Scribd
Upload
13 views

Ion Loss or Gain of Electrons Full Outer Shell: Formation of Ionic Bond How Ions Are Formed

Uploaded by

hanshika.k2010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Ion Loss or Gain of Electrons Full Outer Shell: Formation of Ionic Bond How Ions Are Formed

Uploaded by

hanshika.k2010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

FORMATION OF IONIC BOND

How Ions are formed

 An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of
electrons
 This loss or gain of electrons takes place to obtain a full outer shell of electrons
 The electronic structure of ions of elements in Groups 1, 2, 6 and 7 will be the same as
that of a noble gas - such as helium, neon, and argon
 Negative ions are called anions and form when atoms gain electrons, meaning they have
more electrons than protons
 Positive ions are called cations and form when atoms lose electrons, meaning they have
more protons than electrons
 All metals lose electrons to other atoms to become positively charged ions
 All non-metals gain electrons from other atoms to become negatively charged ions

Formation of a cation

Formation of positively charged sodium ion


Formation of an Anion

Formation of negatively charged chloride ion

What is ionic bonding?

 Ionic compounds are formed when metal atoms react with non-metal atoms
 Metal atoms lose their outer electrons which the non-metal atoms gain to form positive
and negative ions
 The positive and negative ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces
of attraction between opposite charges
 This force of attraction is known as an ionic bond and they hold ionic compounds
together

Dot-and-cross diagrams

 Dot and cross diagrams are diagrams that show the arrangement of the outer-shell
electrons in an ionic or covalent compound or element
 The electrons are shown as dots and crosses
 In a dot and cross diagram:
o Only the outer electrons are shown
o The charge of the ion is spread evenly which is shown by using brackets
o The charge on each ion is written at the top right-hand corner
Formation of ionic bonding

 Sodium is a Group 1 metal so loses one outer electron to another atom to gain a full outer
shell of electrons
 A positive sodium ion with the charge 1+ is formed, Na+
 Chlorine is a Group 7 non-metal so gains one electron to have a full outer shell of
electrons
 A negative chloride ion with a charge of 1– is formed, Cl–
 The ions are then attracted to one another and held together by electrostatic forces
 The formula of the ionic compound is thus NaCl
 The large square brackets should encompass each atom and the charge should be in
superscript and on the right-hand side, outside the brackets

Diagram representing the format ion of the ionic bond in sodium chloride

Sodium loses one electron and chlorine gains an electron


Dot-and-cross diagram of sodium chloride

Lattice Structure:

The lattice is the symmetrical three-dimensional structural arrangements of atoms, ions or


molecules (constituent particle inside a crystalline solid as points

Properties of ionic compounds

 Ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature


 They have high melting and boiling points
 Ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity in the molten state or in solution
 They are poor conductors in the solid state

Explaining the properties of ionic compounds

 Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points


o They have giant structures
o There are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
in all directions
o The forces need lots of energy to overcome them
 Ionic compounds are poor conductors in the solid state
o The ions are in fixed positions in the lattice
o They are therefore unable to move and carry a charge
 Ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity in the molten state or in solution
o When the ionic compound is melted or dissolved in water, the ions are able to
move and carry a charge
 The greater the charge on the ions, the stronger the electrostatic forces and the higher the
melting point will be
o For example, magnesium oxide consists of Mg 2+ and O2- so will have a higher
melting point than sodium chloride which contains the ions, Na + and Cl-

Diagram to show the electrical conductivity of ionic compounds

You might also like