GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT
Presented by: Ampog,
Michelle C.
 DEFINITION
GROWTH - Growth is the process of physical
maturation resulting an increase in size of the body and
various organ.

It occurs by multiplication of cells and an increase in

intracellular substance.

It is Quantitative changes of the body which can be

measured in Inches/Centimeters/pounds/kilograms.

Growth is progressive and measurable phenomenon.

 DEFINITION
DEVELOPMENT - Development is the process of
functional and physiological maturation of the Individual.

It is progressive increase in skill and capacity to function.

It is related to maturation and myelination of the nervous

system.

It includes Psychological, Emotional and Social changes.

It is Qualitative aspect of maturation and difficult to

measure.
 The Human Life Cycle
The key stages in the life cycle of a human are as follows:

How do we change and

develop at each stage?

fetus baby childhood adolescence adulthood old age

 STAGES OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT

1. Prenatal Stage
Conception to Birth
This stage includes all the development occurring in the womb, from a single cell to a fully formed infant.
Divided into three sub-stages: germinal (first two weeks), embryonic (3-8 weeks), and fetal (9 weeks to birth).
2. Infancy
Birth to 2 Years
Rapid physical growth, including motor development (sitting, crawling, walking).
Major cognitive milestones such as recognizing caregivers and beginning to understand language.
Emotional attachment forms, and social skills begin to develop.
3. Early Childhood
Ages 2 to 6 Years
Physical growth slows but remains steady.
Cognitive development includes improved language, imagination, and problem-solving skills.
Social development includes learning self-control, following rules, and forming basic friendships.
 STAGES OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
4. Middle Childhood
Ages 6 to 12 Years
Physical growth continues, and motor skills refine, especially in activities like sports.
Intellectual skills improve, with more focus on logical thinking, academic learning, and understanding abstract concepts.
Social relationships become more complex, with peer interactions and friendships becoming crucial.
5. Adolescence
Ages 12 to 18 Years
Marked by puberty and rapid physical changes.
Cognitive development includes enhanced reasoning and abstract thought, as well as a stronger sense of identity.
Emotional and social development involves seeking independence, exploring identity, and forming deeper relationships.
6. Young Adulthood
Ages 18 to 40 Years
Physical maturity is reached, and lifestyle choices impact long-term health.
Cognitive development includes practical problem-solving and pursuing career or education goals.
Socially, there is a focus on building intimate relationships and establishing a family.
 STAGES OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT

7. Middle Adulthood
Ages 40 to 65 Years
Physical aging becomes more noticeable, though mental and emotional growth continues.
Cognitive focus often shifts to reflection, expertise, and life reassessment.
Social changes may include nurturing the next generation, career shifts, or personal achievements.
8. Late Adulthood
Ages 65+
Physical aging progresses, and health may decline.
Cognitive changes may include memory adjustments, but mental stimulation remains important.
Emotional and social changes often involve reflecting on life, retirement, and legacy, with a focus on
family and close friendships.
ERIK ERIKSON DEVELOPMENTAL
THEORY
ERIK ERIKSON DEVELOPMENTAL
THEORY
 FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT

FACTORS AFFECTING
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT

HEREDITY/GENETIC ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTOR FACTOR

RACE AND PRENATAL AND

SEX
NATIONALITY POSTNATAL FACTOR
 FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
GENETIC/HERIDITY FACTOR

* Abnormal genes from ancestors may produce different familial disease which usually hinders the growth and development, e.g. Hemophilia,
Thalassemia etc.
* The process of growth and development also affected in children with chromosomal abnormalities e.g. in Down's syndrome, Turner's
syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome

1.SEX
The sex of children influences their physical attributes.
At birth, male babies are heavier and longer than the females.
Girls mature earlier than boys.
Mean height and weight are usually less in girls than boys at the time of full maturity.

2. RACE AND NATIONALITY

Height and stature of Americans and Indians are usually differ because of the difference in growth pattern.
 FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
PRENATAL FACTORS

6. Miscellaneous
* Intrauterine environment is an important predominant factor of growth
and development.
: uterine malformation
1. Maternal malnutrition

2. Maternal infection malposition of fetus

3.Maternal substance abuse
oligohydramnios
4.Maternal illness

5.Hormones: Hormones like Thyroxine and Insulin influence the fetal polyhydramnios
growth. Thyroxine deficiency retards the skeletal maturation of fetus.
Excess Insulin stimulate fetal growth leading to large size fetus with
excessive birth weight due to macrosomia. maternal emotion during pregnancy
 FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
POSTNATAL FACTORS POSTNATAL FACTORS

cultural influence
Childhood illness
socio economic status
Nutrition
climate and season
Growth potential
play and exercise
Physical environment
birth order of the child

Psychological environment hormonal influence

 DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

Development is the functional maturation of organs. 3. Language development

It depends upon neuromuscular maturity, genetic determinants and 4. Personal and Social development
environmental influences.
5. Sensory development [like Vision
Developmental milestones are accomplished by the children at an and Hearing
anticipated age.

• Development is assess under following domain:-

1. Gross motor development

2. Fine motor development

 METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENTAL
SCREENING TEST

The Metro Manila Developmental Screening Test (MMDST) is a tool used to

evaluate the developmental progress of children up to 6½ years of age.
Originally based on the Denver Developmental Screening Test, it assesses
four primary developmental areas: personal-social skills, fine motor skills,
language, and gross motor skills. The test helps health professionals screen
for developmental delays by observing the child’s ability to complete
specific tasks relevant to their age group.
In administering the test, the child's exact age is
calculated to determine which tasks are age-
appropriate. Only items intersected by the child’s
age line on the test form are administered. Tasks
are scored as "Passed," "Failed," "Refused," or "No
Opportunity" depending on the child’s performance.
This scoring helps identify areas where a child may
need further developmental support if they cannot
complete age-appropriate tasks​
 STUDY
GUIDE:
Staying healthy will allow you to enjoy your life at
any stage in the human life cycle.

What are things you can do to stay healthy?

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/432831445/M
MDST
 Staying Healthy

Eat healthy foods Drink plenty of water

Try to eat a mixture of foods from Drinking water helps keep our
different food groups: fruits and normal body temperature. It also
vegetables, starchy food, dairy, prevents our bodies from
protein and healthy fat. becoming dehydrated, allowing the
body to work at its best.
 Staying Healthy

Stay active Get enough sleep

Our body isn’t made to sit around. Sleep allows our bodies to rest and
It needs regular exercise for the prepare for the next day. It also
joints and muscles to be kept in helps the brain sort and process all
good condition. the information it receives
throughout the day.
 Review

Stages in the Human Life

Staying Healthy
Cycle

The six key life stages in humans are: Healthy habits, from a young age,
foetus, baby, childhood, give rise to healthy adults.
adolescence, adulthood and old age.
Some of the things you need to do to
Each life stage has its own set of stay healthy include eating healthy
changes—some occur quickly, while foods, drinking plenty of water,
others occur slowly. exercising and getting enough sleep.
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REFERENCE:
Marquette University Online. (n.d.). Factors that influence growth and development. Retrieved
November 6, 2024, from https://online.marquette.edu/
Harvard University, Center on the Developing Child. (n.d.). The science of early childhood
development. Retrieved November 6, 2024, from https://developingchild.harvard.edu/
James Madison University. (n.d.). Physical growth – Child and adolescent development. Retrieved
November 6, 2024, from https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/
National Library of Medicine. (2023). Growth and development in childhood and adolescence.
Retrieved November 6, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023). Child development basics. Retrieved
November 6, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/
Metro Manila Developmental Screening Test (MMDST) ~ Nursing Path. (n.d.). Nursing Path. Retrieved
from https://www.nursingpath.in/2020/01/metro-manila-developmental-screening.html
Bato Balani Foundation, Inc. (n.d.). Understanding the Metro Manila Developmental Screening Test
(MMDST). Retrieved from https://batobalanifoundation.org/MMDST-overview
Studocu. (n.d.). Metro Manila Developmental Screening Test (MMDST) - Guidelines and Interpretation.
Retrieved from https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/guidelines

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