Internet of Things

Introduction - Lec 2

Dr.Ravikiran Y
Assistant Professor
EEE Department
BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus

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 Announcement

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Open to Change in class timings ? - Scheduled a poll,

please check google classroom.

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 Outline

● Characteristics of IOT

● Functional Blocks

● Enablers of IOT

● Overview of enablers

● Project Discussion

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 Characteristics of IoT

● Dynamic & Self-Adapting

● Self-Configuring

● Interoperable Communication Protocols

● Unique Identity

● Integrated into Information Network

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 Dynamic and Self-Adapting

● Capability to adapt to the changing context and take actions

depending upon the operating environment.

● e.g 1 Surveillance cameras adapting their modes (normal or infra-red)

depending on the time of the day.

● e.g 2 Cameras switching from lower to higher resolution when

motion is detected.

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 Self-Configuring

● Allows large number of devices to work together (weather

monitoring).

● Ability to configure themselves, set up networking, and

fetch latest software upgrades with minimal manual
intervention.

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● Interoperable Communication Protocols
● May support a number of protocols -> Enables communication
among devices and infrastructure.
● Devices supporting different communication protocols should be
able to communicate.

● Unique Identity
● Each IoT device has a unique identity and unique identifier (such
as an IP address).
● Allows communication
● Device interfaces allow users to query the devices, monitor their
status and control them remotely

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 Integrated into Information Network

● Allows exchange of data.

● Allows dynamic discovery of the nodes by other devices
and/or the network.
● Have the capability to describe themselves to other
devices or user application.
● Makes the IoT systems “smarter” due to collective
intelligence.
E.g weather monitoring sensor network used for predicting
weather

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 IoT Functional Blocks

• Device: An IoT system comprises of devices that provide sensing, actuation,

monitoring and control functions.

• Communication: The communication block handles the communication for

the IoT system.

• Services: An IoT system used various types of IoT services such as services
for device monitoring, device control services, data publishing services and
services for device discovery.

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 IoT Functional Blocks

• Management: Management functional block provides various functions to

govern the IoT system.

• Security: Security functional block secures the IoT system and by providing
functions such as authentication, authorization, message and content integrity
and data security

• Application: IoT applications provide an interface that the users can use to
control and monitor various aspects of the IoT system. Applications also allow
the users to view the system status and view or analyse processed data.

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1) Services: Devices, Low power
connectivity (inter device)

1) Local connectivity: enables internet

connectivity to local IOT deployments.

E.g: address management, device

management, security, sleep scheduling,
floor wise connectivity for home
automation.
Edge computing : 1 & 2
1) Global connectivity: Enables
connectivity between users, things,
applications
Fog computing : 2 & 3
1) IOT tools : E.g Big Data, machine
learning etc
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 IoT Enabling Technologies – Communication
Protocols

Communication Protocols:
• Enable network connectivity and coupling to applications.
• Define the data exchange formats, data encoding, addressing
schemes and routing.
• Sequence control, flow control and retransmission.

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Protocols

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 IoT Enabling Technologies – Embedded
Systems

Embedded Systems:
• A computer system embedded to perform specific tasks.
• Has every basic component that a computer has.
• Some embedded systems have specialised processors.

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 Embedded System

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 IoT Enabling Technologies – CPS

Cyber Physical Systems:

• Cyber physical systems (CPS) encompasses sensing, control,
actuation, and feedback as a complete package.
• CPS helps in maintaining the state of an environment through the
feedback control loop, which ensures that until the desired state is
attained, the system keeps on actuating and sensing.
• E.g Self driving technology, Autonomous robots
• Humans have a simple supervisory role in CPS-based systems; most
of the ground-level operations are automated.

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 IoT Enabling Technologies - WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

• Distributed devices with sensors.
• Used to monitor the environmental or physical conditions.
• A WSN consist of a number of end-nodes and routers and a
coordinator.
• End nodes have sensors; can also act as routers.
• Routers route the data packets from end nodes to the coordinator.
• Coordinator acts as a gateway and connects the WSN to the
Internet.

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 IoT Enabling Technologies - WSN

• Low-cost and low-power devices in large number.

• Examples : Weather monitoring, Indoor air quality monitoring systems,
soil moisture monitoring systems, surveillance systems, smart grids,
structural health monitoring and many more.

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 IoT Enabling Technologies - Cloud
Computing

Cloud Computing
• A transformative computing paradigm that involves delivering
applications and services over the Internet.
• Provisioning of computing resources of computing, networking and
storage resources on demand (often in a “pay as you go” model).
• Provides Platform independent access.
• Multi-tenancy.
• Virtual resources are assigned to users.

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 Cloud Computing Paradigms

• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS):

• Users have the ability to provision

computing and storage resources.

• Virtual machines and virtual storage.

• Users can manage the VMs.

• The Cloud Service provider manager

the underlying infrastructure.

• E.g VMware, IBM Quantum Computing

Cloud
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 IoT Enabling Technologies - Cloud
Computing

• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS):
• Users have the ability to develop and deploy applications in the cloud
computing development tools, application programming interfaces (APIs),
software libraries and the services provided by the cloud.
• The Cloud Service provider manager the underlying infrastructure.
• The users are responsible for developing, deploying, configuring and
managing applications.
• E.g Windows Azure - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Azure
• AWS - comprises over 200 products and services including computing,
storage, networking, database, analytics, application services,
deployment, management, machine learning, mobile, developer tools,
RobOps and tools for the Internet of Things. 22

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 IoT Enabling Technologies - Cloud
Computing

• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS):
• Users are provided with a complete software application or the user
interface to the application.
• The Cloud Service provider manager the underlying infrastructure.
• The applications are provided to the user via a thin client interface.
• Applications are platform independent.
• E.g Salesforce, Microsoft Office 365, Google drive - create documents,
presentations, tools for collaborative development

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 IoT Enabling Technologies – Big Data
Analytics

Big data analytics

• BIG DATA : Collections of data sets whose volume, velocity (in terms
of temporal variation), or variety is difficult to store, manage, process
and analyse using traditional databases and data processing tools.
• Analytics involves several steps
• Data cleansing.
• Data munging (or wrangling) – process of removing errors from
complex data sets.
• Data processing.
• Visualization.
E.g Flight/Hotel aggregators, Stock market investment firms 24

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 Project

1. Research Methodology
2. How to read papers -
- level 1
-level 2
- kinds of papers - survey, theoretical, algorithm design, simulation, experimental.
- Research rabbit

E.g survey paper -Inter-Disciplinary Research Challenges in Computer Systems for the 2020s
https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.5555/3297279

1. How to come up with project ideas

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 Project
1. Project - Form a group of 6 (will update based on total # students)
Before mid-sem: Pick up papers from top conferences/journals after 2018, identify problem
statement, define sub-tasks among group, write a report, presentation

Before comprehensive exams: present your work, complete report -> submit your work in an
upcoming conference.

We will have help sessions for projects.

E.g - Improve/Develop an existing algorithm - to improve efficiency, power, reliability,

performance

Topics include : WSN, Drones, HCI, IOT frameworks, ML based IOT data processing etc..

If you are interested about any topic/problem statement -> we shall evaluate it and accordingly
guide you

Overall - novelty of the project is an important parameter to grade you.

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 Project Evaluation
Activity Deadline %
Weightage
(Total = 35
%)

Forming group, picking broad Aug 20 2%

area

Identify problem statement, Oct 2- we will 5%

present background work in the schedule
area ( atleast 1 paper per presentations over
person) a week

Mid sem report Oct 5 5%

Identify steps (Methodology) Oct 20 3%

you plan to follow to solve the
problem, Report needed

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 Project -List of conferences

Pick up papers from the following list of journals/conferences:

● EEE Internet of Things Journal (IoT-J) - https://ieee-iotj.org/
● IoT An Open Access Journal from MDPI - https://www.mdpi.com/journal/IoT
● https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/1000639/all-proceedings
● https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=34
● https://dl.acm.org/journal/csur
● You can also email me few more conferences/journals - i will take a look and approve
impact factor (above 2 is good, above 10 is best) and h5 index (above 50 is good) of paper’s
conference/journal

List of conferences where you can submit your work:

● https://ieee-iotj.org/
● https://dcoss.org/
● https://iotbds.scitevents.org/Home.aspx

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 End

End

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