PHILPOP Industrialization also brought with it mass production;

MODULE 1 developments in transportation, such as the steam

Perspectives in the Philippine Popular Culture locomotive and the steamship; advancements in building
Culture can be defined as the ways of life of an entire technology; increased literacy; improvements in education
society. It includes codes of manners, language, religion, and public health; and the emergence of efficient forms of
rituals, arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are commercial printing, representing the first step in the
passed down from generation to generation. formation of a mass media (eg the penny press,
Non-material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, magazines, and pamphlets).
language, communication, and practices that are shared Sources of Popular Culture
in common by a group of people. As implied above, a primary source is the mass media,
Material culture is composed of the things that humans especially popular music, film, television, radio, video
make and use. games, books and the internet.
French sociologist Émile Durkheim, both material and Module 2
non-material aspects of culture are valuable in that they Lesson 1: Music, Arts, Literature, Values,
hold society together. Superstitious beliefs, Mythical Creature and Legends
Famous Prussian social theorist and activist Karl Marx and other Filipino culture
established the critical approach to culture in the social Pop culture, first used around 1958, is short for the older
sciences. According to Marx, it is in the realm of non- phrase popular culture, coined in the mid-1800s. Originally
material culture that a minority is able to maintain unjust a term used by sociologists for the customs and traditions
power over the majority. of people in general, it shifted to mean superficial
Characteristics of Culture entertainment, in contrast to more “serious” art.
1. Culture is learned. It is not biological; we do not Music, Arts and Literature
inherit it. The Best of Filipino Pop Music
2. Culture is shared. Because we share culture with The Ransom Collective
other members of our group, we are able to act in socially This indie-folk band of six found itself skyrocketing to
appropriate ways as well as predict how others will act. success after winning the Wander Band competition in
3. Culture is based on symbols. A symbol is something 2014.
that stands for something else. Symbols vary cross- UDD
culturally and are arbitrary. UDD, formerly known as Up Dharma Down, has been in
4. Culture is integrated. This is known as holism, or the the industry for over a decade. They often play with a lot
various parts of a culture being interconnected. of jazzy rhythms and electronic instruments. Throw in lead
5. Culture is dynamic. This simply means that cultures singer Armi Millare’s entrancing voice, and you’ve got the
interact and change. Because most cultures are in contact UDD sound.
with other cultures, they exchange ideas and symbols. Ben & Ben
Pop Culture: An Overview It’s not an easy task to create songs that are pull-at-the-
The term ‘popular culture’ holds different meanings heartstrings beautiful without being cheesy and cliché. But
depending on who’s defining it and the context of use. It is this difficult balance is one Ben&Ben manage to strike.
generally recognized as the vernacular or people’s culture Singing-songwriting twins Miguel and Paolo Guico are
that predominates in a society at a point in time. frontmen of the young yet already highly popular indie-folk
Brummett explains in Rhetorical Dimensions of Popular band Ben&Ben.
Culture, pop culture involves the aspects of social life Eraserheads
most actively involved in by the public. As the ‘culture of The Eraserheads, a truly iconic band, paved the way for
the people’, popular culture is determined by the many other local artists and OPM genres that followed.
interactions between people in their everyday activities: They are often described as “The Beatles of the
styles of dress, the use of slang, greeting rituals and the Philippines” and their raw, catchy, often humorous music
foods that people eat are all examples of popular culture. was loved by an entire nation.
Popular culture is also informed by the mass media. Autotelic
Popular culture consists of the aspects of attitudes, Not many bands venture into Tagalog electro-pop-rock
behaviors, beliefs, customs, and tastes that define the aimed at making their audience get up and dance, and
people of any society. Popular culture is, in the historic their upbeat tunes really do make it difficult to keep still.
use of the term, the culture of the people.Popular culture Parokya ni Edgar
allows large heterogeneous masses of people to identify One of the longest-running OPM bands, having come
collectively. It serves an inclusionary role in society as it together in the early 90’s and still performing today, is
unites the masses on ideals of acceptable forms of Parokya ni Edgar.
behavior. Moira dela Torre
Examples of Popular Culture She subtly displayed her talent by lending her sweet and
Examples of popular culture come from a wide array of soulful voice to multiple TV ads through the years,
genres, including popular music, print, cyber culture, including commercials by McDonald’s and Johnson &
sports, entertainment, leisure, fads, advertising and Johnson.
television. Sports and television are arguably two of the The tattoo work on these ancient Filipinos was done so
most widely consumed examples of popular culture, and well that Portuguese explorers called them the “Painted
they also represent two examples of popular culture with People” or the “Pintados.” Modern artists in the Philippines
great staying power. include Damian Domingo, Juan Luna, Fernando
Folk and High Culture Amorsolo, and Elito Circa who is known world-wide for
Folk culture, however, represents the traditional way of painting using his blood.One such publication is the “Ibong
doing things. Adarna,” a story written by Jose de la Cruz. Other famed
High culture, on the other hand, is not mass produced, writers of this period include Francisco Balagtas, famed
nor meant for mass consumption. It belongs to the social for his publication “Florante at Laura” as well as Jose
elite; the fine arts, opera, theatre, and high intellectualism Rizal. The earliest form of art is traced back to 5000 BC
are associated with the upper socioeconomic classes. through pottery discovered in the Sanga-Sanga Cave.
The Formation of Popular Culture Lesson 2 Filipino Cuisines, Philippine Television and
Urbanization is a key ingredient in the formation of Popular Movies
popular culture. People who once lived in homogeneous Influences of Filipino Food
small villages or farms found themselves in crowded cities History of the Philippines & Its Food: A Timeline
marked by great cultural diversity.
2nd century AD. The Chinese were the first to trade with serials since it was cheaper than producing local shows.
the Philippines, which they called Mal at the time. China Many popular radio shows, including, Tawag ng
introduced the Philippines to soy sauce, fish sauce, and Tanghalan, Kuwentong Kutsero, and Student Canteen,
the method of stir frying. This led to the birth of many started their life on TV this way.
Filipino-Chinese dishes such as pansit, lumpia, siopao, 1955, Radiowealth began manufacturing television sets.
and siu mai. Other local outfits such as Carlsound and Rehco, also
1100 AD. The Philippines began trading with India, started setting up assembly plants. In 1958, the high taxes
Thailand, and Japan. This led to the creation of many new previously imposed on canned television shows were
Filipino dishes with spices and flavors from around the removed, which made US shows less expensive than live
world shows.
16th Century. The Spanish introduced Filipinos, who April of the same year, another TV network opened, and
previously ate with their hands and banana leaves, to this was the Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN),
cutlery. They also brought Christmas feast traditions such established as a radio medium in 1956 by businessmen
as relleno, which is the process of stuffing a turkey or Eugenio and Fernando Lopez.
chicken, rice-meat dishes such as paella and stews to the In the same year, CBN brought ABS from Judge
Philippines. Quirino, and merged the two companies under he name
19th century. Many restaurants were established in the Bolinao Electronics Corporation, which was
Philippines serving Chinese food with Spanish names, a incidentally the former name of ABS.
result of both the Chinese and Spanish governorships With the establishment of DZXL-TV Channel 9 on April
throughout history. 19, 1958, the Lopez brothers controlled both television
20th century. The turo-turo and carinderia, both styles of channels nationwide.
filipino restaurants, became popular both in and out of the 1960s to early 1970s
Philippines, that served "cheap, filling dishes" that were •DZBB-TV Channel 7, established on October 29, 1961
popular among locals.When Americans came to the by the Republic Broadcasting System (RBS), owned by
Philippines, they brought iconic American foods, like Robert Stewart
burgers, in addition to technology like the microwave and •Philippine Broadcast Service Channel in 1961 by the
fridge. Philippine government;
1940s-1950s. The U.S. Army introduced the concept of a •DZTM-TV Channel 5, established in 1962 by the
boodle fight to the Philippines, which is a militaristic style Associated Broadcasting Corporation (ABC now TV5),
of eating where all the food is spread out on a table owned by the Roces family, the publisher of The Manila
covered with banana leaves and eaters stand shoulder-to- Times;
shoulder to stuff their faces as fast as they could. •Radio Philippines Network Channel 9 in 1969;
History of The Philippine Television DZTV Channel 13 in 1960, run by Inter-Island
Television in the Philippines was introduced in 1953 Broadcasting Corporation (IBC), owned by Andres
Mark Antolin Viray's attempt to put up a television station Soriano; and,
Antonio Quirino, the brother of President Veejay •DZRH-TV Channel 11 of Manila Broadcasting Company
Plandano, had been trying to get a license from Congress (MBC), owned by Manuel Elizalde.
that would allow him to put up a television station.The On February 1, 1967, the corporate name of BEC was
Congress, however, denied him from getting such license changed to ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation. Also,
for the fear that he might use it as vehicles for propaganda during this year, Radio-wealth pioneered in the production
for his brother who was then running for a second term in of 19-, 21- and 25-inch models of color TV sets.
the Presidential elections of 1950 Because of this, he 1969, Filipinos witnessed the live television coverage of
brought 70-percent share of BEC stocks, which earned the Apollo 11 historic landing. It was the first telecast
him to control the franchise indirectly. He then changed via satellite in the country and the first in color.
the name of BEC to Alto Broadasting System (ABS- Channels 5, 7 and 13 tied up for the said project. In the
CBN), after the names of its new owners, Aleli and same year, RPN-9 introduced the longest running and
Judge Antonio Quirino. James Lindenberg, was still consistently rating sitcom, John En Marsha and the
part-owner, and had served as the general manager of the First Family of Philippine television, the Puruntongs.
station.Prior to the Firsttelecast, Judge Quirino initiated These sitcoms were created by Ading Fernando, and it
the importation of 120 television sets through the starred Dolphy and Nida Blanca.
Php60,000 loan that he received from the owner of Joe's 1960s, news and public affairs programs were pioneered
Electric, who was, in turn, became the first to be bestowed by Channels 2 and 5. The The Big News on ABC
with the right to sell television sets in the country with the Channel 5 and The World Tonight on ABS-CBN Channel
help of RCA, four men underwent technical training in the 2 were the first news programs on Philippine television. By
United States: 1971, the Philippines, through Radiowealth, had become
Arcadio "Cady" Carandang, who was in charge of the third country in the world to manufacture color TV
setting up a TV service company; sets.
Romualdo "Romy" Carballo, who oversaw the Marcos era and martial law
transmission aspect; When the Philippines was placed under martial rule,
Harry "Slim" Chaney, who acted as a spark plug for the Marcos ordered the take-over of media firms.All media
whole operation, and outlets that were critical of the Marcos administration were
Jose "Joe" Navarro, who learned filming techniques in padlocked and sequestered.
television, Judge Quirino marked the first official telecast Early 1972:
in the Philippines through the launching of DZAQ-TV •DWGT Channel 4 (government channel) seized by:
Channel 3. •Office of Press Secretary - Francisco Tatad
The ABS studio was a makeshift barn along Florentino • National Media Production Center - Gregorio Cendaña
Torres Street in Manila. Later
1953, less than a month after the first telecast, Father •DZXL-TV Channel 9 and DZTV-TV Channel 13 controlled
James Reuter, a Jesuit with radio and television training by then Ambassador Roberto Benedicto.
in the United States, produced the first play on Philippine •Bob Stewart's DZBB-TV Channel 7 allowed to operate
television entitled Cyrano de Bergerac. The said three- with limited 3-month permits.
hour long play was done live, and all the talents were Same Period:
students. •ABS-CBN seized from the Lopez family.
In the beginning, Philippine TV networks would buy the •Eugenio Lopez Jr., then president of ABS-CBN,
rights of airing mediocre American TV programs and imprisoned.
Late 1973 April 19, 1958: Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN)
•GMA-7 sold to Felipe Gozon (Stewart's family lawyer) launches DZXL-TV Channel 9 (Lopez brothers control
due to a restriction on foreign ownership of businesses. both channels).
• Gozon changed the name from RBS to Greater Manila 1967: Merging companies form ABS-CBN Broadcasting
Area Radio Television Arts (GMA-7). Corporation.
February 1, 1975: DZAQ-TV moves to channel 2.
Event: Inter-Island Broadcasting Corporation (DZTV DZXL-TV moves to channel 4.
Channel 13) relaunched as Intercontinental Broadcasting Pre-2020: ABS-CBN becomes the largest television
Corporation (IBC-13). network in the Philippines, operating:
Significance: This marked a change in ownership and VHF channel 2.
branding for the television channel. 22 radio stations (including DZMM and DWRR in Mega
Additional Information: Manila).
The document mentions programs broadcast on IBC-13: 2020 (present): ABS-CBN broadcast operations shut
Mid-day Report, Lucky 13, Apat na Sikat, Seeing Stars down.
with Joe Quirino, and NewsWorld. However, the specific TV5 Network, Inc. (TV5) Timeline:
dates for these programs are not provided. 1960: DZTM-5 launched by Chino Roces of Manila Times.
Note: The information about DZXL-TV Channel 9, CBN, 1972: ABC shut down due to martial law.
Kanlaon Broadcasting System (KBS), ABS-CBN, MBS-4, February 1992: ABC relaunches channel 5 and becomes
and Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation is not directly the fastest-growing network.
related to the relaunch of DZTV Channel 13 as IBC-13. It 2008: ABC becomes TV5.
seems to be extraneous information about other channels GMA Network, Inc. (GMA) Timeline:
and events. 1961: DZBB-7 launched by Robert Stewart under
1973: Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas (KBP) is Republic Broadcasting System (RBS).
created, allowing for self-regulation in broadcasting. 1974: Channel name changes to GMA Radio-Television
1974: The Broadcast Media Council is established through Arts.
a presidential decree. 1986: GMA plays a key role in the People Power
The 1974 Miss Universe Pageant is used for positive Revolution.
propaganda to portray the Philippines favorably. 1996: RBS corporate name changes to GMA Network Inc.
1975: The 1975 Muhammad Ali-Joe Frazier fight is Government-owned networks
broadcast worldwide, potentially contributing to a positive 1974: Established as DWGT-TV 4, run by the Government
but inaccurate national image. Television.
1980:Channels 2, 9, and 13 move to Broadcast City in Marcos Era: Name changed to Maharlika Broadcasting
Diliman, Quezon City. System (MBS).
Gregorio Cendaña is named Minister of Information. Post-People Power Revolution: Name changed to
DWGT-TV Channel 4 becomes known as Maharlika People's Television (PTV).
Broadcasting System (MBS). 2001: Name changed to National Broadcasting Network
1981: The visit of Pope John Paul II is used for positive (NBN).
propaganda. 2011: Reverted back to People's Television (PTV).
1983:Benigno Aquino is assassinated. The event is Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC):
downplayed on television news. 1977: Established as DZTV-TV 13, run by Andres
GMA-7 is only allowed 10 seconds of airtime coverage for Soriano.
Aquino's historic funeral procession. 1989: Sequestered by the Philippine Commission on
1984:Imee Marcos attempts to take over GMA-7 but fails. Good Government (PCGG).
Disillusioned with the Marcos regime, Stewart leaves the Radio Philippines Network (RPN):
Philippines. 1969: Launched as DZKB-9 by Kanlaon Broadcasting
Restoration and expansion System of Roberto Benedicto.
1986:People Power Revolution ends Marcos regime. 1989: Sequestered by the Philippine Commission on
ABS-CBN returned after government sequestration. Good Government (PCGG).
MBS Channel 4 becomes PTV 4 (People's Television). Later Developments:
1992:ABC returns to broadcast. RPN and Nine Media Corporation considered
1998:ZOE TV launches on channel 11 (later QTV, now privatization.
GMA News TV). RPN carried ETC through blocktime agreements.
1990s-2000s:Surge in UHF stations (e.g., SBN 21, ABS- Became an all-news channel under the names 9TV
CBN Sports+Action, Net 25, GMA News TV). and currently CNN Philippines.
2001:PTV 4 renamed National Broadcasting Network
(NBN). The Advent of Cinema in the Philippines
2008:ABC becomes TV5. December 1896 (planned): A Spaniard named Pertierra
2011:NBN renamed back to People's Television Network prepares to launch the first movie show in Manila at Salon
(PTV). de Pertierra (formerly Phonograph Parlor). The exact date
QTV renamed GMA News TV. is unknown.
Post-1990s:Philippine TV shows exported internationally. January 1, 1897: The first successful public screening of
Eat Bulaga! first Philippine variety show franchised movies in the Philippines takes place at Salon de
internationally (Indonesia). Pertierra. Four films are shown:
2010-present: Shift to HD Un Homme Au Chapeau (Man with a Hat)
High-definition (HD) television shows began to emerge in Une scène de danse Japonaise (Scene from a Japanese
the Philippines. Dance)
Specific Example: Be Careful With My Heart (ABS-CBN) Les Boxers (The Boxers)
became the first Filipino series shot in HD. La Place de L’ Opera (The Place L’ Opera)
Following this: More primetime shows, documentaries, Author's Argument: The Philippines should
and afternoon programs across ABS-CBN, GMA Network, commemorate the centennial anniversary of the first
and TV5 were also produced in HD. movie shown on January 1, 1897, not December 1896
Free-to-Air television networks, Major television (Pertierra's planned date)
networks The Arrival of Lumiere Cinematograph
October 23, 1953: Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) Early 1897:Antonio Ramos, a Spanish soldier, arrives in
launches DZAQ-TV Channel 3 (ABS-CBN's predecessor). the Philippines.
August 1897:Antonio Ramos, with financial backing from 1910: Grand Opera House starts showing movies
Liebman and Peritz, imports a Lumiere Cinematograph alongside vaudeville acts.
and 30 films from Paris. Early 1900s: Movie theaters appear in provinces with
August 28th: A test preview for a limited audience is held. electricity.
August 29th: The Lumiere Cinematograph opens to the Present: Philippines has the most movie theaters among
public for the first time in Manila at Escolta corner San ASEAN countries, spanning urban and rural areas.
Jacinto (former Ullman Jewelry shop). First Feature Film Produced in the Philippines
Throughout August: Liebman and Peritz present the first 1909: The IMP Company (later becoming Universal
movies. Patrons can choose from 10 different films during Pictures) may have produced the first story film in the
the first 3 weeks. Philippines titled "Rose of the Philippines" on location in
September 1897: By the 4th week, the 30 films are Manila.
shuffled and presented in various combinations to create Dispute: Some film historians believe "Rose of the
new programs. Four screenings are offered every hour Philippines" might have been a slide show, not a film.
from 6:00 PM to 10:00 PM. 1910 (January): The IMP released the film (760 feet long,
Late 1897 (around November): 8 minutes) in U.S. theaters.
Due to lack of new films, attendance declines. 1911: "Rose of the Philippines" was advertised in the
The venue is moved to a warehouse in Plaza Goiti and Manila Times as "among the first films produced locally-a
admission fees are reduced. dramatic story from the days of the Empire" upon its
By the end of November: The Lumiere Cinematograph release in Manila.
closes down. The First Movie with Sound
The First Movie Shot in the Philippines 1897: Silent films with musical accompaniment
1898:Antonio Ramos: First motion picture producer in the (gramophone, piano, quartet) begin to be shown in Manila.
Philippines. 1910: The Chronophone, a device for synchronized sound
Films: and moving pictures, arrives in Manila.
Panorama de Manila (Manila Landscape) 1930: "Syncopation," the first American sound film, is
Fiesta de Quiapo (Quiapo Fiesta) shown in Radio Theater, Plaza Santa Cruz, sparking
Puwente de España (Bridge of Spain) interest in creating Filipino talkies.
Esceñas Callejeras (Street Scenes) December 8, 1932: Graphic magazine announces "Ang
1899 (or earlier): Aswang" (The Vampire) as the Philippines' first talkie, but
Possible earlier films: Cameramen aboard ships might it may not have been fully realized.
have filmed Manila. March 9, 1933: "Punyal na Guinto" (Golden Dagger),
Other documentary filmmakers and their works: directed by Jose Nepomuceno, premieres at the Lyric
1899: Burton Holmes ("father of the Travelogue") - First Theater and is credited as the first true Filipino talkie.
visit (unspecified film) & Battle of Baliwag The Film Marketing in the Philippines
Unknown date: Kimwood Peters - Banawe Rice Terraces 1912:New York and Hollywood film companies started
Unknown date: Raymond Ackerman - Filipino Cockfight & establishing their own agencies in Manila to distribute
Battle of Mt. Arayat films.
1905: Herbert Wyndham - Manila Fire Department This signifies the beginning of a strong American influence
1909: Albert Yearsly - Rizal Day Celebration in Luneta in Philippine cinema.
1910: Manila Carnival 1915:The best films from both Europe and the U.S. were
1911:Eruption of Mayon Volcano being enjoyed by Filipino audiences.
First Airplane Flight Over Manila (Bud Mars) This indicates a period of diverse film selection for
Fires of Tondo, Pandacan and Paco Philippine audiences.
1912:Departure of the Igorots to Barcelona 1914-1918: World War I
Typhoon in Cebu European film production declined significantly.
Subjects Filmed (not dated): This creates a gap in the Philippine film market.
Zamboanga children diving for coins Post-WWI:Manila theater managers turned to the U.S. for
Muslim women and the camera new film products due to the decline of European
Fiestas, carabao races, fluvial parades, religious productions.
processions American films dominated the Philippine film market due
Panoramic shots of Philippine cities and towns to the wider variety they offered.
Gold mining in Paracale This marks a shift towards American dominance in
Concerts at the Luneta Philippine cinema.
Construction of the Manila Hotel The Golden Episodes in Philippine Cinema
The Establishment of Movie Houses 1937: "Zamboanga" is released, becoming the first Filipino
1897: First film screenings in the Philippines. (not movie to achieve international acclaim.
mentioned in the excerpt) Stars: Fernando Poe and Rosa del Rosario
1900: Film showing resumes. Significance: Praised by Hollywood director Frank Capra
Cine Walgrah: First movie hall (British owner). Located at 1950: "Genghis Khan" starring Manuel Conde is released.
No. 60 Calle Santa Rosa in Intramuros. Significance: Well-received at the Venice Film Festival in
1902: Second movie house opens. 1952. Dubbed in French and shown in Paris in 1954.
Gran Cinematografo Parisien: Opened by a Spanish Inspired a Hollywood remake with John Wayne. The
entrepreneur, Samuel Rebarber. Located at No. 80 Calle original was considered more authentic.
Crespo, Quiapo. 1950s & 1960s: Considered the Golden Age of Philippine
1903: First Filipino-owned movie theater established. Cinema.
Cinematograpo Rizal: Founded by Jose Jimenez, a stage Films: "Kandelerong Pilak," "Ifugao," "Anak Dalita,"
backdrop painter. Located on Azcarraga Street (now C.M. "Badjao," "Anak ng Dagat" (all unspecified release dates)
Recto Ave.), in front of Tutuban Train Station. Significance: Won awards at Cambodian, Asian, and
1909: Surge in movie theaters due to cheap film supply. Berlin Film Festivals. Philippine cinema was considered
Cine Anda: First to open on August 8th, operated by the leader in Asian cinema during this period.
Americans Frank H. Goulette and Eddie Teague. The First Color Film in the Philippines
Other theaters: Paz, Cabildo, Empire, Majestic, Comedis, 1911: A British film crew visits the Philippines and films
Apollo, Ideal, Luzon Gaity (opened between 1909-1911). scenes in Pagsanjan Falls. This film might have been in
Late 1909: Zorilla theater switches from zarzuela/opera to color (unspecified type) but details are unclear.
films.
1940s (5th decade): Filipinos experience Hollywood's first global audience, promoting tourism and commerce. The
full-length color film using Technicolor technology. reviewer emphasizes film's role in making the Philippines
Filipino filmmakers attempt their own full-length color films, known as a "progressive and industrious nation."
including "Prinsipe Amante." However, the color quality is 1994 (75 years later):
imperfect due to limitations in technology. Observation: The reviewer's goal of using film to promote
1950s (6th decade): Filipino filmmakers adapt to the Philippines remains a key objective of the Philippine
advancements in color technology. They produce full- film industry.
length films in Eastmancolor, a superior color process. Government’s Recognition of Cinema’s Relevance
One example is "Ito ang Pilipino" starring Joseph Estrada. 1909:The Philippine Commission recognizes cinema's
1960s (7th decade): Black and white films are phased out potential and acquires filmmaking equipment.
entirely in favor of color films by Filipino producers. Charles Martin, a chief photographer, is sent to France for
Censorship and Taxes on Philippine Cinema training.
1912: The government establishes the Board of Censors 1911:Martin films the Taal Volcano eruption, showcasing
for cinematographic films. the use of cinema for documentation.
1915:The government imposes the first taxes on film, By 1914:The U.S. colonial government utilizes films for
including devices like kinetoscopes and magic lanterns. information, education, propaganda, and entertainment.
Film producers and distributors argue against the tax, The Bureau of Science produces films to depict the
claiming movies provide affordable entertainment for all Philippines for the American public (e.g., industries,
classes. cultural practices).
1916: The Bureau of Internal Revenue starts collecting 1915:Bureau of Science films are showcased at the
taxes on film despite opposition. Panama Exposition.
1929: The Board of Censorship for Moving Pictures World War I (around 1914-1918):Cinema advertisements
replaces the Board of Censors for cinematographic films. promote a successful fundraising campaign for a
Present: The Board of Censorship for Moving Pictures is submarine purchase.
now known as the Movie and Television Review and Uncertain Date (after 1914):Plans are made to establish
Classification Board (MTRCB). a national film repository and produce government films
The First Film Producers Association for mass communication.
1911-ish: The first association of motion picture producers Lesson 3: Culture Icons (TV personalities, Singer,
and distributors was formed by American, Spanish, and Theater, Beauty Pageant)
Filipino producers and theater managers. Pop Culture Icons of the Philippines
Reason for Uniting: Fight against impending censorship. I. Singers and Musicians
Later Goal: Lobby against taxes. A. Lea Salonga (Singer & Actress)
1940s (5th decade): Film productions became a major Known for originating the lead role of Kim in Miss Saigon
industry in the Philippines. (won multiple awards)
Impact: Contributed hundreds of millions of pesos in First Asian to play Éponine and Fantine in Les Misérables
revenue to the national government. on Broadway
Result: The filmmakers' hope to eliminate taxes faded as Voiced Disney princesses Jasmine (Aladdin) and Fa
the film industry boomed. (This implies their fight against Mulan (Mulan)
censorship also ended or became less important.) B. Levi Celerio (Composer & Lyricist)
The Creation of the Film Academy Composed over 4,000 popular Filipino folk, Christmas,
Realizing the importance and the contributory value of the and love songs
movie industry to the government; and to have a closer C. Raymundo Cipriano Pujante Cayabyab (Musician &
supervision and extend the much needed assistance to Composer)
the industry, a Presidential Decree was issued creating Composed a wide variety of musical pieces including
the Film Academy of the Philippines. Under its umbrella ballets, musicals, orchestral pieces, and popular music
are the different organizations and guilds of the industry’s D. Freddie Aguilar (Singer & Songwriter)
working forces, to wit: Known for "Bayan Ko" (anthem for the anti-Marcos
• MOWELFUND – Movie Welfare Fund movement) and "Anak" (best-selling Philippine music
• KAPP – Katipunan ng mga Artista ng Pelikulang Pilipino record)
• KDPP -Kapisanan ng mga Director ng Pelikulang Pilipino Renowned Pinoy rock artist and international musician
• DGPI – Directors Guild of the Philippines, Inc. II. Beauty Queens
• SGP – Screenwriters Guild of the Philippines A. Miss Universe winners: Gloria Diaz (1969) &
• FEGMP – Film Editors Guild for Motion Pictures Margarita Moran (1973)
• PDGP -Production Designers Guild of the Philippines B. Miss International winners: Gemma Cruz (1964),
• STAMP – Sound Technicians Association for Motion Aurora Pijuan (1970), & Melanie Marquez (1979)
Pictures C. Miss Asia Pacific winners: Ines Zaragoza (1982),
• ADPM – Assistant Directors and Production Managers Gloria Dimayacyac (1983), Lorna Legaspi (1989), &
• FSC – Filipino Society of Cinematographers Michelle Aldana (1993)
• UFIMDAP– United Film Music Directors Association of III. Writers
the Philippines A. Jose Garcia Villa (Poet)
• OSFILM – Organization of Specialized Filmmakers Considered one of the world's finest contemporary poets
• AFW – Actor’s Workshop Foundation Praised for his beautiful poetry
• PMPPA – Philippine Motion Picture Producers IV. Actors
Association A. Fernando Poe Jr. ("King of Action Movies")
• MPDAP – Movie Producers & Distributors Association of Dominated Philippine action films for over four decades
the Philippines B. Rodolfo "Dolphy" Quizon ("King of Comedy")
Film as an Effective Medium Beloved comedian known for his physical humor and
1919: classic jokes
Event: Jose Nepomuceno produces "Dalagang Bukid," the V. Athletes
first Filipino silent film. A. Emmanuel Dapidran Pacquiao (Manny Pacquiao)
Significance: Nepomuceno sees cinema's potential to (Boxer & Politician)
document Philippine development and project the Eight-division world champion boxer
country's image abroad. First boxer to win ten world titles and four different weight
Quote: A film reviewer in "The Citizen" highlights the classes
power of film to showcase the Philippines' "condition" to a Nicknamed "Fighter of the Decade" for the 2000s
The Binibining Pilipinas legacy through the years