Name: ___________________________ Class: ________ Date: ___________

Diagrams and Derivations

Note: Include diagrams where necessary to illustrate concepts, such as forces acting on
objects during collisions and free-body diagrams for tension in strings.

Instructions for Students:

● Answer all questions in the provided answer sheets.

● Show all workings for numerical questions.
● Diagrams should be clearly labeled.
● Time allowed: 90 minutes.

PAPER I

1. Which of the following correctly defines the S.I. unit of force, the Newton (N)?

● A) kg·m/s²
● B) kg·m²/s²
● C) m/s²
● D) kg/s

2. Refer to the diagram below (not included here). If an object is sliding down a frictionless
incline at an angle θ, what is the component of gravitational force acting parallel to the incline?

● A) mg cos(θ)
● B) mg sin(θ)
● C) mg
● D) mg tan(θ)

3. A 5 kg box is pushed across a floor with a force of 30 N. If the frictional force opposing the
motion is 10 N, what is the acceleration of the box?

● A) 2 m/s²
● B) 4 m/s²
● C) 6 m/s²
● D) 8 m/s²
4. In the context of electrostatic force, which law describes the inverse square relationship
between force and distance?

● A) Newton's First Law

● B) Coulomb's Law
● C) Archimedes' Principle
● D) Law of Conservation of Energy

5. If two objects collide and their combined mass is 4 kg, with one object moving at 6 m/s and
the other at 0 m/s, what is the total momentum before the collision?

● A) 0 kg·m/s
● B) 12 kg·m/s
● C) 6 kg·m/s
● D) 24 kg·m/s

6. In a scenario where a car suddenly stops, which of the following describes the effect on the
passengers due to inertia?

● A) They move forward due to unbalanced forces

● B) They remain stationary due to balanced forces
● C) They are pushed backward due to momentum
● D) They experience equal and opposite forces

7. Refer to the diagram (not included here). Which of the following forces acts perpendicular to
the direction of motion in uniform circular motion?

● A) Centripetal force
● B) Gravitational force
● C) Frictional force
● D) Tangential force

8. Which of the following statements about elastic collisions is FALSE?

● A) Kinetic energy is conserved

● B) Momentum is conserved
● C) Objects stick together after the collision
● D) Both objects can move after the collision

9. A ball of mass 3 kg moving at 2 m/s collides elastically with a stationary ball of mass 1 kg.
What is the velocity of the 1 kg ball after the collision?

● A) 2 m/s
● B) 1 m/s
● C) 3 m/s
● D) 4 m/s
10. The frictional force can be minimized by:

● A) Increasing the surface area of contact

● B) Using rough surfaces
● C) Increasing the normal force
● D) Using lubricants

11. In a perfectly inelastic collision, what happens to the kinetic energy?

● A) It is conserved
● B) It is lost as heat
● C) It doubles
● D) It becomes zero

12. In the context of centripetal force, which of the following factors does NOT influence the
required centripetal force?

● A) Mass of the object

● B) Radius of the circular path
● C) Velocity of the object
● D) Temperature of the object

What is the S.I. unit of force?

● A) Joule
● B) Newton
● C) Pascal
● D) Watt

2. Which of the following forces is considered a contact force?

● A) Gravitational force
● B) Electrostatic force
● C) Frictional force
● D) Magnetic force

3. If two objects collide and stick together, this type of collision is known as:

● A) Elastic
● B) Inelastic
● C) Perfectly elastic
● D) Superelastic

4. According to Newton’s second law of motion, force is defined as:

● A) Mass divided by acceleration

 ● B) Acceleration divided by mass
● C) Mass multiplied by acceleration
● D) Velocity divided by time

5. A car accelerates from rest to a speed of 20 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the average force
applied if the mass of the car is 1000 kg?

● A) 200 N
● B) 400 N
● C) 1000 N
● D) 2000 N

6. The force of friction depends on:

● A) The speed of the object

● B) The surface area in contact
● C) The nature of the surfaces in contact
● D) All of the above

7. In circular motion, centripetal force acts:

● A) Towards the center of the circle

● B) Away from the center of the circle
● C) Tangentially to the circle
● D) In the direction of motion

8. Which of the following statements is true about gravitational force?

● A) It only acts on objects in motion

● B) It decreases with distance between the objects
● C) It is weaker than electrostatic force
● D) It is a contact force

9. Which of the following methods does NOT reduce friction?

● A) Lubrication
● B) Polishing surfaces
● C) Increasing surface roughness
● D) Using ball bearings

10. A 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s collides elastically with a stationary 2 kg object. What is the
velocity of the second object after the collision?

● A) 3 m/s
● B) 1.5 m/s
● C) 0 m/s
 ● D) 4.5 m/s

11. The concept of inertia is best described as:

● A) The ability of an object to resist a change in its state of motion

● B) The force required to keep an object in motion
● C) The mass of an object
● D) The speed of an object

12. Which of the following is true for rolling friction compared to sliding friction?

● A) It is greater than sliding friction

● B) It is equal to sliding friction
● C) It is lesser than sliding friction
● D) It does not exist

PAPER II

1. (2 Marks) Define momentum and provide its S.I. unit.

2. (2 Marks) Explain the relationship between force and momentum, including the equation that
relates them.

3. (3 Marks) A 5 kg cart moving at 4 m/s collides with a stationary cart of 3 kg. Calculate their
final velocities after an elastic collision. Show your work.

4. (2 Marks) Describe the law of conservation of momentum. Provide an example involving two
objects.

5. (2 Marks) Differentiate between elastic and inelastic collisions. Give one example of each.

6. (2 Marks) Explain the importance of safety features like seat belts and airbags in vehicles
using the concept of momentum.

7. (2 Marks) A 10 kg object is hanging from a string. Calculate the tension in the string when the
object is at rest and when it is accelerating downwards at 2 m/s².

1. (3 Marks) Describe the concept of force in detail, including its S.I. unit and how it relates to
motion. Provide an example from daily life.

2. (2 Marks) Differentiate between gravitational force and electrostatic force, including their
characteristics and applications.

3. (2 Marks) Analyze a scenario involving a car skidding on a wet road. Discuss the forces
acting on the car and how they relate to the concept of friction.
4. (2 Marks) Define momentum and explain the relationship between force and momentum.
Provide a numerical example to illustrate your explanation.

5. (2 Marks) State the law of conservation of momentum. Solve a problem involving two objects
colliding, with given masses and velocities. Show all calculations.

6. (2 Marks) Explain the differences between elastic and inelastic collisions. Provide examples
where each type of collision occurs in real life.

7. (2 Marks) Discuss safety features in vehicles, such as seat belts and airbags, in terms of
momentum and inertia. How do these features protect passengers during a collision?

8. (2 Marks) Derive the expression for centripetal force, and calculate the centripetal force
required for a 2 kg object moving in a circle of radius 5 m at a speed of 10 m/s.