Chapter 4: Trigonometric Functions FBF1074 Algebra and Trigonometry

Section 1: Angles

Convert the degree to radian (exact value) or radian to degree (measured to 2 decimal places).
a) 150 b) −1100
3𝜋 11
c) rad d) 𝜋 rad
8 3

Section 2: Values of trigonometric functions of acute angles

1. Find the value of the trigonometric functions for the angle  :

(a) (b)

2. Find the values of the other trigonometric functions when

3
(a) sin  = (b) csc  = 4
5

3. Find the values of the trigonometric functions, measured to 3 decimal places

(a) sin 45 (b) sec(−1900 )

4. Find the exact value of the six trigonometric functions of the following angles,
whenever possible.
(a) 900 (b) 2250

5. Find the exact value of the following trigonometric expressions.

  
(a) sin 300 cos 600 − tan 450 (b) 2 csc − sec cos
4 3 6

6. At 3:00 P.M., a boat is 12.5 miles due west of a radar station and traveling at 11 mph in a
direction that is 57.3° south of an east–west line. At what time will the boat be closest to
the radar station?
Chapter 4: Trigonometric Functions FBF1074 Algebra and Trigonometry

7. Consider the following isosceles triangle. The length of each of the two equal sides of the
triangle is a, and each of the base angles has a measure of 𝜃. Verify that the area of the
triangle is 𝐴 = 𝑎2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃.

Section 3: Pythagorean identity

1. Simplify the expressions

cot 2  − 4 2 − tan 
(a) (b)
cot 2  − cot  − 6 2 csc  − sec 

2. Show that
(a) cos  sec  = 1 (b) (1 + cos 2 )(1 − cos 2 ) = sin 2 
(c) cos 2  ( sec2  − 1) = sin 2  (d) log ( csc  ) = − log ( sin  )
sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2 ) 1 1
(e) + =1 (f) − = csc 2 x − sec2 x
csc ( 2 )

sec ( 2 )
 2 2
tan x cos x
1 − sin x 1 + sin x
(g) − = −4sec x tan x
1 + sin x 1 − sin x

Section 4: Sign of values of trigonometry functions/Reference angles

1. Find the values of the six trigonometric functions of 𝜃 if it is in standard position and
𝑃(−4, −3) is on the terminal side.

2. Find the values of the trigonometric functions for the given conditions:
3
(a) cot x = and cos 𝑥 < 0
4
(b) csc x = 5 and tan 𝑥 < 0
5
(c) cos x = − and cot 𝑥 > 0
3
(d) 𝑥 is in quadrant II and the terminal side is on the line 𝑦 = −4𝑥.

(e) 𝑥 is in quadrant III and the terminal side is parallel to the line 2𝑦 − 7𝑥 + 2 = 0.
Chapter 4: Trigonometric Functions FBF1074 Algebra and Trigonometry

Section 5: Addition and subtraction formula

1. Express as a trigonometric function of one angle.

a) cos 480 cos 230 + sin 480 sin 230 b) cos100 sin 50 − cos 50 sin100

 5
2. If sin a = − and sec b = for angle a in quadrant III and angle b in quadrant I, find
5 3
a) sin ( a + b )
b) tan ( a + b )
c) the quadrant containing a + b

Section 6: Double-angle and half-angle formula

3
1. Find the exact value of sin 2x , cos 2x and tan 2x , given that cos x = in quadrant I.
5
x x x
2. Find the exact value of sin   , cos   and tan   , given that tan x = 1 in
2 2 2
−1800  x  −900 .

3. Verify the following identity

( sin t + cos t ) = 1 + sin 2t
2
a)
b) tan x + cot x = 2 csc 2 x

c) tan = csc  − cot 
2

Section 7: Sum-to-product and product-to-sum

1. Express 2sin 9 x cos 3x as a sum or difference.

2. Express cos x + cos 2 x as a product.

3. Solve the following equations using sum-to-product formulas:

a) sin 5t + sin 3t = 0
b) cos 3x + cos 5 x = cos x
Chapter 4: Trigonometric Functions FBF1074 Algebra and Trigonometry

Section 8: Angle of elevation/depression, applied problems

1. A pilot, flying at an altitude of 5000 feet, wishes to approach the numbers on a

runway at an angle of 100 . Approximate, to the nearest 100 feet, the distance from the
airplane to the numbers at the beginning of the descent.

2. To find the distance d between two points P and Q on opposite shores of a lake, a
surveyor locates a point R that is 50 meters from P such that RP is perpendicular to
PQ, as shown in the figure below. Next, using a transit, the surveyor measures angle
PRQ as 720 . Find d.

3. From a point P on level ground, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is 260 .
From a point 25 meters closer to the tower and on the same line with P and the base
of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top is 530 . Approximate the height of the
tower.

4. When a mountaintop is viewed from the point P shown in the figure below, the angle
of elevation is  . From a point Q, which is d miles closer to the mountain, the angle
of elevation increases to  .

a) Show that the height h of the mountain is given by

d
h=
cot  − cot 
b) If 𝑑 = 2, 𝛼 = 150 and 𝛽 = 200 , approximate the height of the mountain.

5. A laser beam is to be directed through a small hole in the center of a circle of radius
10 feet. The origin of the beam is 35 feet from the circle. At what angle of elevation
should the beam be aimed to ensure that it goes through the hole?