C—1, D—3

Q360. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:

Acids have a pH ______ than 7.

Q361. Name the gas evolved when zinc granules are treated/ heated with:
Hydrochloric acid solution.

Q362. A student prepared 20% sodium hydroxide solution in a beaker to study saponification reaction. Some observations related to this are given below:
1. Sodium hydroxide solution turns red litmus blue.
2. Sodium hydroxide readily dissolves in water.
3. The beaker containing solution appears cold when touched from outside.
4. The blue litmus paper turns red when dipped into the solution.
The correct observations are:
A I, II and IV. B I, II and III. C Only III and IV. D Only I and II.

Q363. What happens when copper sulphate crystals are heated strongly? Explain with the help of an equation.

Q364. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Phosphoric acid is a weak acid.
Reason (R): Phosphoric acid when dissolved in water dissociates partially and produces very little H* ions.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q365. Plaster of Paris is prepared by heating one of the following to a temperature of 100°C. This is:
A CaSO3.2H2O B CaCl2.2H2O C CaCO3.2H2O D CaSO4.2H2O

Q366. State whether an aqueous solution of washing soda is acidic or alkaline? Give reason for your answer.

Q367. How is the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide?

Q368. For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below:
Assertion: Baking soda is prepared by chlor-alkali process.
Reason: Brine decomposes to sodium hydroxide on passing electricity through it.
A Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion. B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C A is true, but R is false. D A is false, but R is true.

Q369. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:

Acids have a ________ taste and they turn ________ litmus to ________.

Q370. In order to study saponification reaction we first prepare 20% solution of sodium hydroxide. If we record the temperature of this solution just after adding sodium hydroxide flakes to water
and also test its nature using litmus, it may be concluded that the process of making this solution is:
A Exothermic and the solution is alkaline. B Endothermic and the solution is alkaline.
C Endothermic and the solution is acidic. D Exothermic and the solution is acidic.

Q371. In the neighbourhood of your school, hard water required for an experiment is not available. Select from the following groups of salts available in your school, a group each member of
which, if dissolved in distilled water, will make it hard:
A Sodium chloride, calcium chloride. B Potassium chloride, sodium chloride.
C Sodium chloride, magnesium chloride. D Calcium chloride, magnesium chloride.

Q372. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:

The more alkaline a solution, the _________ the pH.

Q373. Name the acid present in the following:

Vinegar.

Q374. What will be the colour of litmus in an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride salt?

Q375. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Calcium sulphate hemihydrate, CaSO4.1/ 2 H20 is called plaster of Paris.
Reason (R): Plaster of Paris is used for producing moulds for pottery and ceramics and casts of statues.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q376. Name the salt which is used as a preservative in pickles, and in curing meat and fish.

Q377. Someone put some universal indicator paper into vinegar. The pH is 3. What does this tell you about the vinegar?

Q378. Which is more basic (or more alkaline): a solution of pH = 8 or a solution of pH = 11?

Q379. A sample of rain water turned universal indicator paper yellow. What would you expect its pH to be? Is it a strong or a weak acid?

Q380. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Common salt is used for the preparation of many chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda etc.
Reason (R): Main source of sodium chloride is sea water.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q381. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Baking powder is used in making cake instead of using only baking soda.
Reason (R): Baking powder contains tartaric acid which reacts with sodium carbonate and removes bitter taste.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.
Q382. Tomato is a natural source of which acid?
A Acetic acid B Citric acid C Tartaric acid D Oxalic acid

Q383. One of the constituents of baking powder is sodium hydrogencarbonate, the other constituent is:
A Hydrochloric acid. B Tartaric acid. C Acetic acid. D Sulphuric acid.

Q384. If someone is suffering from the problem of acidity after overeating, which of the following would you suggest as remedy?
Lemon juice, Vinegar, Baking soda solution Give reason for your choice.

Q385. Name three chemicals made from common salt (or sodium chloride).

Q386. With which substance should chlorine be treated to get bleaching powder?

Q387. Nettle sting is a natural source of which acid?

A MetiWanoic acid B Lactic acid C Citric acid D Tartaric acid

Q388. What happens when a solution of an acid is mixed with a solution of a base in a test tube?
1. The temperature of the solution increases.
2. The temperature of the solution decreases.
3. The temperature of the solution remains the same.
4. Salt formation takes place.
A 1 only B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1 and 4

Q389. These consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
Assertion: On freely suspending a current – carrying solenoid, it comes to rest in Geographical N-S direction.
Reason: One end of current carrying straight solenoid behaves as a North pole and the other end as a South pole, just like a bar magnet.
A Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of B Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion. Assertion.
C Assertion is true but Reason is false. D Assertion is False but Reason is true.

Q390. A student took four test tubes P, Q, R and S and filled about 8 mL of distilled water in each. After that he dissolved an equal amount of Na2SO4 in P, K2SO4 in Q, CaSO4 in R and MgSO4 in S. On
adding an equal amount of soap solution and shaking each test tube well, a good amount of lather will be obtained in the test tubes:
A P and Q B P and R C P, Q and S D Q, R and S

Q391. Name an indicator which is pink in alkaline solution but turns colourless in acidic solution.

Q392. Why is the electrolysis of a concentrated solution of sodium chloride known as chlor-alkali process?

Q393. A farmer has found that the pH of soil in his fields is 4.2. Name any two chemical materials which he can mix with the soil to adjust its pH.

Q394. The pH of soil A is 7.5 while that of soil B is 4.5. Which of the two soils, A or B, should be treated with powdered chalk to adjust its pH and why?

Q395. A student adds a few drops of ethanoic acid to test tubes X, Y and Z containing aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate respectively. If he now brings
a burning splinter near the mouth of the test tubes immediately after adding the ethanoic acid in each one of them, in which of the test tube or test tubes the flame gets extinguished?
A X and Y B Y and Z C X and Z D Only Z

Q396. Which of the following is not a mineral acid?

A Hydrochloric acid. B Citric acid. C Sulphuric acid. D Nitric acid.

Q397. Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reactions taking place when:
Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminium powder.

Q398. Which of these give out hydronium ions in water?

A Acids B Base C Both A and B D None of these

Q399. If a few drops of a concentrated acid accidentally spills over the hand of a student, what should be done?
A Wash the hand with saline solution. B Wash the hand immediately with plenty of water and apply a paste of sodium
hydrogencarbonate.
C After washing with plenty of water apply solution of sodium hydroxide on the hand. D Neutralise the acid with a strong alkali.

Q400. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Sodium carbonate pentahydrate is also known as washing soda.
Reason (R): Chief raw materials for the manufacture of washing soda are NH3, NaCl and CaCO3.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q401. Which of the following can be used in the laboratory to test whether a solution is a base or an acid?
A Olfactory indicator B Acid indicator C Basic indicator D Regular indicator

Q402. Two statements are given - one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
Assertion(A): Esterification is a process in which a sweet smelling substance is produced.
Reason(R): When esters react with sodium hydroxide an alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid are obtained.
A Both A and Rare true and R is correct explanation of the Assertion. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q403. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): The chemical formula of bleaching powder is CaOCI.
Reason (R): Calcium oxide reacts with chlorine to form bleaching powder.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q404. Toothpastes are ____ in nature.

A Acidic B Basic C Neutral D None of these
Q405. If pH of solution is 13, it means that if is:
A Weakly acidic B Weakly basic C Strongly acidic D Strongly Basic

Q406. Why is sodium chloride required in our body?

Q407. If 10mL of H2SO4 is mixed with 10mL of Mg(OH)2 of the same concentration, the resultant solution will give the following colour with universal indicator:
A Red B Yellow C Green D Blue

Q408. Name one animal and one plant whose stings contain formic acid (or methanoic acid).

Q409. What happens when bleaching powder reacts with dilute sulphuric acid? Give equation of the reaction involved.

Q410. Name the gas evolved when zinc granules are treated/ heated with:
sodium hydroxide solution.

Q411. A solution turns blue litmus red. Its pH is likely to be:

A 7 B 5 C 8 D 14

Q412. The formula of baking soda is:

A K2CO3 B KHCO3 C NaHCO3 D Na2CO3

Q413. For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below:
Assertion: The chemical name of bleaching powder is calcium oxychloride.
Reason: Bleaching powder is used as an oxidising agent in chemical industries.
A Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion. B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C A is true, but R is false. D A is false, but R is true.

Q414. Common salt besides being used in kitchen can also be used as the raw material for making:
1. Washing soda.
2. Bleaching powder.
3. Baking soda.
4. Slaked lime.
A 1 and 2 B 1, 2 and 4 C 1 and 3 D 1, 3 and 4

Q415. How is the concentration of hydronium ions (H O ) affected when the solution of an acid is diluted?

Q416. Common salt besides being used in kitchen can also be used as the raw material for making:
1. Washing soda.
2. Bleaching powder.
3. Baking soda.
4. Slaked lime.
A (i) and (ii) B (i), (ii) and (iv) C (i), (ii) and (iii) D (i), (iii) and (iv)

Q417. Which of the following is (are) true when HCl (g) is passed through water?
1. It does not ionise in the solution as it is a covalent compound.
2. It ionises in the solution.
3. It gives both hydrogen and hydroxyl ion in the solution.
4. It forms hydronium ion in the solution due to the combination of hydrogen ion with water molecule.
A 1 only B 3 only C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

Q418. For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below:
Assertion: Antacids neutralize the effect of extra acid produced in the stomach during indigestion and thus provide relief.
Reason: Antacids are mild bases.
A Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion. B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C A is true, but R is false. D A is false, but R is true.

Q419. What is the chemical name of bleaching powder?

Q420. Which of the following is treated with chlorine to obtain bleaching powder?
A CaSO4 B Ca(OH)2 C Mg(OH)2 D KOH

Q421. How does baking powder differ from baking soda?

Q422. Explain why the pH in a person’s mouth becomes lower after each meal.

Q423. In terms of acidic strength, which one of the following is in the correct increasing order?
A Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid. B Water < Hydrochloric acid < Acetic acid.
C Acetic acid < Water < Hydrochloric acid. D Hydrochloric acid < Water < Acetic acid.

Q424. Complete and balance the following chemical equations:

Zn (s) + HCl (aq) →

Q425. Do basic solutions also have H+(aq) ions? If yes, then why are these basic?

Q426. What is the common name of:

1. NaHCO3 and
2. Na2CO3.10H2O?

Q427. The pH of the gastric juices released during digestion is:

A Less than 7. B More than 7. C Equal to 7. D Equal to 0.

Q428. A white coloured powder is used by doctors for supporting fractured bones.
Write chemical name and formula of the powder.
Q429. Complete and balance the following chemical equations:
Heat
NaHCO3 −−→

Q430. What does the pH of a solution signify? Three solutions A, B and C have pH values of 6, 4 and 10 respectively. Which of the solutions is highly acidic?

Q431. For Questions number 17 to 20, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes
(a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion (A): Sodium oxide is an amphoteric oxide.
Reason (R): Metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases are known as amphoteric oxides.
A Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct B Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A). explanation of the Assertion (A).
C Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. D Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Q432. Onion and vanilla extract are ___________ indicator.

Q433. Why does distilled water not conduct electricity whereas rain water does?

Q434. What colour does the turmeric paper turn when put in an alkaline solution?

Q435. Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reactions taking place when:
Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron filings.

Q436. Baking soda is a mixture of:

A Sodium carbonate and acetic acid. B Sodium carbonate and tartaric acid.
C Sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid. D Sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetic acid.

Q437. Name the metal whose carbonate is known as washing soda.

Q438. A salt whose aqueous solution will have a pH of more than 7 will be:
A K2CO3 B K2SO4 C NaCl D NH4Cl

Q439. Equal volumes of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions of same concentration are mixed and the pH of the resulting solution is checked with a pH paper. What would be the
colour obtained?
A Red. B Yellow. C Yellowish green. D Blue.

Q440. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator.
Reason (R): Phenolphthalein gives different colours in acidic and basic medium.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q441. Direction: In the following question, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as:
Assertion (A): CH3COOH is used as vinegar in cooking and food preservatives.
Reason (R): Strong acids are those acids which ionise almost completely in aqueous solution and hence produce a large amount of Hions.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false but R is true.

Q442. Which of the following salts will give an aqueous solution having pH of almost 7?
A NH4NO3 B NH4Cl C CaCl2 D KCl

Q443. Hydronium ions are formed by the reaction between:

A Sodium hydroxide and water. B Calcium chloride and water.
C Hydrogen chloride gas and water. D Ethanol and water.

Q444. A student adds 2mL of acetic acid to a test tube containing 2mL of distilled water. He then shakes the test tube well and leaves it to settle for some time. After about 5 minutes he observes
that in the test tube there is:
A A clear transparent colourless solution. B A clear transparent pink solution.
C A precipitate settling at the bottom of the test tube. D Alayer of water over the layer of acetic acid.

Q445. Why does tooth decay start when the pH of mouth is lower than 5.5?

Q446. Someone put some universal indicator paper onto wet soap. The pH is 8. What does this tell you about the soap?

Q447. Complete and balance the following chemical equations:

Elecricity
NaCl(aq) + H2 O(l) −−−−−→

Q448. Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.

Q449. Name a metal carbonate which is soluble in water.

Q450. During the electrolysis of a saturated solution of sodium chloride, where is:
Chlorine formed?

Q451. During the electrolysis of a saturated solution of sodium chloride, where is:
Hhydrogen formed?

Q452. Sodium hydrogencarbonate when added to acetic acid evolves a gas. Which of the following statements are true about the gas evolved?
1. It turns lime water milky.
2. It extinguishes a burning splinter.
3. It dissolves in a solution of sodium hydroxide.
4. It has a pungent odour.
A 1 and 2 B 1, 2 and 3 C 2, 3 and 4 D 1 and 4

Q453. Which of the has atmosphere made up of thick white and yellowish clouds of sulphuric acid?
 A Saturn B Mars C Venus D Uranus

Q454. Acids are _______ in taste.

A Sour B Bitter C Spicy D Sweet

Q455. Select the correct observation about dilute solution of acetic acid:
A It smells like rotten egg and turns blue litmus red. B It smells like vinegar and turns red litmus blue.
C It smells like rotten egg and turns red litmus blue. D It smells like vinegar and turns blue litmus red.

Q456. During the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas on a humid day, the gas is usually passed through the guard tube containing calcium chloride. The role of calcium chloride taken in the guard
tube is to:
A Absorb the evolved gas. B Moisten the gas.
C Absorb moisture from the gas. D Absorb Cl–ions from the evolved gas.

Q457. Which one of the following salts does not con-tain water of crystallisation?
A Blue vitriol B Baking soda C Washing soda D Gypsum

Q458. Which of the following are present in a dilute aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid?
A H3O+ + Cl– B H3O+ + OH– C Cl– + OH– D Unionised HCl.

Q459. The pH values of three acids A, B and C having equal molar concentrations are 5.0,2.8 and 3.5 respectively. Arrange these acids in order of the increasing acid strengths.

Q460. Why does 1M HCl solution have a higher concentration of H+ ions than 1M CH3COOH solution?

Q461. Which one of the following is non-crystalline or amorphous?

A Diamond B Graphite C Glass D Common Salt

Q462. What colour does phenolphthalein indicator turn when added to an alkali (such as sodium hydroxide)?

Q463. Name the indicator which can give us an idea of how strong or weak an acid or base is.

Q464. The property which is not shown by acids is:

A They have sour taste. B They feel soapy.
C They turn litmus red. D Their pH is less than seven.

Q465. A solution reacts with marble chips to produce a gas which turns lime water milky. The solution contains:
A Na2SO4 B CaSO4 C H2SO4 D K2SO4

Q466. Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion?
A Antibiotics B Analgesic C Antacid D Antiseptic

Q467. During the electrolysis of a saturated solution of sodium chloride, where is:
Sodium hydroxide formed?

Q468. What type of ions are formed:

1. when an acid is dissolved in water?
2. when a base (or alkali) is dissolved in water?

Q469. All non-metallic oxides dissolve in water to form acids. [True/ False]

Q470. Sodium hydroxide is used:

A As an antacid B In manufacture of soap C As a cleansing agent D In alkaline batteries

Q471. What ions are present in the solutions of following substances? (write the symbols only)
Potassium hydroxide.

Q472. Acetic acid solution turns:

A Blue litmus red. B Red litmus blue. C Blue litmus colourless. D Red litmus colourless.

Q473. One of the following salts will give an alkaline solution on dissolving in water. This is:
A Na2CO3 B Na2SO4 C NaCl D (NH4)2 SO4

Q474. What ions are present in the solutions of following substances? (write the symbols only)
Magnesium hydroxide.

Q475. A solution turns phenolphthalein indicator pink. The most likely pH of this solution will be:
A 6 B 4 C 9 D 7

Q476. Equal volumes of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions of same concentration are mixed and the pH of the resulting solution is checked with a pH paper. What would be the
colour obtained? (You may use colour guide given in Figure:

A Red. B Yellow. C Yellowish green. D Blue.

Q477. Why is it wrong to treat a bee sting with vinegar?

Q478. Write down the net ionic equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric add.

Q479. What colour would the universal indicator show in an aqueous solution of sugar? Why?

Q480. Which of the following statements is true for acids?

A Bitter and change red litmus to blue. B Sour and change red litmus to blue.
C Sour and change blue litmus to red. D Bitter and change blue litmus to red.

Q481. What do you think will be the pH of an antacid solution: less than 7 or more than 7?
Q482. For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below:
Assertion: Strength of the acid or base decreases with dilution.
Reason: Ionization of an acid or a base increases with dilution.
A Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion. B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C A is true, but R is false. D A is false, but R is true.

Q483. Acid turns blue litmus __________.

Q484. What ions are present in the solutions of following substances? (write the symbols only)
Hydrochloric acid.

Q485. How is common salt obtained from sea-water?

Q486. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When it changes into curd (yoghurt) will its pH value increase or decrease? Why?

Q487. A student takes Na2CO3 powder in a test tube and pours some drops of acetic acid over it. He observes:.
A No reaction in the test tube. B Colourless gas with pungent smell.
C Bubbles of a colourless and odourless gas. D White fumes with smell of vinegar.

Q488. Calcium phosphate is present in tooth enamel. Its nature is:

A Basic. B Acidic. C Neutral. D Amphoteric.

Q489. Which of the following is used for dissolution of gold?

A Hydrochloric acid B Sulphuric acid C Nitric acid D Aqua regia

Q490. A student requires hard water for an experiment in his laboratory which is not available in the neighbouring area. In the laboratory, there are some salts, which when dissolved in distilled
water can convert it into hard water. Select from the following groups of salts, a group, each salt of which when dissolved in distilled water will make it hard.
A Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride. B Sodium sulphate, Potassium sulphate.
C Sodium sulphate, Calcium sulphate. D Calcium sulphate, Calcium chloride.

Q491. The indicator which produces a pink colour in an alkaline solution is:
A Methyl orange. B Turmeric paper. C Phenolphthalein. D Litmus paper.

Q492. Name the chemical which is injected into the skin of a person during wasp's sting and during the nettle leaf hair sting.

Q493. The pH of a cold drink is 5. What will be its action on blue and red litmus solutions?

Q494. The property which is common between vinegar and curd is that they:
A Have sweet taste. B Have bitter taste. C Are tasteless. D Have sour taste.

Q495. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:

Alkalis have a pH _______ than 7.

Q496. What effect does the concentration of H+ (aq) ions have on the nature of a solution?

Q497. What effect does the concentration of H ions have on the nature of a solution?

Q498. How is the neutralisation of a carbonate with an acid different from the neutralisation of an oxide or a hydroxide?

Q499. Complete and balance the following chemical equations:

NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) →

Q500. If the pH value of a solution is greater than 7, solution is:

A Basic B Acidic C Neutral D Cannot be predicted