Scribd
Upload
5 views

Document 8

Uploaded by

moeez786amir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Document 8

Uploaded by

moeez786amir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

EXPERIMENT NO.

1
INTRODUCTION TO POWER SYSTEM TRANSMISSION &
DISTRIBUTION

Introduction:
The diagram shows a single line key diagram for a 220/132/11kV grid station in NKLP
Lahore. It includes components like transformers, circuit breakers, busbars, and switchgear,
and it also details the commissioning year of each grid station. The diagram outlines the
connections between various components in the grid station, indicating the flow of power and
the different voltage levels. This type of diagram is used by electrical engineers to understand
the overall layout and operation of the grid station.

Objective
To understand the Single Line Diagram (SLD) and identify the physical components of
transmission and distribution systems/substations.

Working:
Component name:
Buse Bar:
Bus bars are used in electrical systems to distribute electrical power to various loads. The size
and material of the bus bar are important factors in its capacity and performance.

Here are some reasons why bus bars are used in electrical systems:
 High Current Capacity: Bus bars can handle very high current loads, making them
suitable for applications where high power needs to be distributed.

OCB:
 Function: An OCB is a type of electrical switch designed to interrupt large electrical
currents under high voltage (132 kV in this case). It does this by breaking the circuit in an
oil-filled chamber.
 Working:
o When the circuit needs to be interrupted (for example, during a fault), the OCB
opens.
o This opening creates a gap in the circuit, causing the current to flow through the
oil.
o The oil acts as both a dielectric (insulator) and a heat sink, dissipating the heat
generated by the arc.

VCB:

VCBs are like OCBs but operate in a vacuum. They are commonly used for lower voltage
applications (like 11kV) compared to OCBs.
Working:
 When the VCB opens, the vacuum environment prevents the formation of an arc,
allowing the circuit to be interrupted more quickly and cleanly.

Disconnectors:

These switches open and close the circuit to isolate sections of the system for maintenance or
repairs. They are usually operated manually and are used for isolating equipment for safety
reasons. Disconnectors do not interrupt the current flow when the circuit is closed. They simply
disconnect the circuit by separating the conductors, preventing current flow.

Protective Relays:
These devices monitor the electrical system for faults and send signals to the circuit breakers to
trip, isolating the faulty section of the system. They are designed to detect faults, such as over
currents, short circuits, and ground faults.

Transformers (T):
Transformers are used to change the voltage level of the power system. They are essential
components of the power grid, enabling the transmission of electricity over long distances and its
distribution to consumers at lower voltages.

CT:
A CT (Current Transformer) is a device that measures the current flowing in a high-voltage
circuit by transforming it into a proportional current in a low-voltage circuit. The CT has a
primary winding connected to the high-voltage circuit and a secondary winding connected to the
measuring instrument.

PT:
A Potential Transformer (PT) is used to step down the high voltage in a power system to a safe
level for measurement by instruments. The PT has two windings: a primary winding connected
to the high voltage circuit and a secondary winding connected to the measuring instrument. The
voltage on the secondary winding is proportional to the voltage on the primary winding, allowing
instruments to measure the high voltage safely.

Auto Transformer:
An autotransformer works by using electromagnetic induction to create a magnetic field when an
alternating current passes through the winding. This induces a voltage in the portion of the
winding that is used as the secondary coil

You might also like