Corporate Accounting - Edited.edited
Corporate Accounting - Edited.edited
<Course>
<Institutional affiliation>
<Date of submission>
<Name of instructor>
Name2
Generally, social distancing is viewed as the best way of promoting health in our
different communities. However, it has been hard on the side of retail businesses that rely on a
person to personal interaction to thrive effectively and efficiently. As a result, most businesses
have decided to design strategies that can help them to survive in the catastrophe. Therefore,
flexibility is believed to be the main take away for these businesses. The natural pandemic is
already in existence and has affected most businesses, and that is why creativity is the only way
forward for making things right. The following are some of the strategies that retail businesses
Market expansion
This can be achieved through product expansion whereby, other products like sanitizers
should be brought into the market to attract the attention of both the old and new customers.
Similarly, the sanitizers must be placed at the entrance and exit of the business to ensure safety
for the customers in general. This will build customer trust in the business, and hence they will
continue buying from the shop. The market can also be expanded by offering after-sales services
to ensure that the new customers are retained in the business. However, the demand is not as
high as expected, but the few customers will remain committed to the business, hence allowing it
to survive the hard times. Furthermore, if there is enough potential, the business must consider
giving away free sanitizers to loyal and new customers. This will give them the thought that they
owe the business and as a result, they will remain loyal to it. Small retail businesses can as well
sell sanitizers to remain functioning in these hard times until things get better.
It is important to note that the bigger retail businesses are thriving because of online
services like order and delivery. This means that the small retail shops have to think of strategies
that are more personal to equally survive in this catastrophe. Almost all retail businesses involve
direct interaction between the seller and the buyers. Therefore, virtual procedures have to be
adopted to ensure that these activities continue to happen in the presence of social distancing. For
a small business, boundaries (tied ropes) must be created to ensure that there is some significant
distance between the customer and the buyer at the time of sale.
It is important to note that most retail businesses offer similar products and services to
customers. Therefore, there is a high chance that small businesses may fail to thrive with social
distancing. However, they can partner with other small businesses so that they can share much
profit instead of gaining little or no profit at all because every business has loyal customers.
Therefore, imagine a situation where these customers are merged through a business partnership.
The profits will be shared but also maximized at the same time, and the two or more businesses
will still survive because they share the same risks, and can easily design suitable strategies to
handle them.
Name4
Question 5: (7 marks)
Week 7: Question 2:
Initially, Zara's business model was to offer similar copies of products at comparatively lower
prices. However, the idea of instant fashion was later hatched, which opened the opportunity to
react quickly to new trends in the shortest time possible. Although photography and videography
were not as widespread as they are today, fashion styles were spread by clients who purchased
outfits from different cities and wore them in other cities. It opened the opportunity for designers
to new styles, which they could quickly design and produce.
In the 1990s, the company upgraded its stores. In comparison to other mass production retailers,
the new strategy ensured Zara’s clients were aware of the uniqueness of their clothing styles,
which attracted weekly client visits. Additionally, the “fast fashion” business model was able to
redesign the fashion industry, Zara expanded its logistic center, covering an area of 10,000
square meters.
When it comes to style, Zara produces around 12,000 styles a year, rather than producing the
same style in larger quantities, implying that even when a given style is already selling, there are
numerous styles in the production line. It brings clients the opportunity to find the right style of
their choice without experiencing difficulties.
Straight delivery without storage is another strategy that has enabled Zara to outcompete its
rivals. As the company is fast, there is no need for store managers to advertise and instead,
products are promoted by celebrity clients, maximizing profits through significant cost reduction.
Name5
The basic argument in the video is that for future marketing strategies to succeed, they will have
to create a genuine and emotional customer attachment to commodities under promotion.
additionally, any emotional attachment will only succeed if it signifies a “Lovemark.” Robert
further argues that without the core component of "lovemark", which is "respect" a love
relationship can't exist, and the symbols of "lovemark" include intimacy, mystery. According to
Robert, the following companies are examples of Lovemarks: Starbucks, Nike, Marmite,
Cambridge University, and MacDonalds.
Given Lovemarks, a service or product’s position on a respect/love axis can be used to assess its
importance. Therefore, a product can only win the consumer's heart and mind by going beyond
functional benefits. The product or service should provide an inspirational and meaningful value
proposition, create emotional engagement and attachments that advance the customer's decision
to buy. It is important to note is that the perceptual path to the stimulation of other psychological
processes such as memory is multisensory experiences with a given brand.
Developing love with a brand is motivated by two kinds of motivation. The first motivation is
associated with internal reasoning, where the consumer’s major objective is lovemark. However,
lovemark implies other ends such as peer approval or social status, especially when reasons
become extrinsic. These two kinds of motivators impact differently on consumer’s emotions,
finally triggering the need to discover a brand, engage with its values, discover its story, which
all influence the decision to buy.
As seen from the video exhibit, Robert has not discussed much the relationship between the
marketing field and consumer. The processes of lovemark formations are not fully explained,
making it difficult to fully understand how these processes take place. Additionally, it is difficult
to comprehend Robert's argument, as he doesn't pay much attention to how consumer awareness
can influence his proposed marketing strategies for purchase decisions and brand loyalty.
Name6
Question 3: (7 marks)
Week 4: Question 1
Basing on the video exhibit provided, the followings are some of the tools used by
marketers to understand consumer behaviors: Spying on consumers to anticipate their
needs, using simulators to differentiate between the behaviors of different consumers,
and improving retail experiences by recording consumer experiences while shopping
in stores. As losing money in consumer behavior and marketing analysis is easy, it is
vital to stay informed and work with the most effective tools, which saves money and
protects the company from unnecessary expenses. With the help of the best tools for
the business, it will be easy for the company to accurately understand who the
customers are and the level of appeal that the products have. Such tools will help
improve the business and will facilitate customer retention.
Question 4: (7 marks)
Week 5: Question 3
Definition
The term target market is used to refer to the end-user or consumer that the business is
willing to sell its products or services. Therefore, target marketing is a process that requires
breaking the market into segments to design strategies that suit each segment ( Rogers, 2002).
Name7
Description
It is important to note that, not all products can satisfy the collective wants of all
consumers. Therefore, each product has a particular group of consumers who purchase it. As a
result of this, most companies develop different strategies like product modification and brand
change, to suit a particular market segment. The business has to get involved in product
conceptualization and understand consumer needs in the market before creating a market target.
The strategy for marketing focuses on the urban professional segment, and it requires
quick preparations to improve the quality of the product and refresh them for consumer
satisfaction. The products are always ready for consumption in the shortest time possible and are
always fresher compared to other competitors. This gives the products better tastes which allows
The products are vital in a supermarket with a variety of brands that suit different
consumers' wants. The business faces completion from other similar businesses that offer
substitute goods to the market. The business products have a shorter life of about thirty days, and
this allows them to thrive in a competitive environment. Most companies are currently offering
The company products will be displayed in all supermarkets in the company for easy
accessibility. The only competition, in this case, is other substitute products. However, their
brands are not so attractive, hence making them less competitive. The products are packed in
Generally, most customers are not buying the way they used to do before because we are
all face with the same problem. However, the business will need them in the times when things
get back to normal. Some of the customers will come back to the business for debts and it will be
upon the salesman to identify the loyal ones and supply them with what they want. This can
greatly keep them connected to the business for good because they are sure of where to run in
times of need. Similarly, the business can send email messages to customers to assure them that
they still have the products or services that they need and suggest to them the various modes of
acquisition. The websites must also be updated to ensure that, the customers can access the
Question 5: (7 marks)
Week 7: Question 2:
According to Zara’s timing, there is a lot of consideration for high speed. From the video exhibit,
it can be seen that the brand's popularity was kickstarted by it’s approach to fashion. As seen
from the video exhibit, Zara develops new designs throughout the year, and such designs are
only produced for a short time, which makes discounted sales unreasonable.
Initially, Zara's business model was to offer similar copies of products at comparatively lower
prices. However, the idea of instant fashion was hatched, which opened the opportunity to react
quickly to new trends in the shortest time possible. Although photography and videography were
not as widespread as they are today, fashion styles were spread by clients who purchased outfits
from different cities and wore them in other cities. It opened the opportunity for designers to new
styles, which they could quickly design and produce.
In the 1990s, the company upgraded its stores. In comparison to other mass production retailers,
the new strategy ensured Zara’s clients were aware of the uniqueness of their clothing styles,
which attracted weekly client visits. Additionally, the “fast fashion” business model was able to
redesign the fashion industry, Zara expanded its logistic center, covering an area of 10,000
square meters.
When it comes to style, Zara produces around 12,000 styles a year, rather than producing the
same style in larger quantities, implying that even when a given style is already selling, there are
numerous styles in the production line. It brings clients the opportunity to find the right style of
their choice without experiencing difficulties.
Straight delivery without storage is another strategy that has enabled Zara to outcompete its
rivals. As the company is fast, there is no need for store managers to advertise and instead,
products are promoted by celebrity clients, maximizing profits through significant cost reduction.
Name10
The basic argument in the video is that for future marketing strategies to succeed, they will have
to create a genuine and emotional customer attachment to commodities under promotion.
additionally, any emotional attachment will only succeed if it signifies a “Lovemark.” Robert
further argues that without the core component of "lovemark", which is "respect" a love
relationship can't exist, and the symbols of lovemark include intimacy, mystery. According to
Robert, the following companies are examples of Lovemarks: Starbucks, Nike, Marmite,
Cambridge University, and MacDonalds.
Given Lovemarks, a service or product’s position on a respect/love axis can be used to assess its
importance. Therefore, a product can only win the consumer's heart and mind by going beyond
functional benefits. The product or service should provide an inspirational and meaningful value
proposition, create emotional engagements and attachments that advance the customer's decision
to buy. It is important to note is that the perceptual path to the stimulation of other psychological
processes such as memory is multisensory experiences with a given brand.
Developing love with a brand is motivated by two kinds of motivation. The first motivation is
associated with internal reasoning, where the consumer’s major objective is lovemark. However,
lovemark implies other ends such as peer approval or social status, especially when reasons
become extrinsic. These two kinds of motivators impact differently on consumer’s emotions,
finally triggering the need to discover a brand, engage with its values, discover its story, which
all influence the decision to buy.
As seen from the video exhibit, Robert has not discussed much the relationship between the
marketing field and consumer. The processes of lovemark formations are not fully explained,
making it difficult to fully understand how these processes take place. Additionally, it is difficult
to comprehend Robert's argument, as he doesn't pay much attention to how consumer awareness
can influence his proposed marketing strategies for purchase decisions and brand loyalty.
Basing on the video exhibit provided, the followings are some of the tools used by marketers to
understand consumer behaviors: Spying on consumers to anticipate their needs, using simulators
to differentiate between the behaviors of different consumers, and improving retail experiences
by recording consumer experiences while shopping in stores.
Question 6: (7 marks)
Week 11: Question 1:
Name11
The retail business should conduct research to identify the potential customers of the
business in these times of social distancing. This will enable them to know which products are
most suitable for selling in difficult economic times. The research will enable the business to find
out the weaknesses of the buyers (customers), and design possible strategies through which, they
can be viewed as the solution for the problem. That is the process that is referred to as
prospecting, and it acts as the foundation for all business sales ( Brown,2013). Therefore, a
prospect is a customer who is potentially willing and determined to buy from the business no
matter the circumstances. However, some customers may be potential buyers and yet they do not
In such a scenario, I would advise the retail business to consider such people, by
convincing them to use the little they have to buy the products which are proportional to the
current situation (Helen, 2013). For increased revenue, the company needs to access more
customers. Every new prospect that marketers find increases sales production. In the long run,
the business will be able to realize growth. The benefit of this is that it gives the accompany the
ability to offset increased costs of goods and costs of operations, especially those resulting from
inflation. When there is an increase in the performance of salespeople, the company earns more
revenue, which is a win for everybody. Usually, the salespersons earn more commission, as the
company will seize the opportunity to earn more revenue. When it comes to qualification,
qualifying prospects become an integral part of the process of prospecting. The process involves
using specific qualifying criteria or questions that help find and understand the commercial
Part (a)
Given that;
The cost of paying direct labor was $16.00; hence the total direct labor cost for 600 hours
The Factory operating cost is given by the product between the hourly running cost and
Part (b) the cost of producing a single coffee table is the ratio of total manufacturing cost
$ 44400
cost per coffee table=
150
Part (c) Price estimation; determining the real economic price of a commodity such as
the coffee table at which it should be offered to a market is a function of an established cost of
production.
Predicting an investment rate of return, knowing the unit cost of production aids the
managers of Tik Tok like any other manufacturing industry to predict if the business is feasible.
Name15
QUESTION TWO-WEEK 5
Part (1)
The activity cost for the overhead using the four driving costs.
1200000
The per-unit cost is =$ 30
40000
Therefore for the 17000 product, the purchasing orders revenue is $ 30∗17000=$ 510000
900000
The per unit is =50
18000
4800000
The per-unit costing hour is =40
120000
700000
The per-unit cost is =25
28000
Part (2)
¿ $ 1155960000
$ 1155960000
Therefore the unit cost ¿ =$ 44460
26000
Part (3)
The gross profit for the model is a product of unit price and number of units, which is
¿ $ 5112900
The difference between the production cost and the revenue gives the net revenue for the
firm hence
The above analysis shows that more production of the product will result in production
Part (a) the cash receipt budget for the first three months
Since the cash, the receipt is a function of sales receipt, and then the calculations are as
follows,
sales=( 1450 ( 15 % )∗(unit price ) ) −(4 % of 1450 ( 15 % ))∗( unit price )+ 1450(25 %)∗unit price
sales=$ 79982
sales=1650 ( 0.4∗140 )
Name18
sales=$ 92400
sales=2120 ( 0.4∗140 )
sales=$ 118720
price($) sales($)
Purchase receipt
¿ 0.2∗1650=330
¿ 0.2∗2120=424
¿ 0.2∗2460=492
Name20
S/NO month
Purchases
1 July 330
2 Septembe 424
3 August 492
sales=( 1450 ( 15 % )∗(unit price ) ) −(4 % of 1450 ( 15 % ))∗( unit price )+ 1450(25 %)∗unit price
sales=$ 79982
Name21
The cost of producing a bottle is $3.00 with a shipping cost of $0.20 for every unit.
For the external market, External selling prices are $4.00 per unit bottle
The cost incurred by the perfume division on each bottle in the external market is $3.50
Part (a)
( ∑ of prices)
The minimum transfer price¿ =¿
2
Part (b) for no excess capacity for the bottle division, the price would remain the same. It
Part (c) for no excess capacity for the bottle division, the perfume division will be willing
to pay the external price and the shipping cost, which will be
Part (d) when the demand is low at an excessive supply or production, it is very
QUESTION THREE-WEEK 10
Part (a) the weighted average unit contribution margin is given by the
taking the sales mix percentages for selling price and cost of production.
unit contribution margin=( 250∗12000 ) + ( 400∗600 )+ ( 1500∗2000 )−( ( 80∗12000 )+ ( 200∗600 )+ ( 800∗2000
Part (b) the number of units that must be sold at the break-even point for each model
printer type is executed as a percentage of the sales mix for the units sold.
Break−even units=0.5∗12000
Break−even units=0.4∗6000
Break−even units=0.1∗2000
Part (c)
(i) Margin of safety is the measure at which production is still meeting the production
costs. It's needed to predict the minimum loss that can be registered by a firm for a given
production.
Revenue=17916666.667−9000000
Revenue=$ 8916666
But the margin of safety is the revenue less the fixed assets
Name24
QUESTION THREE-WEEK 11
Part (a)
The revenue to be collected from 80000 units produced when each unit is $240, at an
$ 258000
unit price= =$ 25.8
10000
Part (b)
$ 258000−255000
unit price=
10000
$ 3000
unit price= =$ 30
100
The relevant cost for setting the price here is the demand to supply mechanisms. This is
because reduced demand results in reduced supply so if the price is set above $30, the customer
Part (c). Yes, all future cost is relevant in decision making. According to Gilbert, (2008),
future cost determines a prolonged use of the product by the clients. A failure, to consider that
the future consist of an initial stage would mean prices go high at a later time hence the demand
Total deducted expenses are given by the summation of all involved operating costs
Therefore the tax payable for 2017 is 30% of the taxable income which is;
Part (b) either the deferred tax liability or the deferred tax asset will be
The tax paid will be 30 %∗( $ 740000+ $ 70000 )=0.3∗$ 810000=$ 243000
Hence the deferred tax liability is the difference between the disposable tax income and
¿ $ 21000
Part (c) the journal entries on 30 June 2017 are profit, taxable income, advertisement fee,
The number of shares is 800000. Since the value of each share is $1.50, then the total
value of the entire 800000 shares is given as a multiplier of $1.50 which is;
Therefore, the total paid consolidation is given by the summation of the initial stake and
Part (a) of the data entries required for the acquisition records are the cost of acquiring
Part (b) the bargain purchase before the acquisition is given by the summation of
Hence,
¿ fair value of acquired asset +retained earnings−liabilities−shareholders equity−cost of acquiring the asset
Part (c) Discount is a required entry to minimize the exploitation of the subsidiary firm
Part (b). When the value of the asset for consideration is maintained at $1000000
Name29
The number of shares is 400000. Since the value of each share is $1.50, the total value of
Therefore, the total paid consolidation is given by the summation of the initial stake and
The bargain purchase before the acquisition is given by the summation of generated
Hence,
¿ fair value of acquired asset +retained earnings−liabilities−shareholders equity−cost of acquiring the asset
This is an indication that reducing the cost of acquiring the consolidated asset increases
On selling ordinary shares, the following are the journal entries when executing the
Number of shares,
Part (a) the consolidated disposable income is given to the primary firm, meanwhile, the
no controlling interests in aright fraction to ownership are given, for example, 80 percent is given
Part (b)
purchasing goods from another firm. The seller is termed as an apparent firm while the buying
firm is termed as a subsidiary firm. The parent firm has an interest called a controlling interest
that lies between 50 to 100 percent. The consolidation of the disposable income of the subsidiary
Part (c)
A parent firm experiences the deficit and or the investment returns before the
deconsolidation of subsidiary firms. When a parent firm retains interests that are not controlling
the rate of disposable income, measuring an investment occurs at the forecasted value as well as
any loss
Part (d) the first step is to identify the assets owned by a firm, the liability is secondly
identified and deducted from the assets, and then finally the shareholders' equity is found by
(i) According to Li Chen, the sales entry of $ 15000 is correct; this is because
Amelie ltd bought the inventory for $15000 cash from Jessica limited.
During the trading period for Jessica Limited, the inventory had been bought at $12000;
The profit made on the inventory or the retained inventory value is attained by taking the
=$15000-$12000
=$3000
Finally, since Jessica did not execute any hire purchase business and the inventory was
tax-free, then the deferred tax asset and the income tax expense were zero not $300 for each data
entry.
(ii) Upon selling the inventory by Amelie limited, the cost of sales by Amelie
The tax expenses are 30% of sales made which is 0.3∗$ 8000=$ 2400
Part (b)
On 30 June 2017.
Since Jordan limited bought the factory from Laila limited at $450000, then the cost of
Since the recurring value was $600000, then the sales will not be $600000 hence the
The income tax paid was 30% of the generated income which is0.3∗$ 150000=$ 45000 .
depreciation 300000
The depreciation value is ∗100= ∗100=50 %
value 600000
On 30 June 2018
depreciation 300000
The depreciation value is ∗100= ∗100=50 %
value 600000
Part (a) the paid cash consideration of $360000, therefore, 25% of the inventory was
' '
¿ 25 % inventory + total shareholder equity +buildin g s net value
¿ $ 90000+750000+(300000−240000)
¿ $ 900000
However, taking 30% of the basic generated income, the bargaining value becomes
Part (b) for the year bending 30 June 2015, Jamuna limited registered sales of $90000 and
the dividend was $30000 for which the net profit was $ 90000−$ 30000=$ 60000
Therefore the retained value was the sum of 75% of the sold inventory and the after-tax-
Part (c) for the year bending 30 June 2016, Jamuna limited registered sales of $300000
and the dividend was $150000 for which the net profit was $ 300000−$ 150000=$ 150000
Therefore the retained value was the sum of 75% of the sold inventory and the after-tax-
References
Jennifer J. Filla; Helen E. Brown (2013). Prospect Research for Fundraisers: The Essential
Rogers, Monica (2002). "The zen of noodles: Noodles & Company menu master Ross Kamens never