Development Research about the Power Battery

Management System of Pure Electric Vehicle

Chuan sheng Si
Faculty of Transportation Engineering
Huaiyin Institute of Technology
Huai an, China
[email protected]

Abstract—Battery management system can provide accurate and

reliable power battery information to electric vehicle, as well as II. THE OVERALL SCHEME OF PURE ELECTRIC VEHICLE
carry on real-time monitoring to the various functions of battery BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DESIGN
management system itself operated. And it also can carry on
acquisition and analysis to battery running data. The electric A. The main functions of the battery management system
vehicle power battery management system designed in this paper
• Monitoring the various operating parameters of battery
has solved the real-time accurate collection problem of battery
pack accurately, such as the module voltage, the total
monomer voltage, which lays a good foundation for accurate
judging the battery status and accurate measuring state of charge
battery voltage, battery temperature, battery, and
(SOC). pressure etc..
• Forecasting battery SOC, maximum allowable
Keywords-Electric vehicle, Battery management system, CAN, charging and discharging current, discharge depth
SOC
through the measured battery parameters.

I. INTRODUCTION • Controlling the battery’s charging, decide electric

quantity which may be released or emitted according to
The key to the industrialization of electric vehicles is the the state of battery to avoid damaging battery.
development of power battery and application technology
industrialization. At present, the main bottlenecks that restrict • Module voltage using high distributed collection
the electric vehicle development are battery and its application program, transmits the collecting data with the CAN-
technology. The intelligence management system not only can bus.
carry on the site management to the power battery pack, but
also can carry on the monitor and the control to each battery. • The battery management system uses high-speed CAN
Besides, it can joint with the host system easily, realize the bus communicating with the vehicle to control system
centralized monitoring and the data transmission. It can real- to achieve real-time and reliability requirements.
time monitor power battery performance parameters, timing • Real-time obtain various states of the battery pack,
measure a single battery's terminal voltage, as well as battery send out different levels alarm message when the
temperature and working current. These parameters will be breakdown presents, and take appropriate measures to
shown on LCD, and when the battery voltage, current, protect the safety of the battery pack.
temperature, anyone over standard, control circuit of battery
pack will be cut off. The battery's SOC (State of Charge) will • SOC of all single battery within the battery pack and
be calculated, and shown through the liquid crystal display[1]. voltage balanced control[2].
The electric vehicle operating conditions is quite complex, • Battery pack thermal management.
such as environmental temperature and humidity changes, load
capacity changes, air pressure changes, atmospheric corrosion, B. The basic structure of the battery management system
vibration, shock, sudden changes of input/output power, static The battery management system structure is shown in
place, etc., which determines the battery condition is also more Figure 1, as in [3].
complicated. To make electric vehicle with good performance
characteristics under various working conditions, it needs to
plan and design for battery management system structure,
which to ensure management system reliability and safety
practical application, avoid over charging and discharging,
extend battery service life and to improve the comprehensive
property of battery.

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 Column icon and select “2 Columns”. If you have an odd
number of affiliations, the final affiliation will be centered on
the page; all previous will be in two columns.
B. Data Acquisition Module
The acquisition of total voltage, current and temperature are
completed by DSP. Single voltage battery acquisition and
balanced are completed by the OZ890 chip and sent to DSP by
I2C bus. This module circuit mainly includes front-end
acquisition processing and equalization circuit.

C. I2C Communication Module

Figure 1. Battery management system structure. The acquisition and processing data sent to LF2407 through
the I2C bus by OZ890 sampling module. As LF2407 itself
without the I2C interface, this design uses PCA9564 to expand
III. SYSTEM HARDWARE DESIGN its I2C interface. In order to prevent the data transmission on
Battery management system circuit is consists of power I2C bus from electromagnetic interference, isolation is
module, DSP chip TMS320LF2407A and data acquisition necessary to bus signal. Considering the I2C bus is bidirectional
module based on multiple OZ890, I2C communication module, transmission, isolation is carried on by using the AduM1250
SCI communication module and CAN communication module. bidirectional isolation chip.

A. Power Module D. Serial Communication Module

Power provided by vehicle is +12 V, the voltage Battery management system sent the acquisition and
management system needed include: +3.3 V (DSP, isolating processing data to PC interface through serial, realizing
circuit), +5 V (the bus driver and other chips used), ± 15V human-machine interaction. Through serial interface,
(current sensor), which can be obtained through converting parameters, such as battery's total voltage, monomer voltage,
DC-DC, by which not only can satisfy the power demands of current, SOC, fault state, charging and discharging power and
each chip, but also can play the role of isolation anti- so on can be observed, and can also be sent through serial to
interference. realize on-line calibration of management system.
1) For author/s of only one affiliation (Heading 3): To MAX232 is + 5V power transceiver, connected with
change the default, adjust the template as follows. computer serial, realizing the level conversion between the
a) Selection (Heading 4): Highlight all author and RS-232 interface signal and TTL signal, carrying on
affiliation lines. asynchronous serial communication between BMS and PC
machine.
b) Change number of columns: Select the Columns icon
from the MS Word Standard toolbar and then select “1 In order to prevent the data transmission on serial from
Column” from the selection palette. electromagnetic interference, it is necessary to isolation to bus
signal. As serial is one-way transmission, it is more convenient
c) Deletion: Delete the author and affiliation lines for the to use 6N137 photoelectric coupling.
second affiliation.
2) For author/s of more than two affiliations: To change E. CAN communication module [4]
the default, adjust the template as follows. The CAN communication is the information bridge joint
a) Selection: Highlight all author and affiliation lines. battery management system (BMS) with vehicle HCU. BMS
sends battery state parameters to HCU through the CAN bus.
b) Change number of columns: Select the “Columns”
HCU makes decisions by judging current battery state and
icon from the MS Word Standard toolbar and then select “1
assigns the power between the motor and engine, to control
Column” from the selection palette. charge-discharge current. Meanwhile BMS can also receive
c) Highlight author and affiliation lines of affiliation 1 relational commands from HCU and make corresponding
and copy this selection. processing. The hardware mainly provides differential sending
ability to bus data and differential receiving ability to
d) Formatting: Insert one hard return immediately after
communication bus data through PCA82C250 general CAN
the last character of the last affiliation line. Then paste down
transceiver.
the copy of affiliation 1. Repeat as necessary for each
additional affiliation.
IV. SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN
e) Reassign number of columns: Place your cursor to the
right of the last character of the last affiliation line of an even From the function battery pack comprehensive
numbered affiliation (e.g., if there are five affiliations, place management software system is divided into five program
modules: system initialization, human-computer interface,
your cursor at end of fourth affiliation). Drag the cursor up to
data processing, fault diagnosis, communication and network.
highlight all of the above author and affiliation lines. Go to

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7KH system initialization module is to implement the
diagnosis and start of the central processing circuit as well as
the initial definitions and settings of system variables; human-
computer interface module is responsible for processing the
input commands and displaying the output; data processing
module is to achieve data collection and conversion, battery
group's remaining capacity prediction algorithm
implementation and other functions; fault detection and
diagnosis module gives the alarms of the abnormal state of the
battery; communication and network module provides
protection within the system, and makes real-time, high-speed
and reliable information exchange between systems and other
vehicle control units.
Battery state of charge SOC, describing the number of
remaining battery power, is an important parameter in the use
of battery. Therefore, SOC estimation is an important function
of the management system of electric vehicle battery. In this
system, when CAN sends a message, the central processor
(CPU) must send it to the sending buffer and command the
sending and requesting flag in the register. When the vehicle
controller requires the current remaining capacity, a remote
frame requesting the battery management system to send the
remaining charge is sent, then the CAN transmit module is
invoked, and at this time battery management system sends the
Figure 3. Battery management system structure.
data frames>@ of the remaining capacity. The flow diagram of
remaining power calculation program is shown in Figure 2; the
flow diagram of CAN transmission is shown in Figure 3. V. CONCLUSION
Battery management system is always a key technology in
the development of electric vehicles. The most basic role of
battery management system is to monitor the working states of
the battery (the battery voltage, current and temperature),
through the measurement of these parameters to predict the
battery's SOC and the corresponding residual mileage,
managing the working condition of the battery in order to
maximize utilize the battery's storage capacity and cycle life.
At present, in the battery operating parameters measurement,
what mostly used to measure is mechanical relay or optical
relay strobe, as there is a lot of battery and a certain distance
between control board and battery, and finally it is inevitable
to oversize rattail and easy to make a mistake when wiring,
which causes the malfunction and safety potential.
Therefore we designed an intelligent measuring node with
CAN interface to measure battery parameters, and then using
the CAN bus to connect the each node and managed by an
upper computer. The wiring is simple and reliability is high.
What more important is connecting with other CAN control
units on the vehicle to share the information.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT (HEADING 5)
The thanks are due to Huaian Technology Support
Program (Industry) project (HAG09039) and Huaiyin Institute
of Technology Research fund for the surface projects
(HGB0904).
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