Davao Oriental State University

Banaybanay Campus

course
pack
in
Entrepreneurship
btle 101

Arranged by :
aimer s. lumaan, lpt
Instructor I

2024
 Davao Oriental State University
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COURSE INFORMATION
1. COURSE NUMBER : BTLE -101
2. COURSE TITLE : Entrepreneurship
3. COURSE DESCRIPTION : This course dwells on the basic entrepreneurial concepts and practices. Its includes topics
such personal entrepreneurial concepts, environment and market.
4. Course Credit :3
5. PREREQUISITE : Math 15

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the assignments, readings, and laboratory activities, the
student will be able to:

CLO 1 Discuss and characterize the attributes of a successful

entrepreneur;
CLO 2 Acquire knowledge and competency in Entrepreneurship;
CLO3: Create Business Plan;
CLO4: Master the concepts and principles in acquiring Capital
Investment;
CLO5: Gain engagement in Small Business Entrepreneurship;
CLO6: Obtain proficiency in the concept of Business Startups

Learning Outcomes:
Learn about Entrepreneurship
Come up with a business idea
Start a business as a teenager
Be a successful business owner
Draft, design, write, implement a business plan
Present a business plan to venture capitalists
Write a business plan for Internet business
Develop a business Development Budget
Write a venture capital proposal
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MODULE 2:
DEVELOPING A BUSINESS PLAN

DEVELOPING‌‌
A BUSINESS PLAN
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MODULE 2

A business plan serves as a vital roadmap for entrepreneurs, providing

a clear vision and strategic direction. It outlines the business's goals,
target market, financial projections, and operational strategies. By
developing a comprehensive business plan, entrepreneurs can gain
clarity, attract investors, and mitigate risks. It helps identify potential
challenges, allocate resources efficiently, and make informed
decisions. Ultimately, a well-crafted business plan increases the
likelihood of success by providing a solid foundation for growth and
sustainability.

Moreover, a business plan can serve as a valuable tool for securing

funding from investors or lenders. It demonstrates the entrepreneur's
understanding of the market, their ability to execute the business plan,
and the potential for a strong return on investment. A well-written
business plan can impress potential investors and increase the
chances of securing the necessary capital to launch and grow the
business.

In addition to attracting investors, a business plan can also help

entrepreneurs secure partnerships and collaborations. It can be used
to convince suppliers, distributors, and other strategic partners to
work with the business. By showcasing the business's potential and
long-term viability, a strong business plan can help build valuable
relationships and open doors to new opportunities.
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what I Know?
ACTIVITY

Before we start with this module, answer the following questions below.
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct, otherwise, write False if
the statement is incorrect on the space provided below.

__________1. Output represents the final products from the production process and
distributed to the customers.
__________2. The 4M’s in the production operation are the materials, manpower,
machine and money.
__________3.Manpower in production operation refers to the workers involved in the
production of goods.
__________4. Product description is the marketing copy that explains what a product is
and its benefits.
__________5. Prototype is a replica of a product.
__________6. Product to produce is one of the factors to be considered in the production
method.
__________7. Educational qualifications and experience is one of the criteria in
considering manpower.
__________8. Skills and expertise is not important in considering manpower.
__________9. Benefits are the reasons why customers will decide to buy the products.
__________10. Machine refers to the manufacturing equipment.
__________11. Supplier is an entity that supplies goods and services to another
organization.
__________12. Supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, data and
properties involved in moving a product or service from supplier
to customer.
__________13. Business model describes the rationale of how an organization makes,
transports, and captures value in economic, social, cultural or other
contexts.
__________14. In selecting the type of equipment to purchase, the entrepreneur may
consider cost and capacity of the equipment.
__________15. Value chain is the process or activities by which a company adds cost
to an article, that includes production, promotion, and providing of
after-sales service.
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LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Describe the 4M’s (Manpower, Method, Machine, Materials) of
operations in relation to the business opportunity
Appreciate the importance of production process, business model and
business plan
Apply the concept of 4M’s of production in a small manufacturing
business.

What’s In
You previously learned about the 7 Ps of Marketing Mix: Product, Place,
Price, Promotion, People, Packaging, and Positioning. These elements are
crucial for attracting and retaining customers. Marketing plans are
designed to capture a significant portion of the market and outmaneuver
competitors.
A brand name is a unique identifier, such as a name, symbol, or design,
that sets a seller's products or services apart in the market. Your brand is
one of your most valuable assets, as it represents your customers'
comprehensive experience with your business.
Experts believe that a good brand can result in better loyalty for its
customers, a better corporate image and a more relevant identity.
 Davao Oriental State University
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MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY:

GUESS THE PICTURE.

Direction: Given with the following pictures, fill in the following blanks
below to form a meaningful word. Two (2) points for each
correct word.

M_ _ _ _ _ _ _ M_ _ _ _ _ _ _

M_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M_ _ _ _ _ _
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lesson 4‌ ABSTACTION:
Entrepreneurial ventures can take various forms, such as sole
proprietorships, partnerships, or corporations, and can be involved in
merchandising, manufacturing, or service industries. However, what truly
sets entrepreneurs apart from ordinary business people is their innovative
and creative approach to identifying and capitalizing on business
opportunities.

Therefore, innovation and creativity are essential components of

entrepreneurship. While ordinary business people often rely on imitation,
entrepreneurs actively seek out new and innovative approaches, from
production to marketing.

Manufacturing operations provide ample opportunities for innovation, from

transforming raw materials into finished goods to packaging and delivery.

The three fundamental elements of the production system are inputs, the
transformation process, and outputs.

Figure 1.1. The Three Important Elements in the Production System

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Definition and Overview of the Input Process Output Model

Inputs

Inputs refer to the individual characteristics, group-level factors, and

environmental conditions that exist before the team begins its work,

Processes

Processes encompass the interactions, behaviors, and dynamics that

occur within the team as it undertakes its tasks.
Outputs

Outputs represent the results or outcomes achieved by the team, such

as productivity, quality, and member satisfaction.

The Input includes the following:

1. Manpower
2. Materials
3. Machine
4. Design
5. Instructions

The Production process, also referred to as the transformation or

conversion process, is the stage of production where the materials are
transformed into the final product with the aid of manpower and
machine.

The output represents the final product from the production

process and distributed to the customers.

4 M’s of Production
The most serious issues in the whole production system are the inputs
and the transformation process. Their quality determines the quality of
the output.
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The factors involved in the input and the production process are usually
referred to as the Four M’s of production, namely Manpower, Method,
Machine, and Materials.

Figure 1.2. The Four M’s in the Production System

C. Machine
Manpower talks about human labor force involved in the manufacture of
products. It is measured as the most serious and main factor of
production. The entrepreneur must determine, attain and match the most
competent and skilled employees with the jobs at the most appropriate
time period.
Educational qualifications and experience, status of employment, number of
workers required, skills and expertise required for the job are some of the
manpower criteria that must be highly considered by the entrepreneur.

B. Materials
It simply refers to the raw materials necessary in the production of
a product. Materials mainly form part of the finished product. Just in case
the resources are below standard, the finished product will
unsatisfactory as well. The entrepreneur may consider cost, quality,
availability, credibility of suppliers and waste that the raw
materials may produce.
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B. Machine
Machine is about manufacturing equipment used in the production of
goods or delivery of services. In the process of selecting the type of equipment
to purchase, the entrepreneur may consider types of products to be produced,
production system to be adopted, cost of the equipment, capacity of the
equipment, availability of spare parts in the local market, efficiency of the
equipment and the skills required in running the equipment.

C. Methods
Method or production method is the process or way of transforming raw
materials to finished products. The resources undergo some stages before it
is finalized and become set for delivery to the target buyers. The selection of
the method of production is dependent on product to produce, mode of
production, manufacturing equipment to use and required skills to do the work.

Figure 1.3. Illustration of Four M’s in the Production System

A product is the tangible outcome of a production process. It should

be valuable to consumers and fulfill their needs and desires. Products
can be either diverse or standardized.
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Heterogeneous products are unique and distinct, varying in features,

components, and physical appearance. They are easily distinguishable
from other products. Businesses that produce heterogeneous products,
such as furniture, bags, and home decor, often require entrepreneurial
innovation.

On the other hand, a homogeneous product has a physical

appearance, taste, or chemical content that can hardly be
distinguished from that of the other products. Businesses that
produce homogeneous products include makers of soft drinks, and
medicines.

After knowing the production process and system, and how the product
is being processed, not it is important to know about product
description, wherein product description promotes and explains what a
product is and why it’s worth buying. The purpose of a product
description is to provide customers with details around the features
and benefits of the product so they’re obliged to buy.

Know who your target market is, focus on the product benefits, tell the
full story, use natural language and tone, use power words that sell,
and use good images. These are guidelines for you to have a good
product description; since some customers are very particular with it
since they consider the welfare of their family, if it is safe to use.

Prototype is created before the massive production of such

product; an entrepreneur must consider prototyping. One of the
important early steps in the inventing process is making a prototype. A
prototype is a duplication of a product as it will be produced, which may
contain such details as color, graphics, packaging and directions.
Benefits are the reasons why customers will decide to buy the
products such as affordability, efficiency or ease of use. The features of
the product or service merely provide a descriptive fact about the
product or service.
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Testing product prototypes is crucial to ensure they meet customer needs and
expectations. This can help increase product awareness and sales. Pretesting
involves providing free samples to consumers so they can experience the
product or service before making a purchase decision.

The entrepreneur's primary goal is customer satisfaction, as customers are

essential to the business's success. Without customers, all efforts and potential
for future ventures would be in vain.

In a manufacturing venture, the supplier plays a vital role. They are your
business partners, without them your business will not live. You need them as
much as you need your customers to be satisfied. But as an entrepreneur
you have to choose a potential supplier who has loyalty and values your
partnership: a supplier who would lead you to the fulfillment of your business
objectives, mission and vision.

This entity is part of a supply chain of a business, which may offer the main part
of the value contained within its products. Certain suppliers may even involve
in drop shipping, where they ship goods directly to the customers of the buyer.

How do supply chain management systems coordinate planning, production,

and logistics with suppliers?

Supply chain management systems automate the flow of information among

members of the supply chain so that they can use it to make better decisions
about when and how much to purchase, produce, or ship.

Value chain is a method or activities by which a company adds value to an

item, with production, marketing, and the provision of after-sales service. The
main goal and benefit of a value chain, and therefore value chain analysis, is to
make or support a competitive benefit.
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supply chain is a structure of organizations, people, activities, data, and

resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer.

The primary goal of supply chain management is to oversee various

components and processes, such as raw material storage, inventory
management, warehousing, and the transportation of finished goods from
production to consumption.

Effective value chain management enhances the flow of products and materials
by accurately predicting sales and demand, optimizing inventory management,
minimizing delays, and ensuring product visibility and traceability throughout
the supply chain.

Supply chain management reduces purchasing costs. Retailers rely on supply

chains to rapidly distribute high-value products, avoiding costly inventory
buildup. Production delays can result in significant financial losses. Therefore,
supply chain management is increasingly vital.

Value chains enhance business efficiency, enabling companies to maximize

value while minimizing costs. The ultimate goal of a value chain is to create a
competitive edge by boosting productivity and maintaining reasonable costs.
 Davao Oriental State University
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Key Differences
Supply chain” and “value chain” are terms that often may be used
interchangeably, but there are quite a few differences that stand out
between the two.

Process:
Supply chains are considered to be operational management processes and are
mostly logistical. Supply chain thinking is all about how to accomplish
manufacturing and distribution tasks efficiently and at low cost. Value chains are
seen as business management processes and are mostly analytical. Value chain
processes are about gathering information to discover what customers value
and figuring out how to imbue the product with those qualities.

Activities:
This is where the differences between supply chains and value chains become
clear, because value chain activities encompass a broader set of business
functions. This is especially noticeable when it comes to interaction with
customers. Supply chains are all about getting physical things transported and
manufactured cheaply, quickly and correctly, but value chain activities can also
include advertising to drive demand for products and market research activities
to solicit feedback from customers (e.g., surveys) to make sure the business is
actually delivering the value it believes it is. Value chains also include innovation,
design and product development activities. Beyond those primary activities,
Porter’s value chain model defines most other business operations as
“supporting activities,” including human resources, procurement, and
technology.

Order:
Supply chains are about production, so supply chain thinking is often linear —
they’re called assembly “lines” for a reason. But value chain thinking might affect
any supply chain step, in any order, based on customer feedback. For example, if
customers don’t like plastic straws anymore, a beverage maker may need to
start sourcing paper straws to stick on the side of its juice boxes. Once that
decision is made, there may be knock-on effects, such as economies of scale or
order-volume discounts available by sourcing the boxes themselves from the
same suppliers as the straws.
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Objective:
The main objective of a supply chain is to continually improve the efficiency and
reliability of a production process. The main objective of a value chain is to
enhance the customer experience — which creates competitive advantage.
Consider product packaging. Supply chain thinking leads to using the least
expensive packaging that can be made flawlessly while protecting the product. A
value chain mentality should lead to that plus a great unboxing experience.
There’s a big difference between a customer cutting themselves on plastic
clamshell packaging and being so delighted by their packaging experience that
they post an unboxing video of their purchase to YouTube.

Steps:
Value chains have more steps than supply chains. With supply chains, you’re
figuring out how to best achieve known physical results. With value chain
thinking, you’re questioning whether different physical results may be desirable
as well. Consider vanilla ice cream. Supply chain thinking starts with “What’s the
cheapest and most reliable way to get vanilla that meets our criteria?” Value
chain thinking starts before that. It might, for example, ask questions such as
“How much do our customers value Tahitian vanilla? And would the extra expense
be counterbalanced by how much happier they’d be and how much more they’d
be willing to pay for ice cream made with it?” If the answers are “a lot” and “yes,”
respectively, that changes the relevant supply chain problem from “Get vanilla”
to “Get Tahitian vanilla.”
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A business model outlines how an organization generates, delivers, and captures

value in various contexts. The process of creating and adapting business models,
known as business model innovation, is a vital part of a business plan.

A business plan details a company's strategy for generating revenue and profits.
It outlines the products or services the company intends to produce and market,
the methods it will employ, and the anticipated expenses.

Key phases in developing a business model include:

Identifying the target market
Establishing business processes
Identifying necessary resources
Developing a strong value proposition
Identifying key business partners
Creating a strategy to meet the needs of today's generation
Embracing innovation

After developing a business model, the next step is to create a business plan. To
successfully complete this module, you must develop a business plan, implement
it, and maintain accurate records of business transactions.
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BUSINESS PLAN
What is a Business Plan For?

Entrepreneurs who plan to enter any business endeavor must have a business
plan on hand to guide them throughout the process. Different business
plans are prepared for different purposes. There are business plans written
prior to setting up an enterprise, which are similar to a prefeasibility study and a
feasibility study. Many new enterprises need to convince prospective
business investors about the soundness and potential of their business.

Some business plans are created during the early stages of an enterprise to
guide entrepreneurs in making strategic decisions. Others are developed when a
business reaches a peak and aims to expand or reinvent itself.

Business plans serve multiple purposes. They guide entrepreneurs, inform

investors and financiers, and provide direction to managers and staff.

Read the different scenarios below to fully understand the

importance of having a business plan.

Scenario 1:
“Jessie is the eldest of the five children of Mr. & Mrs. Natividad. The family is
having difficulty to support their everyday needs. Because of this, Jessie tried
selling banana cue and with his dream to make his business grow, he put up
many stalls in
the community without considering the advises of his friends to make a
business plan before implementing his decision. After a few months his stalls
shutdown.”

Scenario 2:
“Mercy is the youngest in the family. She found out that she loves to cut hair
and apply make up on her friends. Until such time that her friends introduced
her to their friends too for haircut and make up when there are
occasions. A few months after, Mercy was told by her friends to put up a
beauty parlor in their place. So she asks her mother who is also a
businesswoman to teach her how to make a business plan and eventually
ended with a successful business.”
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Scenario 3:
“Monna is a diligent student: because of her knowledge gained from
school about business plan she was able to enhance her skills in business and
finally found herself into her laundry shop business.”

Each scenario taught us that a business is not just about how much income or
profit you can get, but it’s about the life of your business. And in having a
business, you also have to consider Technological forces, Social forces, Political
forces, Cultural forces, Economic forces and Legal forces.

The following are the components found in a Business Plan.

 INTRODUCTION - THIS PART DISCUSSES WHAT IS THE BUSINESS PLAN

ALL ABOUT.
 Executive Summary - is part of the business plan which is the first
to be presented but the last to be made.
 Management Section - shows how you will manage your business and
the people you need to help you in your operations.
 Marketing Section - shows the design of your product/service; pricing,
where you will sell and how you will introduce your product/service to
your market.
 Financial Section - shows the money needed for the business, how much
you will take in and how much you will pay out.
 Production Section - shows the area, equipment and materials needed
for the business.
 Competitive Analysis - is the strategy where you identify major
competitors and research their products, sales and marketing strategies.
 Market – refers to the persons who will buy the product or services
 Organizational chart - is the diagram showing graphically the relation of
one official to another, or others of a company.
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APPLICATION 1:
General Directions: Answer the following questions based on your learnings
about 4M’s of Production and Value Chain or Supply Chain. Write your answer
on the space provided. Five (5) points for each correct answer for Problem No.1
and 2 points for each correct answer in Problem No. 2.

Independent Activity No. 1. “In your home, when you want to eat egg sandwich
before going to school, your mother would surely prepare it for you. Your egg
sandwich would not be produced without a process.”
1. Who would be your manpower? _______________________________
2. What would be your materials? ________________________________
3. What machines or tools would you use? _________________________
4. What methods are needed to produce the egg sandwich? (Cooking procedure
enumerate them).

APPLICATION 2:
Independent Activity No. 2: With the pictures shown below, identify each
picture whether it is Value Chain or Supply Chain.
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APPLICATION 3:
Business Plan Making
Below is a template for a business plan. You need to fill this out using
the information about the business you want to pursue. Write it in your
activity notebook in Entrepreneurship.

This section will show how you will manage your business and
MANAGEMENT the people you need to help you in your operations
SECTION a. Manager: ______________________________
b. Workers: ______________________________

This section shows the design of your product/service;

pricing, where you will sell and how you will introduce your
product/service to your market.

a. Product Description:
MARKETING _______________________________________
SECTION
b. Price:
______________________________________
c. Selling location: ____________________________
d. Promotional Activity: _________________________
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This section shows the money needed for the business, how
much you will take in and how much you will pay out.

FINANCE a. Capital Amount: __________________________

SECTION b. Expected Daily Sales: _______________________
c. Expected Daily Expenses: _______________

d. Income per Day: _____________________

This section shows the area, equipment and materials

PRODUCTION
needed for the business.
SECTION
a. Draw a lay out of your production area:
b. Enumerate the equipment needed:
c. Enumerate the materials needed:

RUBRIC FOR BUSINESS PLAN MAKING

The content was well-

thought of guide
Content questions were
15
thoroughly answered.

The paper was well-

Organization 10
written with ideas easily
conveyed to readers.

Development Points are thoroughly

5
developed.
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ASSESSMENT

Complete the statements below and write your answers in your

Entrepreneurship activity notebook.

1. _____________ talks about human labor force involved in the manufacture of

products. It is considered as the most serious and main factor of production.
2. _____________ is about raw materials necessary in the production of a
product.
3. _____________ refers to the process or way of transforming raw materials to
finished products.
4. The purpose of a _____________________ is to provide customers with details
around the features and benefits of the product so they’re obliged to buy.
5. It is a duplication of a product as it will be produced, which may contain such
details as color, graphics, packaging and directions. One of the necessary early
steps in the inventing method is creating a _______________.
6. ____________ are your business partners, without them your business will not
live.
7. ______________________ describes the reasons of how an organization
creates, delivers, and captures value in economic, social, cultural or other
contexts.
8. ____________________ is an important tool for you to have an idea about the
future of your business.
9. ____________________ is part of the business plan which is the first to be
presented but the last to be made.
10. ____________________ shows the design of your product/service; pricing,
where you will sell and how you will introduce your product/service to your
market.
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Direction: Encircle the letter of your choice.

1. Which of the following refers to the human workforce involved in the

manufacture of products?
A. Materials B. Method C. Machine D. Manpower

2. The 4M’s of production are as follows except ONE. Which one is it?
A. Management B. Manpower C. Method D. Machine

3. Which of the following refers to the marketing copy that explains what a product
is and why it is worth purchasing?
A. Prototype C. Business Model
B. Product description D. Suppliers

4. It represents the final products from the production process and distributed to
the customers.
A. Input B. Supplies C. Output D. Materials

5. It is a replica of a product.
A. Prototype C. Business Model
B. Product description D. Suppliers

6. Which of the following refers to the system of organizations, people, activities,

information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from
supplier to customer?
A. Supply Chain B. Value Chain C. Business model D. Prototype

7. Which of the following is the process or activities by which a company adds

value to an article, including production, marketing, and the provision of after-
sales service?
A. Supply Chain B. Value Chain C. Business Model D. Prototype

8. It describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures

value in economic, social, cultural or other contexts.
A. Prototype C. Business Model
B. Product description D. Suppliers
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9. It is an entity that supplies goods and services to another organization.

A. Prototype B. Product Description C. Business Model D. Suppliers

10. Which of the following refers to the manufacturing equipment used in the
production of goods or delivery of services?
A. Machine B. Manpower C. Method D. Materials

11. It refers to the process or technique of converting raw materials to finished

products.
A. Machine B. Manpower C. Method D. Materials

12. It simply refers to the raw materials needed in the production of a product.
A. Machine B. Manpower C. Method D. Materials

13. Statement I - Skills and expertise are not important in considering manpower.
Statement II - Benefits are the reasons why customers will decide to buy the
products.
A. Only Statement I is true. C. Both Statements are true.
B. Only Statement II is true. D. Both Statements are false.

14. Statement I - Educational qualifications and experience is one of the criteria in

considering manpower.
Statement II - Product to produce is one of the factors to be considered in
method or production method.
A. Only Statement I is true. C. Both Statements are true.
B. Only Statement II is true. D. Both Statements are false.

15. Statement I - In selecting the type of equipment to purchase, the entrepreneur

may consider cost and capacity of the equipment.
Statement II - The purpose of a product description is to supply customers
through details around the features and benefits of the product.
A. Only Statement I is true. C. Both Statements are true.
B. Only Statement II is true. D. Both Statements are false.

Congratulations! You have just finished all the lessons of this module.
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References:

1. https://www.6sigma.us/six-sigma-in-focus/input-process-output-
model/#:~:text=The%20Input%20Process%20Output%20Model,inputs
%2C%20processes%2C%20and%20outputs.
2. https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/erp/value-chain-
supply-chain.shtml.
3. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/businessmodel.asp#:~:text=A
%20business%20model%20is%20a%20high%2Dlevel%20plan%20for%
20profitably,model%20is%20the%20value%20proposition.
4. https://theintactone.com/2019/10/31/pmm-u1-topic-5-meaning-and-
types-of-production-
system/#:~:text=Large%20systems%20are%20often%20composed%2
0of%20smaller%20sub%2Dsystems.&text=Production%20system%20
comprises%20three%20main,%2C%20Conversion%20Process%2C%2
0and%20Outputs.
5. https://entrepreneurship0.weebly.com/four-ms-of-production.html